Extraterrestrial Life in the Thermosphere: Plasmas, UAP, Pre-Life, Fourth State of Matter

“Plasmas” up to a kilometer in size and behaving similarly to multicellular organisms have been filmed on 10 separate NASA space shuttle missions, over 200 miles above Earth within the thermosphere. These self-illuminated “plasmas” are attracted to and may “feed on” electromagnetic radiation. They have different morphologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spherical-cylindrical;and have been filmed flying towards and descending from the thermosphere into thunderstorms;congregating by the hundreds and interacting with satellites generating electromagnetic activity;approaching the Space Shuttles. Computerized analysis of flight path trajectories documents these plasmas travel at different velocities from different directions and change their angle of trajectory making 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been filmed accelerating, slowing down, stopping, congregating, engaging in “hunter-predatory” behavior and intersecting plasmas leaving a plasma dust trail in their wake. Similar life-like behaviors have been demonstrated by plasmas created experimentally. “Plasmas” may have been photographed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighters”);repeatedly observed and filmed by astronauts and military pilots and classified as Unidentified Aerial—Anomalous Phenomenon. Plasmas are not biological but may represent a form of pre-life that via the incorporation of elements common in space, could result in the synthesis of RNA. Plasmas constitute a fourth state of matter, are attracted to electromagnetic activity, and when observed in the lower atmosphere likely account for many of the UFO-UAP sightings over the centuries.

Nuclear geyser model of the origin of life:Driving force to promote the synthesis of building blocks of life

We propose the nuclear geyser model to elucidate an optimal site to bear the first life.Our model overcomes the difficulties that previously proposed models have encountered.Nuclear geyser is a geyser driven by a natural nuclear reactor,which was likely common in the Hadean Earth,because of a much higher abundance of ^(235)U as nuclear fuel.The nuclear geyser supplies the following:(1)high-density ionizing radiation to promote chemical chain reactions that even tar can be used for intermediate material to restart chemical reactions,(2)a system to maintain the circulation of material and energy,which includes cyclic environmental conditions(warm/cool,dry/wet,etc.)to enable to produce complex organic compounds,(3)a lower temperature than 100℃ as not to break down macromolecular organic compounds,(4)a locally reductive environment depending on rock types exposed along the geyser wall,and(5)a container to confine and accumulate volatile chemicals.These five factors are the necessary conditions that the birth place of life must satisfy.Only the nuclear geyser can meet all five,in contrast to the previously proposed birth sites,such as tidal flat,submarine hydrothermal vent,and outer space.The nuclear reactor and associated geyser,which maintain the circulations of material and energy with its surrounding environment,are regarded as the nuclear geyser system that enables numerous kinds of chemical reactions to synthesize complex organic compounds,and where the most primitive metabolism could be generated.

Nine requirements for the origin of Earth’s life:Not at the hydrothermal vent, but in a nuclear geyser system

The origin of life on Earth remains enigmatic with diverse models and debates.Here we discuss essential requirements for the first emergence of life on our planet and propose the following nine requirements:(1)an energy source(ionizing radiation and thermal energy);(2)a supply of nutrients(P.K.REE.etc.);(3)a supply of life-constituting major elements;(4)a high concentration of reduced gases such as CH4,HCN and NH3;(5)dry-wet cycles to create membranes and polymerize RNA;(6)a non-toxic aqueous environment;(7)Na-poor water;(8)highly diversified environments,and(9)cyclic conditions,such as dayto-night,hot-to-cold etc.Based on these nine requirements,we evaluate previously proposed locations for the origin of Earth’s life,including:(1)Darwin’s"warm little pond",leading to a"prebiotic soup"for life;(2)panspermia or Neo-panspermia(succession model of panspermia);(3)transportation from/through Mars;(4)a deepsea hydrothermal system;(5)an on-land subduct ion-zone hot spring,and(6)a geyser systems driven by a natural nuclear reactor.We conclude that location(6)is the most ideal candidate for the o rigin point for Earth’s life because of its efficiency in continuously supplying both the energy and the necessary materials for life,thereby maintaining the essential"cradle"for its initial development.We also emphasize that falsifiable working hypothesis provides an important tool to evaluate one of the biggest mysteries of the universe-the origin of life.

Entropy Production and the Origin of Life

All irreversible processes arise and persist to produce entropy. Entropy production is not incidental to such processes, but rather the very reason for their origin and persistence. Here we take such a thermodynamic perspective on the origin of life, recognizing that entropy production is not only the vital force of life, but the fundamental link between life in the biosphere today and its origin in the Archean. Today the greatest en-tropy production in the biosphere is due to visible photon absorption and dissipation into heat by organic material in liquid water and the subsequent degradation of the established heat gradient through the water cycle. Following this link back in time to the Archean environment leads to a suggestion for a mechanism for the origin of life based on UV photon absorption and dissipation by RNA and DNA.

Origin and Evolution of Life Constraints on the Solar Model

Life arose as a non-equilibrium thermodynamic process to dissipate the photon potential generated by the hot Sun and cold outer space. Evidence from the geochemical record of the evolutionary history of life on Earth suggests that life originated in a hot aqueous environment dissipating UV light and evolved later to dissipate visible light. This evidence places constraints on models of solar origin and evolution. The standard solar model seems less compatible with the data than does the pulsar centered solar model.

明代三边总督喻时生平著述考

喻时(1507—1571),明嘉靖十七年(1538)进士,历官嘉靖、隆庆两朝,前后三十余年间,曾任吴江县令、监察御史、山西巡抚、三边总督等职,官至兵部右侍郎。嘉靖后期,喻时临危受命,总督三边军务,功绩卓然,有力地维护了西北边地和平。其宦迹遍及南北,政绩斐然,声名远播,时有“喻青天”之美誉。喻时一生勤于著述,今有《吴皋先生文集》《海上老人别集》及其它散著存世。

生命早期肠道菌群异常参与发育源性骨质疏松症发生的研究进展

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的发生与生命早期骨发育密切相关,是一种发育起源疾病。本文总结了OP发育起源相关的文献报道,提出其发生机制可能与生命早期肠道菌群异常有关。同时,简要阐明了生命早期肠道菌群的组成特征及其影响因素,并系统阐述了生命早期肠道菌群异常参与发育源性OP相关的临床与实验室研究。最后,鉴于生命早期肠道菌群在骨骼发育中的重要作用,从益生菌/益生元两方面总结生命早期干预肠道菌群策略对宿主生长发育及骨量的影响,为防治发育源性OP提供新思路与新策略。

蔡锷坚守初心的人生历程及现实启示

蔡锷出身于贫寒的农村家庭,年少即深切感受民众疾苦,早年立志救国救民,确立了“为国家不为权利”的初心。他顺应近代中国历史发展的潮流,在辛亥革命武昌首义后发动和领导了昆明“重九”起义;在袁世凯复辟帝制时,不顾个人安危毅然发动和领导反袁护国战争,阻止了近代中国历史倒退,“再造共和”。蔡锷用一生践行初心,并为之贡献了人生最为宝贵的生命。在中国特色社会主义进入新时代之际,回顾蔡锷坚守初心的人生历程,具有重要的现实启示意义。

王船山人本思想中的生命本义诠释的三维面向

王船山有丰富的人本思想,其人本内涵是从人本生命上述说的。生命是人成为人的基本前提,是天理和本性的载体,因此,生命本义是人本内涵的最基本的本义。生命本义包括气、利、情三个方面,气以生人、利以生人、情以生人,都说明生命存在是最基本的人本内涵。气以生人是说阴阳之气造就人,利以生人是说物质利益养活人,情以生人是说欲望情感是人的自然属性。以生为本的人本本义说明人与生俱来具有三个方面的根本:人本是宇宙之生,即原初天生的生命体;人本是自然之生,即自然物生的生命体;人本是情感之生,即欲望情感的生命体。船山对人本生命的本义论述彰显了船山学术的启蒙性质。

集市蔬果的装饰化塑形以及在纺织品设计中的应用

互联网大数据时代激发了人们对个性化、多元化、沉浸式体验感的迫切需求,而设计的同质化现象已屡遭诟病,亟须改变。回归“艺术源于生活”的原创设计理念,从日常生活中汲取灵感,塑造生动鲜活的装饰艺术图形。文章遵循“生活是艺术创作源泉”的理念,对集市蔬果实地的感知发现与设计方法进行探讨,以瓜果蔬菜的极繁美为主题,拓展纺织品图案设计的生活素材源,提高多元化装饰题材的可能性,让从生活中获取第一手资料的原创理念深潜于心,建构中国特色的原创设计体系。

Origin of the Earth:A proposal of new model called ABEL

The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon(C),hydrogen(H),oxygen(O),and nitrogen(N) which peaked at 4.37-4.20 Ga.This two-step formation model of the Earth we refer to as the advent of bio-elements model(ABEL Model) and the event of the advent of bio-elements(water component) as ABEL Bombardment.It is clear that the solid Earth originated from enstatite chondrite-like dry material based on the similarity in oxygen isotopic composition and among other isotopes.On the other hand,Earth's water derives primarily from carbonaceous chondrite material based on the hydrogen isotopic ratio.We present our ABEL model to explain this enigma between solid Earth and water,as well as secondary accretion of oxidizing bio-elements,which became a precursor to initiate metabolism to emerge life on a highly reductive planet.If ABEL Bombardment had not occurred,life never would have emerged on the Earth.Therefore,ABEL Bombardment is one of the most important events for this planet to evolve into a habitable planet.The chronology of ABEL Bombardment is informed through previous researches of the late heavy bombardment and the late veneer model.ABEL Bombardment is considered to have occurred during 4.37-4.20 Ga,which is the concept to redefine the standard late heavy bombardment and the late veneer models.Also,ABEL Bombardment is the trigger of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics on this planet because of the injection of volatiles into the initial dry Earth.

A possible anorthositic continent of early Mars and the role of planetary size for the inception of Earth-like life

The Moon has an anorthositic primordial continental crust. Recently anorthosite has also been discovered on the Martian surface. Although the occurrence of anorthosite is observed to be very limited in Earth's extant geological record,both lunar and Martian surface geology suggest that anorthosite may have comprised a primordial continent on the early Earth during the first 600 million years after its formation. We hypothesized that differences in the presence of an anorthositic continent on an Earthlike planet are due to planetary size. Earth likely lost its primordial anorthositic continent by tectonic erosion through subduction associated with a kind of proto-plate tectonics(PPT). In contrast, Mars and the Moon, as much smaller planetary bodies, did not lose much of their anorthositic continental crust because mantle convection had weakened and/or largely stopped, and with time, they had appropriately cooled down. Applying this same reasoning to a super-Earth exoplanet suggests that, while a primordial anorthositic continent may briefly form on its surface, such a continent will be likely transported into the deep mantle due to intense mantle convection immediately following its formation. The presence of a primordial continent on an Earth-like planet seems to be essential to whether the planet will be habitable to Earth-like life. The key role of the primordial continent is to provide the necessary and sufficient nutrients for the emergence and evolution of life. With the appearance of a "trinity" consisting of(1) an atmosphere,(2) an ocean, and(3) the primordial continental landmass, material circulation can be maintained to enable a "Habitable Trinity" environment that will permit the emergence of Earth-like life. Thus, with little likelihood of a persistent primordial continent, a super-Earth affords very little chance for Earth-like life to emerge.

A Fractal Space-Time Structure of Nonequilibrium Living Systems Is Essential Property and Fractal Property of Dynamics Systems on Cosmic Scales Is Foundation for the Origin of the Living Systems

The experimental data represented in the bibliography are theoretically analyzed to construct an adequate model for dynamics of an open nonequilibrium living system. It is shown that the viable microorganisms are capable of forming the fractal structure, whose dimensionality is certainly non-integral. In addition, we have attempted to provide a generalized description of the properties of living and nonliving matter (in the addition to that described in work [1]). Relevant published data were used to demonstrate a fractal structure of the space in the vicinity of centrally gravitating bodies with satellites revolving around them along closed trajectories and serving as a kind of testers of the neighboring space. A local violation of its discontinuity is likely to be a necessary (yet not sufficient!) dynamic characteristic of the spatiotemporal continuum for self-organization of molecules into a living, i.e., self-replicating, system.

From the Beginning of the World to the Beginning of Life on Earth

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift in Cosmology [1]. In this paper, we provide seven Pillars of WUM: Medium of the World;Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters;Creation of Matter;Multicomponent Dark Matter;Macroobjects;Volcanic Rotational Fission;Dark Matter Reactors. We describe the evolution of the World from the Beginning up to the birth of the Solar System and discuss the condition of the Early Earth before the beginning of life on it.

矿物光电子能量在地球早期生命起源与进化中的作用

地球早期生命起源的第一步是合成简单的有机化合物,但合成有机物所需能量来源问题长期困扰着学术界。早期地球上丰富的硫化物半导体矿物可将太阳光子转化为光电子,提供持续的能量来源。也正是由于矿物光电子能量较高,在非生物途径合成小分子有机物方面具有优势。其中半导体矿物自然硫转化太阳能产生的光电子能量,是目前所发现的最高的矿物光电子能量,不仅能直接还原CO_(2)分子为甲酸物质,还可催化其他生命基础物质的合成。在全球陆地系统中暴露在阳光下的岩石/土壤表面普遍被一层铁锰氧化物“矿物膜”所覆盖,光照下含半导体矿物水钠锰矿的“矿物膜”产生原位、灵敏、长效的光电流,显示出优异的光电效应。生物光合作用中心Mn4CaO5在裂解水产氧过程中产生成分和结构类似水钠锰矿的结构中间体,地球早期“矿物膜”中水钠锰矿可能促进了锰簇Mn4CaO5与生物光合作用的起源与进化。早期地球半导体矿物为生命起源基本物质的合成提供直接能量来源,矿物光电子能量在地球早期生命起源与进化中起到了重要作用。