Environmental Impact Assessment of HF Emission in South of Iran by Gaussian Atmospheric Dispersion Model

Iran, as a developing country has been facing rapid growth in the energy demanding sectors and needs to achieve essential elements of sustainable development. Environmental impact assessment of factories which emit hazardous gases such as HF would promise a fruitful future to achieve sustainable development. This study reveals an environmental impact assessment that has been carried out for an Aluminum Complex to be located in south of Iran. Application of Gaussian model showed that the highest concentration at the center of HF plume is 2.65 gr/sec; whereas the average wind speed is 9.1 Knots, the emission rate is 1.24 gr/sec, downwind distance 400 m and the atmospheric stability is in A class. For unstable atmospheric conditions the amount of HF emission comes to be one forth of Iran＇s national standard. It is also suggested that real-time monitoring of the pollutant particles and emissions, together with adapting proper mitigation plans and management skills, will lead to maximum efficiency with the least harmful environmental impacts.

Application Study of Trajectory Plume Model in Atmospheric Environmental Impact Assessment

[ Objective] The research aimed to study application of the trajectory plume model in atmospheric environmental impact assessment. [ Method] Trajectory plume model was used to retrospectively evaluate regional atmospheric improvement degree by fuel gas desulfurization project in Mawan Power Plant of Shenzhen. On this basis, we analyzed applicability of the model in atmospheric prediction of the construction project. [- Re- sult~ Under the situation of complex flow field and variable weather condition, the trajectory plume model displayed good prediction accuracy, to- gether with the use of flow field diagnosis model. Under complex weather condition, this model could be complementary to atmospheric environmen- tal quality prediction model recommended by new atmosphere guidelines, which had the value of popularization in future atmospheric environmental evaluation and planning. [ Conduslon~ Trajectory plume model had broad application potential in atmospheric environmental impact assessment.

A Prediction Model of MF Radiation in Environmental Assessment

Objective To predict the impact of MF radiation on human health. Methods The vertical distribution of field intensity was estimated by analogism on the basis of measured values from simulation measurement. Results A kind of analogism on the basis of geometric proportion decay pattern is put forward in the essay. It showed that with increasing of height the field intensity increased according to geometric proportion law. Conclusion This geometric proportion prediction model can be used to estimate the impact of MF radiation on inhabited environment, and can act as a reference pattern in predicting the environmental impact level of MF radiation.

Meteoroid and Space Debris Risk Assessment for Satellites Orbiting the Earth/Moon

Interplanetary meteoroids and space debris can impact satellites orbiting the Earth or spacecraft traveling to the Moon.Targeting China Space Station(CSS),7 satellites selected from the constellation of Beidou Navigation Satellite System Phase III(BDS-3),and 3 spacecraft orbiting the Moon,we have adopted in the paper the Meteoroid Engineering Model 3,Divine-Staubach meteoroid environment model,and Jenniskens-McBride meteoroid steam model to analyze the meteoroid environment with the mass range of 10–6~10 g.Orbital Debris Engineering Model 3.1 space debris model is used to analyze the orbital debris environment faced by these satellites.The flux of space debris with a size larger than 100μm is compared with that of the meteoroids.The results show that the space debris flux encountered by China Space Station is much higher than that of the meteoroids with sizes in the above range.And quite the opposite,the meteoroids flux impacting the 7 satellites from the BDS-3 is higher.Upon adopting the double-layer Whipple protection measure,the catastrophic collision flux of these satellites encountering meteoroids is about 10–6 times of that without protection,or even less,implying that the Whipple protection effectively guarantees the safety of the satellites in orbit.Besides,it is also found that the flux of the high-density meteoroid population encountered by each satellite is greater than that of the low-density population,whereas the impact velocity is lower for each satellite.These results can aid the orbit selection and the protection design for satellites and spacecraft.

Application of the AERMOD modeling system for environmental impact assessment of NO_2 emissions from a cement complex

We applied the model of American Meteorological Society-Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model（AERMOD） as a tool for the analysis of nitrogen dioxide（NO2） emissions from a cement complex as a part of the environmental impact assessment.The dispersion of NO2 from four cement plants within the selected cement complex were investigated both by measurement and AERMOD simulation in dry and wet seasons.Simulated values of NO2 emissions were compared with those obtained during a 7-day continuous measurement campaign at 12 receptors.It was predicted that NO2 concentration peaks were found more within 1 to 5 km,where the measurement and simulation were in good agreement,than at the receptors 5 km further away from the reference point.The QuantileQuantile plots of NO2 concentrations in dry season were mostly fitted to the middle line compared to those in wet season.This can be attributed to high NO2 wet deposition.The results show that for both the measurement and the simulation using the AERMOD,NO2 concentrations do not exceed the NO2 concentration limit set by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards（NAAQS） of Thailand.This indicates that NO2 emissions from the cement complex have no significant impact on nearby communities.It can be concluded that the AERMOD can provide useful information to identify high pollution impact areas for the EIA guidelines.

An endpoint damage oriented model for life cycle environmental impact assessment of buildings in China

The midpoint impact assessment methodology and several weighting methods that are currently used by most building Life cycle assessment (LCA) researchers in China, still have some shortcomings. In order to make the evaluation results have better temporal and spatial applicability, the endpoint impact assessment methodology was adopted in this paper. Based on the endpoint damage oriented concept, four endpoints of resource exhaustion, energy exhaustion, human health damage and ecosystem damage were selected according to the situation of China and the specialties of the building industry. Subsequently the formula for calculating each endpoint, the background value for normalization and the weighting factors were defined. Following that, an endpoint damage oriented model to evaluate the life cycle environmental impact of buildings in China was established. This model can produce an integrated indicator for environmental impact, and consequently provides references for directing the sustainable building design.

蓄滞洪区安全建设工程水环境影响分析

蓄滞洪区是中国防洪体系重要组成部分,蓄滞洪区安全建设工程涉及范围广,建设内容包括多项点状和线性工程,工程实施可能对生态敏感区和饮用水水源保护区的水质产生不利影响。以鄱阳湖珠湖蓄滞洪区为例,采用湖泊推流衰减模型和湖泊完全混合模型,模拟施工期和运行期悬浮物和TP浓度变化及对水环境敏感目标的影响。结果表明:工程不利水环境影响主要产生在施工期,工程涉水施工造成悬浮物浓度超过背景值的扩散范围约300 m,TP浓度超背景值的扩散范围约210 m,对饮用水水源保护区水质有一定影响;运行期间,洪水淹没带入的污染物对珠湖水质产生影响,但珠湖水体总体能够达到Ⅲ类水质标准,蓄滞洪区的启用降低了超额洪水发生时的水环境风险。研究成果可为鄱阳湖蓄滞洪区安全建设工程水环境保护提供依据,为其他蓄滞洪区工程环保工作提供借鉴。

基于确定性的桥梁环境影响中点模型评价

为研究桥梁结构生命周期的环境影响,基于生命周期评价(LCA)方法选取了全球增温潜势(GWP)、初级能源消耗(PED)、非生物资源消耗潜值(ADP)、水资源消耗(WU)、酸化潜值(AP)富营养化潜值(EP)、可吸入无机物(RI)、消耗臭氧潜能值(ODP)、臭氧合成(POFP)等9类环境影响因素,建立基于确定性的桥梁全生命周期环境影响中点模型,并选取1座典型桥梁进行案例分析,研究桥梁在生命周期内基于中点模型的环境影响。结果表明:采用不同建材的桥梁环境影响差异较大,其中混凝土、钢材、沥青等3类建材环境影响最大;在桥梁各生命周期阶段对环境产生的影响不一,其中建筑材料的生产以及桥梁现场施工过程对环境影响最大,其他阶段环境影响相对较少。

Preventing the Immense Increase in the Life-Cycle Energy and Carbon Footprints of LLM-Powered Intelligent Chatbots

Intelligent chatbots powered by large language models(LLMs)have recently been sweeping the world,with potential for a wide variety of industrial applications.Global frontier technology companies are feverishly participating in LLM-powered chatbot design and development,providing several alternatives beyond the famous ChatGPT.However,training,fine-tuning,and updating such intelligent chatbots consume substantial amounts of electricity,resulting in significant carbon emissions.The research and development of all intelligent LLMs and software,hardware manufacturing(e.g.,graphics processing units and supercomputers),related data/operations management,and material recycling supporting chatbot services are associated with carbon emissions to varying extents.Attention should therefore be paid to the entire life-cycle energy and carbon footprints of LLM-powered intelligent chatbots in both the present and future in order to mitigate their climate change impact.In this work,we clarify and highlight the energy consumption and carbon emission implications of eight main phases throughout the life cycle of the development of such intelligent chatbots.Based on a life-cycle and interaction analysis of these phases,we propose a system-level solution with three strategic pathways to optimize the management of this industry and mitigate the related footprints.While anticipating the enormous potential of this advanced technology and its products,we make an appeal for a rethinking of the mitigation pathways and strategies of the life-cycle energy usage and carbon emissions of the LLM-powered intelligent chatbot industry and a reshaping of their energy and environmental implications at this early stage of development.

以学生为中心的教学改革探索与实践——以《环境影响评价》课程为例

以学生为中心的教学方式是新时代教育变革的基本理念,也是课程评价体系构建的基本要求。本文基于《环境影响评价》课程以学生为中心的教育思想入手,剖析了传统课程教学方式的不足,通过制定该门课程的预期学习目标及实现方法,优化教学内容,构建了课程教学+课程设计+项目引导与报告编制三阶段的教学方式,采取多元化、解决实际问题能力的考核方式,从而形成一套以学生为中心的课程教学改革体系。通过多年教学效果总结发现:以学生为中心的教学方式,能调动学生自主学习的积极性,提高学生解决实际问题的能力,极大提升学生综合素质。

基于LCA法评价铁尾矿资源化利用对环境的影响

为研究铁尾矿资源化利用所带来的环境影响,运用生命周期评价(LCA)法,基于终点损害模型对3种不同的铁尾矿资源化方案所产生的环境影响进行评价。对9种环境影响类型进行了评价,对气候变化、初级能源消耗、水资源消耗3种环境影响类型进行了灵敏度分析。研究结果表明:与传统方案相比,3种铁尾矿资源化利用方案均能降低对环境的影响程度。其中,方案1对气候变化影响最大的是CO_(2)的排放,方案2对初级能源消耗影响最大的是电力消耗,方案3对水资源消耗影响最大的为去离子水消耗。评估3种铁尾矿资源化利用的环境影响,为铁尾矿的高附加值利用提供理论依据。

双碳目标下辽宁省金融发展对碳减排的影响研究——基于辽宁省地级市十年数据的实证分析

当前,我国正处于经济转型升级的重要阶段,同时面临发展低碳经济、推动节能减排的国内外压力,如何平衡好经济社会发展和生态环境保护,是当今我国面临的现实挑战。金融发展被认为是现代经济发展的核心指标,因此需要厘清金融发展与碳排放的关系。基于2012—2021年辽宁省所有地级市的面板数据,本文建立环境影响评估模型改良下的多元回归模型,通过系统GMM模型分析,从金融机构贷款余额占GDP比重、城乡居民储蓄余额占GDP比重两个角度对金融发展水平进行测度,探讨辽宁省金融发展对碳排放的影响。实证研究表明:在控制了人均GDP和其他变量后,提升辽宁省地级市金融发展水平对碳减排起促进作用,但当前辽宁省处于环境库兹涅茨理论倒U型的初期阶段,即经济发展带来更高的碳排放,且并未进入碳排放下降的拐点,金融发展和经济发展还存在不同步等问题。因此,本文建议强化各地级市金融机构对地方经济的支撑作用,发展绿色金融,推动辽宁省区域信息共享与合作。

基于AERMOD模型的大气环境影响评价对项目的优化建议--以福建省某拟建生活垃圾焚烧发电项目为例

运用AERMOD模型预测不同地表类型、烟囱高度、烟气流速、排烟温度对大气环境影响变化规律,以期能为项目选址、设计提供优化建议。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用类型的各污染物网格点最大贡献浓度占标率依次为针叶林<落叶林<城市外围<农作物<草地;(2)烟气出口流速对大气污染物扩散影响很小(变幅<1%),烟囱高度、排烟温度对大气污染物扩散影响较大;(3)拟建项目推荐方案为选址在周边内3km为针叶林,烟囱高度为90m,烟气流速取10~20m/s,排烟温度在130~150℃之间。

合山市矿山地质环境影响评价研究

广西合山属于煤炭资源枯竭型城市,正在经历的市域经济转型与大规模城市建设,使得矿山地质环境影响评价成为一项基础性工作。将矿山地质环境影响评价划分为两个层次,即采矿活动对矿山地质环境影响评价和城市建设对地质环境的影响评价。选取矿山地质环境条件、矿山开采状况、矿山地质环境问题3个地质环境要素,地形地貌、植被覆盖率、岩土体工程特征、矿山分布密度、煤层倾斜角度、煤层采深采厚比、土地资源破坏强度、水资源破坏强度、地质灾害发育强度9个评价指标,首先应用模糊综合评价模型进行了第一层次的矿山地质环境影响评价,然后采用综合指数评价模型进行了第二层次的地质环境影响评价,结果显示,影响严重区、较严重区、一般区分别为62.87,118.84,175.99km2,各占市域面积的17.6%、33.2%、49.2%。评价结果可作为合山市矿山地质环境综合治理的重要依据。

运用GMS模型对某垃圾场地下水污染的研究

通过对洛阳市某垃圾场的环境地质条件调查和地下水污染监测,用综合污染指数和内梅罗污染指数法,评价了垃圾场对地下水的污染情况;运用GMS模型选择垃圾场的特征污染物对垃圾场周围土壤及地下水的污染现状进行了影响评价;并通过数值模拟计算进行污染预测,为垃圾场水土污染的防治提供了基础资料和科学依据。

岩溶地区垃圾填埋场的选址评价探讨

岩溶地区的垃圾填埋选址较为困难,现行的垃圾填埋场选址评价方法又存在较大局限。笔者等依据垃圾填埋场的建设宗旨和选址基本原则,结合岩溶地区的环境地质特点,探讨提出一套适用于岩溶地区的垃圾填埋场选址评价方法。通过实例应用表明,该方法可在现行较难选出垃圾填埋场的岩溶地区,优选出适宜性较好的未来垃圾填埋场,能够担当起解决岩溶地区的垃圾无害化、减量化填埋处置的难题和重任。

GIS在矿产资源规划环评中的应用

从矿产资源规划环评的现状出发,阐述了国内外环境影响评价方法。在对比分析了已有环境影响评价方法的基础上,提出了利用GIS(Geographic Information System)技术进行矿产资源规划环评的思路和技术框架,并围绕其中的关键技术,如空间信息存储、矢量数据图层的创建、缓冲区分区、栅格叠加与模型分析、距离制图等进行了详细的分析,并以江苏省矿产资源规划环境影响评价为例,验证了GIS应用思路和技术框架的可行性,其成果为矿产资源规划以及其它相关领域的规划环评提供了极有价值的参考。

我国终点型生命周期影响评价模型及基准值初步研究

为了开展生命周期影响评价方法的本地化研究工作,基于终点损害模型方法,通过文献查阅损害因子、核算人均基准值、问卷调研权重,构建了适用于我国的终点损害类生命周期影响评价模型.结果表明:①模型选取了致癌作用、细颗粒物形成、气候变化、水资源消耗、光化学臭氧形成、生态毒性、酸化、富营养化、土地利用、矿产资源、化石燃料11个环境影响类别,对应的终点损害类别为人体健康、生态系统、资源.②通过文献查阅获得了上述11个环境影响类别下污染物(或资源、能源)的损害因子.③以2017年为基准年,以我国为基准区域,核算了人体健康、生态系统和资源的人均基准值分别为0.019 DALY(disability adjusted life years,伤残调整寿命年)、6.08×10^(-5) species、2467.42 MJ.研究显示,构建的终点损害模型不仅可以通过归一化将不同污染物以及资源、能源消耗核算成一个数值来表征环境影响,还可以实现产品内、产品间的相互比较,识别对环境影响较大的环节,推动绿色发展.

模糊模式识别理论在规划环境影响评价中的应用

应用模糊模式识别理论对秦皇岛市生态城市规划的环境影响进行了初步评价,分析了该规划下各个环境主题对于环境影响的贡献.结果表明,秦皇岛市生态城市规划环境影响较小.为合理评价规划的环境可行性提供依据.

中国生命周期评价理论与实践研究进展及对策分析

主要分析了我国生命周期评价的理论与实践研究进展与数据库构建现状,针对当前我国生命周期评价理论与应用研究的关键薄弱环节即不确定性分析、本土化数据库构建、本土化生命周期环境影响评价模型构建,指出了利用泰勒系列展开模型进行符合我国产业链生产现状的精确、完整、具有代表性、具有时空动态特征的生命周期数据库构建的必要性;并指出需要根据我国国情(例如:环境、地理、人口、暴露等)来构建生命周期环境影响评价模型的紧迫性。