Variations of plant life form diversity along the Northeast China Transect and its direct gradient analysis

Plant life form diversity and its direct gradient analysis on a larger scale climate change gradient were tested, based on the data from Northeast China Transect platform. The results showed that the species numbers, life form richness and life form diversity were relative higher at the eastern forests and the ecotone between typical vegetation, while those on the meadow grasslands and typical steppes were lower. Although plant life forms can reflect the climate variations, life form diversity is not consistent with the major global gradient along the NECT.

Ecological biomass allocation strategies in plant species with different life forms in a cold desert, China

Biomass allocation patterns among plant species are related to their adaptive ecological strategies. Ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plant life forms represent three typical growth strategies of plants that grow in autumn and early spring in the cold deserts of China. These plants play an important role in reducing wind velocity in the desert areas. However, despite numerous studies, the strategies of biomass allocation among plant species with these three life forms remain contentious. In this study, we conducted a preliminary quadrat study during 2014–2016 in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, to investigate the allocation patterns of above-ground biomass(AGB) and below-ground biomass(BGB) at the individual level in 17 ephemeral, 3 ephemeroid and 4 annual plant species. Since ephemeral plants can germinate in autumn, we also compared biomass allocation patterns between plants that germinated in autumn 2015 and spring 2016 for 4 common ephemeral species. The healthy mature individual plants of each species were sampled and the AGB, BGB, total biomass(TB), leaf mass ratio(LMR) and root/shoot ratio(R/S) were calculated for 201 sample quadrats in the study area. We also studied the relationships between AGB and BGB of plants with the three different life forms(ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual). The mean AGB values of ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plants were 0.806, 3.759 and 1.546 g/plant, respectively, and the mean BGB values were 0.106, 4.996 and 0.166 g/plant, respectively. The mean R/S value was significantly higher in ephemeroid plants(1.675) than in ephemeral(0.154) and annual(0.147) plants. The mean LMR was the highest in annual plants, followed by ephemeroid plants and ephemeral plants, reflecting the fact that annual plants allocate more biomass to leaves, associated with their longer life span. Biomass of ephemeral plants that germinated in autumn was significantly higher than those of corresponding plants that germinated in spring in terms of AGB, BGB and TB. However, the R/S value was similar in plants that germinated in autumn and spring. The slope of regression relationship between AGB and BGB differed significantly among the three plant life forms. These results support different biomass allocation hypotheses. Specifically, at the individual level, the AGB and BGB partitioning supports the allometric hypothesis for ephemeroid and annual plants and the isometric hypothesis for ephemeral plants.

Antioxidant systems of aquatic macrophytes in three life forms:a case study in Lake Erhai,China

Antioxidant systems are vital in life activities of macrophytes. Species with diff erent life forms need to cope with distinct environments by modifying physiological characters, especially antioxidant systems. In order to find diff erences among life forms and consequence of lake eutrophication, we studied three antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate oxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)) and total soluble phenolics (TP) content in leaves of 26 macrophyte species in September 2013 in Lake Erhai, China. We found that antioxidation varied accordingly with life forms. The activities of SOD and APX in emergent macrophytes (EM) and floating-leaved macrophytes (FM) were much lower than those of submerged macrophytes (SM). On the contrary, TP content was much higher in EM and FM species. There was a negative correlation between TP and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX). The results suggested that EM and FM species rely on phenolics might to adapt to adverse environments (higher herbivores predation pressure and UV radiation intensity), while SM species more rely on antioxidant enzymes possibly due to lower demand for antioxidation and/or lack of light and inorganic C availability for phenolics synthesis. We also found FM species represent highest fitness in term of antioxidant system, which would lead to overgrowth of FM species and littoral zone bogginess during lake eutrophication. Finally, it is necessary to carry out the verification experiment under the control condition in the later stage, especially for the dominant ones in eutrophic lakes, to understand the exact adaptive mechanisms of them.

Characteristics of life-form and growth-form of plant species in an alpine ecosystem of North-West Himalaya

The present study was conducted in the alpine pastures of Tungnath （30° 14＇ N and 79° 13＇ E） to observe life-form and growth-form patterns of alpine plant species under grazed and ungrazed conditions and to work out the plant life form spectrum. Species were categorized as plant habit, height and length of growth-cycle and life-form classes according to Raunkiaer＇s system. The results show that in total of 68 species at grazed site, hemicryptophytes （He） accounted for 50.00% species, followed by cryptophytes （26.47%）, chamaephytes （16.18%）, phanemphytes （4.41%） and therophytes （2.94%）. At the ungrazed site in 65 plant species, hemicryptophytes （He） accounted fo＇r 49.23% species, cryptophytes （26.15%）, chamaephytes （15.38%）, phanerophytes （6.15%） and ther6phytes （3.08 % species）. In general, hemicrptophyte are dominant^in both sites i.e. graged and ungrazed. Growth form categories were classified as forbs, shrubs, grasses and sedges＇and undershrubs, according to plant habit and height. On the basis of length of the growth cycle, species were categorized as plant species of short growth cycle, intermediate growth cycle and long growth cycle. The short forbs of plant habit and height, had the highest emergence, and grasses and sedges had the lowest emergence in representative species. Percentage of species with long growth cycle was highest in both sites.

Functional Enrichment of Utopian Distribution of Plant Life-Forms

Adaptive fuzzy neural inference systems are used to illustrate the primary nodal number of plant life-forms. Categorization of two candidate areas is carried out using the water-energy dynamic (for Ecuador, South America) and Macedonia, Southern Europe), within which the life-form spectra are distributed. Genetic optimization methods are used to expand the primary nodal number to the complete number of life-form categories. The distribution of the elements exhibits a stochastic, binomial distribution and the utopia line and curve are summarized which enhance accuracy of the climatic data and of the consequent numbers of plant species occurrences. Expansion of the distribution of each life-form category is approximated within the Z utopia hyperplane with use of the functional approximation algorithm. This process gives additional structure and informative value to the Z plane, enhancing our ability to make informed policy decisions concerning species and ecosystem conservation.

2011-2015年洞庭湖洲滩群落植物生态型、生活型和生长型组成数据集

植物群落结构与环境的关系可以通过研究植物生活型和生态型进行深入的解析,同时植物生活型是研究植物群落的发生、发展及演替规律的重要内容。中国科学院洞庭湖湿地生态系统观测研究站按中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)监测指标体系,在洞庭湖周期性水文变化情势下,对洞庭湖湿地洲滩典型植物群落类型的物种组成进行长期定位监测。通过专家对洞庭湖湿地3个典型植物群落(苔草、南荻和水蓼)的长期监测数据集进行验证,确保数据的准确性,然后进行分类处理,得到洞庭湖洲滩2011-2015年植物群落植物生活型、生长型和生态型数据集。本数据集包含有植物种名、拉丁名、生活型、生长型、光生态型、水分生态型、土壤pH值生态型、淤积生态型,共8个指标,同时提供了完整的样地信息和样地管理记录,为数据的科学利用提供了空间和时间上的背景信息。本数据集为分析洞庭湖湿地洲滩植被群落生态型和生活型组成,植物群落与环境的相关提供了数据支撑,是深入研究洞庭湖湿地植物被演替的重要参考依据。

金马河沿岸次生林苔藓植物群落对人为干扰的响应

为探索人为干扰对四川金马河沿岸次生林苔藓植物群落的影响,通过分析比较不同干扰程度(轻度、中度、重度)区域苔藓植物的生态位、多样性、生活型、生长附着基质,研究苔藓植物群落特征和物种分布规律。结果表明,在金马河沿岸次生林地12块样地中共调查到苔藓植物15科23属34种,其中,苔类植物3科4属4种,藓类植物12科19属30种。优势科主要为青藓科和羽藓科,其中,细叶小羽藓具有最大的重要值和生态优势度,其重要值、生态位宽度和生态优势度分别为0.5368、2.4648、0.1169,占据重要生态位,台湾青藓次之。耐旱性强的丛集型苔藓植物种类随着人为干扰程度的增强而增加,占比从30.43%逐渐增至40.91%,且其重要值在重度干扰区位于前列。重度干扰区苔藓植物群落的物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著低于轻、中度干扰区(P<0.05),中度干扰区苔藓植物群落的Pielou均匀度指数显著高于其他两个干扰区(P<0.05)。重度干扰区苔藓植物附着在腐(枯)木的数量显著少于轻度干扰区(P<0.05),附着在树干的数量显著少于中度干扰区(P<0.05),且主要附着在土壤和岩石上,附着基质逐渐倾向于单一类型。金马河沿岸次生林重度干扰区的苔藓植物物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著降低(P<0.05),过度干扰会导致林地内生态环境和苔藓植物群落结构遭受破坏。

人类文明形态演进的生命辩证法

马克思的世界观实现了相对于旧哲学世界观的革命性变革,这就是把价值论的维度引入世界观,从而不仅回答了“世界是什么”的本体论问题,而且回答了“世界向何处去”的价值论问题。按照马克思的世界观,人类文明形态的演进本质上是人类这一物种寻求永生的过程。于是,世界历史进程便表现为人类文明形态不断演进的过程。文明形态的演进遵循辩证法原理,而人类通过文明形态的演进,展现了人类独特的生命活动形式,即生命辩证法。共产主义社会文明形态实现了人类文明中“自然法则”和“理性法则”的辩证统一,使人类这一物种的永久生存成为可能。

Host plant traits play a crucial role in shaping the composition of epiphytic microbiota in the arid desert,Northwest China

Phyllosphere microorganisms are a crucial component of environmental microorganisms,highly influenced by host characteristics,and play a significant role in plant health and productivity.Nonetheless,the impact of host characteristics on shaping phyllosphere microbial communities of plants with different life forms remains ambiguous.Utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology,this study analyzed the diversity and community composition of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms(e.g.,bacteria and fungi)of various plant life forms in the hinterland of the Gurbantunggut Desert,Northwest China.Functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa(FAPROTAX)and fungi function guild(FUNGuild)were employed to assess the ecological functions of microorganisms and to investigate the role of stochastic and deterministic processes in shaping phyllosphere microbial communities.Result showed a diverse array of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms in the desert plants,with Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Actinobacteriota dominating bacterial community,while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were prevalent in fungal community.Comparison across different plant life forms highlighted distinct microbial communities,indicating strong filtering effects by plant characteristics.FAPROTAX prediction identified intracellular parasites(accounting for 27.44%of bacterial community abundance),chemoheterotrophy(10.12%),and phototrophy(17.41%)as the main functions of epiphytic bacteria on leaves of different life form plants.FUNGuild prediction indicated that phyllosphere epiphytic fungi primarily served as Saprotrophs(81.77%),Pathotrophs(17.41%),and Symbiotrophs(0.82%).Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated a predominance of positive correlations among different microbial taxa.Raup-Crick dissimilarity index analysis revealed that deterministic processes predominantly influenced phyllosphere bacterial and fungal community assembly.Variance partitioning analysis and random forest modeling suggested that plant leaf functional traits significantly impacted both bacterial and fungal community composition,with fungal community composition showing a closer association with leaf nutrients and physiology compared with bacterial community composition.The distinct responses of bacterial and fungal communities to plant traits were attributed to the differing properties of bacteria and fungi,such as bacteria having higher potential dispersal rates and broader ecological niches than fungi.Overall,the results indicate that phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities undergo similar community assembly processes,with fungi being more influenced by plant characteristics than bacteria.These findings offer novel insights into the ecology of phyllosphere microbial communities of desert plants.

明堂山主要药用植物资源调查分析

为全面了解岳西县明堂山药用植物资源的组成类型、生活型和药用部位等资源现状,本文采用传统野外调查方法收集药用植物资源的分布信息,通过形态观察及查阅相关文献资料对药用植物进行物种鉴定和药用植物整理分析.结果表明,本次调查发现药用植物231种,隶属96科205属,以小型科(2~4种)和单种科(1种)为主.生活型以草本植物占绝对优势(61.47%);药用部位以全草类、根及根茎类占多数(61.48%);珍稀濒危药用植物29种,其中国家一级保护植物2种,二级保护植物8种.岳西县明堂山药用植物资源类型多样性特征明显,生态环境保护良好,此次调查为后续有效保护和合理开发药用植物资源提供科学依据.

脑机接口、生命形式与同一性

脑机接口技术能够修复与增强肢体功能,却带来了技术中断的问题,即导致了个体同一性的中断。但是对脑机接口的同一性进行反思需要克服现代思维的束缚,这一思维建立在生命连续性的基础上。而从神话思维角度看,生命中断是本真的生命现象。从这一观念看,脑机接口导致的中断担忧可以被舒缓。脑机接口导致的技术中断依然存在,确实对生命整体性构成损害;但是其通过功能训练实现了身体功能的延续,这值得肯定。

云南思茅松林植物区系、生活型与叶相特征分析

云南的思茅松林为我国云南省重要的战略森林资源,但其植物资源多样性未见系统报道,为揭示其区系特征及群落外貌,本研究基于144个群落调查样方数据,分析了云南的思茅松林的维管植物区系、生活型与叶相特征。结果显示:(1)云南的思茅松林群落维管植物经合计共130科440属800种,其中包括蕨类植物18科36属61种,裸子植物2科4属7种,被子植物110科400属732种,优势科为豆科、壳斗科和禾本科,优势属为榕属、锥属和柯属。(2)科属的地理成分均以热带成分占优势,且均以泛热带成分为主;温带分布型以北温带及其变型为主。未见中国特有科,中国特有属9种。寡种和单种科属占比高,一定程度表明了该群落类型对生境选择的多样化响应。从演化趋势来看,古老成分与新生类群共存。(3)生活型谱中高位芽植物为该群落优势生活型,占比为61.25%,Raunkiaer生活型谱呈“L”型。(4)植物叶相以纸质(44.00%)、单叶(74.50%)、全缘(67.75%)、中型叶(46.38%)为主。该研究结果有助于进一步认识思茅松林区系特征、为其生态保护和管理提供参考价值。

张家口崇礼区森林生物多样性及其垂直分布格局

选择张家口崇礼区东部山林,沿海拔高度设置样地,开展森林植被组成结构调查,分析其植被特征和生物多样性沿海拔高度的垂直分布规律.结果表明:森林植被类型以白桦为优势种的落叶阔叶林为主,随着山地海拔升高,逐渐演变为以华北落叶松为优势种的针叶林和针叶阔叶混交林.森林木本植物的物种多样性沿海拔高度呈现出先升高、后降低的变化趋势,多样性最大值区域位于海拔1900 m;森林物种丰富度主要受灌木层物种变化的影响.森林地表枯落物在海拔1500 m和1900 m样地积累较多,乔木植物对地表枯落物的贡献较大.

西北干旱区荒漠植物叶片和细根碳、氮、磷化学计量特征

植物的叶片和细根是植物地上部分和地下部分最重要的营养器官,其碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征反映了植物的养分限制状况及叶片与细根间的协同作用,开展叶片与细根化学计量关系的研究,对认识植物养分利用策略及元素间平衡关系有重要意义。对西北干旱区21种荒漠植物叶片与细根C、N、P含量进行了测定,分析了C、N、P含量及其计量比在不同生活型及不同器官间的关系。结果表明:1)西北干旱区荒漠植物叶片与细根C含量相对稳定,叶N、P含量高于细根,说明在干旱生境中,植物对养分的分配侧重于地上部分,以完成其正常的生命活动;叶片与细根的N∶P无显著差异,有明显的保守性,表明植物地上与地下部分养分吸收策略与分配规律具有一致性;2)不同生活型植物叶片和细根的C、N、P含量及C∶N、C∶P存在显著差异,灌木与禾草具有较高的C∶N和C∶P,杂类草具有较高的N、P含量,说明灌木与禾草倾向于保守型养分适应策略,杂类草倾向于快速生长的资源竞争策略;3)21种荒漠植物叶片与细根N、P含量间均存在显著的正相关关系,表明西北干旱区荒漠植物体内N、P元素间存在相互作用;4)植物叶片与细根间C、N、P含量及C∶N、C∶P存在等速生长关系,表明植物光合产物和养分在地上与地下部分间的分配具有平行的比例关系,但这种关系受生活型影响。上述结果表明西北干旱区不同生活型植物在恶劣生境中存在不同的养分适应策略,且地上与地下部分的养分利用策略及分配规律存在协同作用,这为进一步认识西北干旱区荒漠植物的养分利用策略提供了试验基础。

紫花苜蓿与3种生活型多年生禾草混播的根系构型差异

【目的】探讨豆禾混播草地牧草根系构型对混播组分和比例的响应。【方法】以紫花苜蓿分别与3种生活型禾草(匍匐茎型草地早熟禾、根茎型无芒雀麦和丛生型苇状羊茅)以豆禾比为7∶3、5∶5和3∶7建植的人工草地为研究对象,以各草种单播为对照,测定不同混播处理下各组分的根系形态和构型特征。【结果】混播改变了牧草根系形态和构型,各草种通过增大总根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数,减小根直径,优化拓扑结构,增强空间占有能力和提高根系发达程度等生态策略来响应竞争环境,进而使得混播草地增产。但较高比例的紫花苜蓿会阻碍苇状羊茅根系的生长和产量。较单播草地而言,混播草地牧草根系分支结构均有由叉状分支向鱼尾状分支转变的趋势。混播处理下各草种根系性状变异明显,紫花苜蓿根系性状变异主要表现在根尖数,变异系数为51.95%,草地早熟禾匍匐茎型根系性状变异主要表现在拓扑指数,变异系数为81.13%,无芒雀麦根茎型根系和苇状羊茅根系性状变异主要表现在根体积,变异系数分别为52.29%和29.17%。【结论】以紫花苜蓿分别与3生活型禾草3∶7混播时豆科牧草与禾本科牧草根系发育程度和混播草地增产率较高。

大理苍山杜鹃花属植物资源及其种质资源圃建设分析

基于苍山科学考察资料及文献资料,对苍山杜鹃花属植物资源特征及种质资源圃建设条件进行分析。结果表明,苍山分布有杜鹃花属植物57种,占全国杜鹃花种数的9.5%,占云南省杜鹃花种数的14.3%;生活型以灌木型为主(73.6%),其次为灌木或乔木型(24.6%);分布海拔大于2 500 m的种数达44种,占苍山杜鹃花总种数的77.2%;苍山地区杜鹃花花色极其丰富,其中白色系种类最多(33.3%),其次为粉红色系(19.3%);杜鹃花花期为2—8月,主要集中于4—6月开放。从海拔、可建面积、水路条件等方面对苍山范围内具备建设杜鹃花种质资源圃的地块进行分析,结果认为,苍山花甸坝及大理大学茶园具有较好的建设条件。

叶内生物量分配策略对生活型及叶性状响应研究进展

叶片是光合作用的主要场所,通过光合作用固定的能量用于呼吸消耗和同化作用,进行物质生产的同时进行叶内生物量的分配,这种分配并不是柄叶之间生物量发生等比例变化,而是由于自身及外界因素的影响使柄叶之间出现异速生长关系,即柄叶权衡。目前未发现叶内生物量分配策略对生活型及叶性状响应的评述,研究主要对叶内生物量分配对不同生活型、叶型、叶大小、叶形状和叶含水量的响应机制进行了论述。并提出今后需要加强研究的几方面:(1)探索全部或者部分支持构件与叶内生物量分配之间的关系,揭示不同占比的支持结构是如何影响叶内生物量分配策略的,各个支持结构在叶内生物量分配中扮演什么样的“角色”;(2)探索叶序与生物量分配的关系,揭示光合构件在不同排列方式下进行碳收益过程中叶内生物量如何分配,不同排列方式下的叶片水分养分输导过程对叶内生物量分配的影响又是如何;(3)探索叶柄及其他支撑结构与叶性状的作用关系;(4)探索叶经济谱(LES)作用范围,揭示LES是否包括叶片和叶柄的作用关系。

武功山篦子三尖杉群落特征及其保护

[目的]了解武功山篦子三尖杉种群的生长状况。[方法]对武功山篦子三尖杉群落进行调查,根据调查数据对群落植物区系、生活型、种-多度格局、垂直结构和篦子三尖杉种群年龄结构进行了分析。[结果]武功山篦子三尖杉群落区系成分以温带成分为主,向区系平衡点过渡;生活型以高位芽为主,占比为60%;种-多度格局为对数函数关系,得到拟合曲线y=24.07ln(x)+0.74(R^(2)=0.9775);群落分为乔、灌、草3层,树高级拟合曲线为y=200.57x^(-1.391)(R^(2)=0.8733);篦子三尖杉种群年龄结构呈稳定型。[结论]该研究结果为篦子三尖杉的保护提供了科学依据。

两种生活型木本植物叶功能性状变异特征研究

以乔木和灌木两种生活型木本植物为研究对象,研究其植物叶性状及其变异特征,揭示两种生活型木本植物的适应机理。以新乡市16种木本植物:刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、五角枫(Acer elegantulum)、加拿大杨(Populus×ca⁃nadensis)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、法桐(Platanus orientalis)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、玉兰(Magnolia denudata)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)、日本晚樱(Cerasus serrulata)、紫荆(Cercis chinensis)、紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera)、垂丝海棠(Malus Halliana)、西府海棠(Malus micromalus)、榆叶梅(Amygdalus triloba)和丁香(Syzygium aromaticum)为试材,对其叶面积(leaf area,LA)、叶厚度(leaf thickness,LT)、叶干物质含量(leaf dry matter content,LDMC)、比叶面积(specific leaf area,SLA)、叶鲜重(fresh leaf weight,FW)、叶干重(dry leaf weight,DW)、叶绿素含量(chlorophyll,Chl)和叶含水率(leaf moisture content,LWC)这8种叶功能性状进行测定和分析。结果表明:8种叶性状存在不同程度的变异。乔木树种的叶鲜重(90.13%)、叶干重(86.36%)和叶面积(95.13%)呈强变异,叶干物质含量(18.79%)和叶含水率(12.81%)属于弱变异;灌木树种的比叶面积(54.03%)、叶鲜重(60.17%)和叶面积(62.17%)属于强变异;叶含水率(14.60%)属于弱变异。叶功能性状间关系密切,乔木树种的叶面积与叶鲜重和叶干重呈极显著正相关关系(p<0.01),与比叶面积呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05);灌木树种的叶面积与叶鲜重、叶干重、比叶面积和叶含水率都呈极显著正相关关系(p<0.01),与叶干物质含量呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01)。主成分分析显示,8种叶功能性状指标中,叶鲜重、叶干重、叶绿素含量贡献率最大,可作为木本植物适应生境的重要指标。总体来说,乔木树种的大多叶功能性状的稳定性和性状间的相关性与灌木植物相比较弱,乔木树种为适应生态环境,在生存机制上做出的调整程度大于灌木树种。

松嫩草甸草原植物群落物种组成和多样性对刈割和长期放牧的响应

为明晰不同利用方式对松嫩草甸草原不同植物群落物种组成和多样性的影响,本研究通过对松嫩平原西部地带性植被草甸草原在刈割和长期放牧利用下两种典型群落-羊草(Leymus chinensis)群落和野古草(Arundinella hirta)群落的调查与分析,探究了两种利用方式对群落植物物种组成、重要值、生活型、数量特征及多样性等指标的影响。结果表明:刈割和长期放牧下羊草群落物种数为18种和21种,禾本科植物占比最高,分别为33.3%和45.45%;野古草群落物种数分别为39种和32种,禾本科植物占比为23.1%和21.9%。长期放牧增加羊草群落地面芽植物和野古草群落一年生植物占比,降低野古草群落地面芽植物占比。两种利用方式下两个群落饲用价值类型均以优良牧草的种类最多,占比分别为58.76%(刈割羊草群落)、53.33%(长期放牧羊草群落)、46.56%(刈割野古草群落)和46.63%(长期放牧野古草群落)。长期放牧显著降低了两个植物群落的盖度、高度和生物量(P <0.05)。与刈割相比,长期放牧下植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数均呈增加趋势。长期放牧下羊草群落和野古草群落S?rensen相似性指数更高,两个群落植物物种相似度更高;而Cody指数在刈割利用下更高,两个群落物种组成在刈割利用下的变化幅度更大。刈割和放牧对松嫩草甸草原不同植物群落的组成和多样性能够产生不同程度的影响,合理适度的利用方式和保护措施将更有利于对草原资源的可持续利用。