LiB (lithium-ion battery) has become serious concern for energy management systems, especially in Japan, where the argument on a nuclear power plant problem is active. Including reuse of LiB, long-term use is expect...LiB (lithium-ion battery) has become serious concern for energy management systems, especially in Japan, where the argument on a nuclear power plant problem is active. Including reuse of LiB, long-term use is expected, however, method to ensure LiB life has not been developed thus the users of LiB are forced to accept the uncertainty of LiB life. Therefore this study suggests an evaluation method for LiB life using degradation experimental data. This method has three elements, defining indexes, preparing degradation speed database from the result of experiment, and setting up the use patterns of LiB. In order to be usable under non-experimental conditions, degradation speed database has the data in all conditions by complementing the experimental result. Finally, this evaluation model was verified by comparing model estimates and the experimental measurements.展开更多
Complex energy and environment system, especially nuclear fuel cycle system recently raised socialconcerns about the issues of economic competitiveness, environmental effect and nuclear proliferation. Only underthe co...Complex energy and environment system, especially nuclear fuel cycle system recently raised socialconcerns about the issues of economic competitiveness, environmental effect and nuclear proliferation. Only underthe condition that those conflicting issues are gotten a consensus between stakeholders with different knowledgebackground, can nuclear power industry be continuingly developed. In this paper, a new analysis platform has beendeveloped to help stakeholders to recognize and analyze various socio-technical issues in the nuclear fuel cycle systembased on the functional modeling method named Multilevel Flow Models (MFM) according to the cognition theoryof human being. Its character is that MFM models define a set of mass, energy and information flow structures onmultiple levels of abstraction to describe the functional structure of a process system and its graphical symbol representationand the means-end and part-whole hierarchical flow structure to make the represented process easy to beunderstood. Based upon this methodology, a micro-process and a macro-process of nuclear fuel cycle system wereselected to be simulated and some analysis processes such as economics analysis, environmental analysis and energybalance analysis related to those flows were also integrated to help stakeholders to understand the process of decision-making with the introduction of some new functions for the improved Multilevel Flow Models Studio, and finallythe simple simulation such as spent fuel management process simulation and money flow of nuclear fuel cycleand its levelised cost analysis will be represented as feasible examples.展开更多
Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analy...Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to quantify the impact of pavement preservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost (VOC) and analyzed the optimal timing of preservation treatments. The international roughness index (IRI) data were extracted from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program specific pavement studies 3 (SPS-3) to determine the long-term effectiveness of preservation treatments on IRI deterioration. The traffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency cost caused by pavement preservation. The benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency cost. The optimal timing calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost. There are considerable differences among the optimal timing of three preservation treatments.展开更多
目的对比福建医科大学附属第二医院脑出血患者在实行疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)支付方式前后的住院费用,并分析其影响因素,为有效调整区域化DRG费用标准提供参考依据。方法本研究以福建医科大学附属第二医院2021年...目的对比福建医科大学附属第二医院脑出血患者在实行疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)支付方式前后的住院费用,并分析其影响因素,为有效调整区域化DRG费用标准提供参考依据。方法本研究以福建医科大学附属第二医院2021年9月—2023年6月病案首页诊断编码(疾病分类代码国临版2.0)为I60~I62的病例为研究对象,采用Kendall相关性分析进行单因素分析,将差异有统计学意义的变量纳入多元线性回归模型进行多因素分析。结果实行DRG支付费改革后,脑出血住院患者平均住院费用与自付金额分别下降26.17%和45.55%,控费效果较好;DRG支付方式下对住院费用影响最大的前4位因素是住院天数、是否手术、出院时已治愈以及住院时病重状态;DRG支付方式下,脑出血相关DRG分组呈盈利状态。结论DRG支付方式有效实现控费目标,改革成效明显;医疗机构应注意缩短住院天数,合理提高体现医疗价值的治疗费用占比,减少不必要的医药、耗材、检查等支出;医保部门应考虑将住院天数纳入DRG分组标准,综合考虑医疗服务质量、医保支付能力、患者个人经济负担,动态调整DRG分组支付标准。展开更多
文摘LiB (lithium-ion battery) has become serious concern for energy management systems, especially in Japan, where the argument on a nuclear power plant problem is active. Including reuse of LiB, long-term use is expected, however, method to ensure LiB life has not been developed thus the users of LiB are forced to accept the uncertainty of LiB life. Therefore this study suggests an evaluation method for LiB life using degradation experimental data. This method has three elements, defining indexes, preparing degradation speed database from the result of experiment, and setting up the use patterns of LiB. In order to be usable under non-experimental conditions, degradation speed database has the data in all conditions by complementing the experimental result. Finally, this evaluation model was verified by comparing model estimates and the experimental measurements.
文摘Complex energy and environment system, especially nuclear fuel cycle system recently raised socialconcerns about the issues of economic competitiveness, environmental effect and nuclear proliferation. Only underthe condition that those conflicting issues are gotten a consensus between stakeholders with different knowledgebackground, can nuclear power industry be continuingly developed. In this paper, a new analysis platform has beendeveloped to help stakeholders to recognize and analyze various socio-technical issues in the nuclear fuel cycle systembased on the functional modeling method named Multilevel Flow Models (MFM) according to the cognition theoryof human being. Its character is that MFM models define a set of mass, energy and information flow structures onmultiple levels of abstraction to describe the functional structure of a process system and its graphical symbol representationand the means-end and part-whole hierarchical flow structure to make the represented process easy to beunderstood. Based upon this methodology, a micro-process and a macro-process of nuclear fuel cycle system wereselected to be simulated and some analysis processes such as economics analysis, environmental analysis and energybalance analysis related to those flows were also integrated to help stakeholders to understand the process of decision-making with the introduction of some new functions for the improved Multilevel Flow Models Studio, and finallythe simple simulation such as spent fuel management process simulation and money flow of nuclear fuel cycleand its levelised cost analysis will be represented as feasible examples.
文摘Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to quantify the impact of pavement preservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost (VOC) and analyzed the optimal timing of preservation treatments. The international roughness index (IRI) data were extracted from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program specific pavement studies 3 (SPS-3) to determine the long-term effectiveness of preservation treatments on IRI deterioration. The traffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency cost caused by pavement preservation. The benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency cost. The optimal timing calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost. There are considerable differences among the optimal timing of three preservation treatments.
文摘目的对比福建医科大学附属第二医院脑出血患者在实行疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)支付方式前后的住院费用,并分析其影响因素,为有效调整区域化DRG费用标准提供参考依据。方法本研究以福建医科大学附属第二医院2021年9月—2023年6月病案首页诊断编码(疾病分类代码国临版2.0)为I60~I62的病例为研究对象,采用Kendall相关性分析进行单因素分析,将差异有统计学意义的变量纳入多元线性回归模型进行多因素分析。结果实行DRG支付费改革后,脑出血住院患者平均住院费用与自付金额分别下降26.17%和45.55%,控费效果较好;DRG支付方式下对住院费用影响最大的前4位因素是住院天数、是否手术、出院时已治愈以及住院时病重状态;DRG支付方式下,脑出血相关DRG分组呈盈利状态。结论DRG支付方式有效实现控费目标,改革成效明显;医疗机构应注意缩短住院天数,合理提高体现医疗价值的治疗费用占比,减少不必要的医药、耗材、检查等支出;医保部门应考虑将住院天数纳入DRG分组标准,综合考虑医疗服务质量、医保支付能力、患者个人经济负担,动态调整DRG分组支付标准。