1990-2020年长三角地区生境质量与夜间灯光的空间关系

基于1990-2020年长三角地区的土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据,运用InVEST生境质量评估模型、双变量空间自相关、相关系数对生境质量与夜间灯光的时空关系进行研究,并应用地理加权回归和归纳法分析两者的响应规律,结果表明:(1)浙江省总体上生境最优且城镇发展最快,安徽省在城镇快速发展的同时生境相对下降最少,生境质量和夜间灯光空间分布格局呈现出与区位、地形等因素的空间耦合性。(2)长三角地区生境质量与夜间灯光指数随着时间的发展空间上的依赖性越来越强,聚类模式主要为高-低、低-高及低-低3种。高-低聚类区域主要分布在浙江省和安徽省的南部、西部的山地丘陵,研究期内呈现缩小的趋势;低-高聚类区域在长三角东部平原区呈集聚分布、北部平原丘陵区呈零散分布,呈现扩张趋势。(3)不同年份各省份生境质量与夜间灯光指数呈显著负相关,且经济越发达的省份,生境质量与夜间灯光指数的负相关关系越强;生境质量与夜间灯光指数呈高度负相关的区县主要分布在长江下游沿岸和浙江省东部,相关性不显著的区县主要分布在安徽省、江苏省的北部,变化类型以负相关关系持续增强型占比最高。(4)生境质量与夜间灯光指数的相关关系随着城市发展呈U型变化,即随着城市发展,生境质量与夜间灯光指数的负相关关系先增强后下降。研究结果可为长三角城市可持续发展、生境调控提供前期基础。

基于改进YOLOv7-tiny的高空作业人员安防装备检测算法

针对现有高空作业人员安防装备检测算法参数量较大且检测目标相对单一,难以适应复杂的高空作业场景等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv7-tiny的高空作业人员安防装备检测算法。首先,将主干网络重新设计为更轻量的YOLOv7-FasterNet,并调整空间金字塔池化结构,实现模型参数量的压缩;其次,在ELAN-L模块中扩展梯度传输路径的分支,解决了模型压缩造成的通道信息缺失问题,提升了特征信息的提取能力;最后,将网络中下采样部分替换为Involution模块,降低参数冗余,增强网络对全局的捕获能力。实验结果表明,改进的YOLOv7-tiny算法能够更好地适应复杂高空作业场景,在开源数据集上具备良好的性能。该算法的平均检测精度达到94.7%,较原模型提升1.5%,参数量较原模型下降11.6%,实验结果验证了算法改进措施的有效性。

基于ID-YOLO的数字仪表检测方法

当前针对数字式仪表检测算法在边缘设备具有实时性差、泛化性差的问题,对此提出一种采用ID-YOLO(instrument detection-you only look once)模型的变电站数字仪表检测识别方法。所提算法以YOLOv5模型为基础,首先设计轻量骨干网络(light weight-YOLO, LW-YOLO)提取图像特征,降低网络参数,提高检测实时性;然后设计了一种双级路由注意力模块(bi-level routing attention moudle, BRAM),提高网络对小数点的检测精度以及网络的鲁棒性和泛化性;最后,引入损失函数α-IoU,通过设定不同的可调节参数α数值得到更准确的真实框与预测框的交并比计算,可以提高模型的检测精度。结果表明:相比于其他基于深度学习的数字仪表检测识别方法,所提方法在不同显示方式的数字仪表识别任务上具有更好的准确性和泛化性,而且可以在检测准确率领先的情况下,将模型在边缘设备上的检测速度从6.87帧/s提升至8.77帧/s,其实时性和检测精度均能够满足实际变电站智能数据采集、检测识别的工程需要。

Light-Weight Design Method for Force-Performance-Structure of Complex Structural Part Based Co-operative Optimization

A light?weight design method of integrated structural topology and size co?optimization for the force?performance?structure of complex structural parts is presented in this paper. Firstly, the supporting function of a complex structural part is built to map the force transmission, where the force exerted areas and constraints are considered as connecting structure and the structural configuration, to determine the part performance as well as the force routines. Then the connecting structure design model, aiming to optimize the static and dynamic performances on connection configuration, is developed, and the optimum design of the characteristic parameters is carried out by means of the collaborative optimization method, namely, the integrated structural topology optimization and size optimization. In this design model, the objective is to maximize the connecting stiffness. Based on the relationship between the force and the structural configuration of a part, the optimal force transmission routine that can meet the performance requirements is obtained using the structural topology optimization technology. Accordingly, the light?weight design of conceptual configuration for complex parts under multi?objective and multi?condition can be realized. Finally, based on the proposed collaborative optimization design method, the optimal performance and optimal structure of the complex parts with light weight are realized, and the reasonable structural unit configuration and size charac?teristic parameters are obtained. A bed structure of gantry?type machining center is designed by using the proposed light?weight structure design method in this paper, as an illustrative example. The bed after the design optimization is lighter 8% than original one, and the rail deformation is reduced by 5%. Moreover, the lightweight design of the bed is achieved with enhanced performance to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Comparison of Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Light Weight Wool and Wool Blend Fabrics using the KES-F and FAST Instruments

This study compares the test results of the FAST (Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing) with those of the KES - F (Kawabata Evaluation Systems for Fabrics) for a range of nineteen light weight wool and wool blend fabrics in terms of the low - stress mechanical properties of bending, shear, and tensile deformation. It is found that there are very significant correlations between the corresponding parameters for extensibility and shear rigidity obtained from the test results of the two systems. The correlation between the values of bending rigidity obtained from the two systems is only moderate. Furthermore, for the fabrics tested in this study, the values of bending rigidity, shear rigidity, and extensibility measured using the KES - F instruments are higher than those of the corresponding parameters measured using the FAST instruments. The linear regression equation is given for each pair of corresponding parameter.

基于YOLOv8改进的密集行人检测算法:MER-YOLO

在大型人员密集的场所中,人群异常聚集情况时有发生,对自动驾驶和大型公共场所人流量监控系统等应用场景中涉及到的密集行人检测技术带来了一定挑战,新一代的密集行人检测技术要求精确度更高、计算开销更小、检测速度更快以及部署更加方便等。针对上述需求,提出了一种基于YOLOv8改进的轻量级密集行人检测算法MER-YOLO,首先采用MobileViT作为主干网络,提升模型在总体上对行人聚集区域的特征提取能力;引入EMA注意力机制模块,对全局信息进行编码,通过维度交互来进一步聚合像素级特征,并结合160×160尺度的检测头加强小目标检测能力;使用排斥损失(Repulsion Loss)作为边界框损失函数,减少了人群密集情况下小目标行人的漏检误检的情况。实验结果表明,相较于YOLOv8n,MER-YOLO行人检测算法在Crowd Human数据集上mAP@0.5提升了4.5%,在WiderPerson数据集上mAP@0.5提升了2.1%,同时只有3.1×10^(6)的参数量和9.8 GFLOPs,满足低算力兼顾高精度的部署需求。

Long-Term Continuous Light Exposure Affects Body Weight and Blood Glucose Associated with Inflammation in Female Rats

Studies have indicated that night lights interfere with the circadian rhythm in the human body and threaten human health. Our previous studies indicated that continuous light exposure severely damages the reproductive endocrine system of female rats resembles polycystic ovary syndrome in women. In this study, we used the continuous measurement method to observe changes in the basal physiological indicators of female rats in an abnormal light exposure environment. Our study results indicated that in female rats: 1) the body temperature first continuously and gradually increased followed by a gradually decrease;2) the increase in body weight slowed down at the late stage of the experimental process;3) the random blood glucose level increased, and the fasting serum insulin level decreased;and 4) the serum C-reactive protein level increased. Our study investigated for the first time the correlation between the duration of continuous light exposure in female rats and the continuously measured basal physiological indicators and preliminarily discussed the effect of continuous light exposure on female basal metabolism and the possible inflammation mechanism. We propose that long-term continuous exposure to night lights in females severely damages their immune and metabolic systems.

基于改进U-Net的轻量级输电线分割算法

为了提高输电线路的巡检效率,保证输电线的分割精度和速度,本文提出基于改进U-Net的轻量级网络GU-Net。首先,以U-Net网络为基础,在编码器部分引入轻量化主干提取网络Ghost-Net;然后采用双线性插值方法完成上采样,并利用深度可分离卷积代替部分普通卷积;最后在训练过程引入多损失函数以解决输电线和背景像素占比不平衡问题,并采用迁移学习策略训练模型。在E-Wire输电线数据集上测试,GU-Net网络的MIoU和F1-score分别为80.04%和87.77%,与现有的轻量化输电线语义分割网络Wire-Detection相比分别提升了4.26%和2.96%,且分割速度几乎没有损失,参数量约是它的20%。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法能够实现快速高效、轻量化地分割出复杂图像中的输电线。

Light weight analysis of a skeleton vehicle frame using BS960 super-high-strength steel

Static strength finite element analysis was conducted to decrease the weight of a skeleton vehicle＇s frame. Results indicated that the maximum stress occurs on the front beam ＇s variable section area. Dynamic sensitivity analysis elucidated the relationship between the maximum stress and the thickness of a particular beam,e. g.,top,middle,and bottom beam. Displacement was analyzed by the key part that influenced the maximum stress. Finally,the new plan using BS960 super-high-strength beam steel and the preferred beam thickness was compared with the original plan. New combinations of beam thickness were introduced on the basis of different purposes; the maximum responding light w eight ratio was 21%.

Preparation of Light-weight Spinel Refractories by Foaming-gel Process

Light-weight magnesium -aluminate spinel materi- als were prepared by foaming-gel process with polyalumi- nium chloride （PAC） as gel. Effect of solid loading in initial slurry on microstructure, porosity, pore size distri- bution, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties was investigated. The results show that the bulk density of the light-weight magnesium -aluminate spinel mate- rials is in the range of O. 7 1.2 g cm-3 ; pore size distribution curves show single-peak characteristics and the mean pore size is in the range of 30. 83 - 61.37 μm ; with the increase of solid loading, the linear shrinkage of the green body during firing and the permanent change in dimensions on heating at l 600 ℃ for 3 h de- crease, but the bulk density increases, the mechanical properties increase obviously; the maximum compressive strength and bending strength reach 35. 25 MPa and 9. 92 MPa, respectively, while the bulk density is 1. 16 g · cm ; and the thermal conductivity at 1 000 ℃ tea- ches 0. 371 W · m-1 . K-1 while the bulk density is O. 7 -3 g · cm

基于Bi-LSTM神经网络的室内可见光定位方法

双向长短时记忆(Bi-LSTM)神经网络由于超参数众多,难以获得最优系统模型。同时,考虑到灰狼优化(GWO)算法可能过早收敛的情况,提出了一种采用GWO结合粒子群(GWO-PSO)算法优化Bi-LSTM神经网络的单灯定位方法。通过优化网络中的学习率、隐藏神经元个数等超参数,提高系统的稳定性和定位精度。最后,采用加权K邻近(WKNN)算法对误差较大的点进行优化,以获得更精确的定位位置。仿真结果表明,在3 m×3.6 m×3 m的室内环境中,所提定位方法的平均定位误差为3.57 cm,其中90%的定位误差在6 cm内。

基于CFAR-CNN的轻量级海上目标检测

针对海防雷达分辨率低、实时性要求高及传统CFAR算法难以满足日益精细的现代化战争需求的问题。本文将传统的CA-CFAR算法融入到计算机视觉的两阶段目标检测框架中,形成了一种轻量、高效的雷达实时目标检测算法。首先使用低门限CFAR(Lo-CFAR)来判断诸多潜在目标的真实位置或虚警位置。然后,根据点迹位置信息和雷达回波距离-方位图做数据切片。最后,采用高性能分类器对数据切片进行训练。实测数值实验表明:与传统CFAR,Faster R-CNN算法相比,所提方法在提高检测概率、抑制虚警和轻量时效性方面有显著优势。

Principles and Chief Technologies in Developing Light-weighted Worsted Fabrics

More and more light-weighted fabrics are being required by the market, especially for the worsted manufacture.In the past, such fabrics are produced mainly through changing the structure of woven goods or by using finer yarns. But these possibilities are very limited. In this paper, new devices are discussed: (1) on the yarn level- to use single yarns instead of conventional doubled ones, to decrease number of fibers in yarn cross sections beth during spinning and after finishing; (2) on the fiber level - to use finer fibers in blends with wool and modification of the wool fibers; (3) on the macromolecule level - to stretch the macromolecules in alpha keratin, to get super fine wool fibers.

Effect of Commercial Synthappret BAP Treatment on the Tailorability of Light-Weight Worsted Wool Fabrics

By means of measurement with the FAST instruments,the effect of commercial Synthappret BAP treatment on the tailorability of light-weight wool worsted fabrics has been investigated. It was found that the commercial Synthappret BAP treatment improved the tailorability of the light-weight wool fabrics mainly by increasing the bending stiffness of the light-weight wool fabrics.

Ultra-thin and light-weight spoof surface plasmon polariton coupler achieved by broadside coupled split ring resonators

Low profile and light weight are very important for practical applications of a spoof surface plasmon polariton（SSPP）coupler, especially at low frequencies. In this paper, we propose and design an ultra-thin, light-weight SSPP coupler based on broadside coupled split ring resonators（BC-SRRs）. The size of BC-SRR can be far less than λ/100 and can extremely well control the reflective phases within a subwavelength thickness. Due to the broadside capacitive coupling, the electrical size of BC-SRR is dramatically reduced to guarantee the ultra-thin thickness of the SSPP coupler. The weight of the SSPP coupler is reduced by a low occupation ratio of BC-SRR in the unit cell volume. As an example, a C-band SSPP coupler composed of phase gradient BC-SRRs is designed, fabricated, and measured. Due to the ultra-small size and low occupation ratio of BC-SRRs, the thickness of the coupler is λ/12 and the surface density is only 0.98 kg/m^2. Both simulation and experiment results verify that the coupler can achieve high-efficiency SPP coupling at 5.27 GHz under normal incidence.

Prickle of Light-Weight Worsted Woven Wool Fabrics

Using the forearm test, the prickle of 26 commercially available light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics and 7 other fiber fabrics were studied under (24±1)℃ temperature and (65±5)% RH conditions. The surface fiber diameter of part of the wool fabrics was measured using a microscope. It was found that most of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics gave a prickle sensation under the above conditions. The prickle sensation was significantly correlated with the mean fiber diameter of the surface hairiness. It was also found that the prickle of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics was significantly correlated with the number of surface fibers which were coarser than 26 μm diameter.

Effects of Spherical Light-weight Aggregates Additions on Workability and Mechanical Properties of Al_2O_3-SiO_2 System Castables

In order to clarify the effect of spherical light-weight aggregates addition on properties of A12 07 - Si02 system castables, adopting ATO mullite traditional light-weight aggregates and ATO mullite spherical light-weight aggre- gates, bauxite homogenization powder, microsilica , cal- cium aluminate cement as main raw materials, light- weight Al2 03 - SiO2 system castables were prepared by replacing conventional light-weight aggregate with spherical light-weight aggregates. The effects of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates addition on workability, me- chanical properties of castables after heated at different temperatures were researched; the microstructure of the aggregates was analyzed by SEM. The result shows that the introduction of spherical light-weight aggregates can significantly improve the flowability and reduce the water addition of the castables. Water demand of the castable is reduced from 18% with the conventional light-weight aggregates to 14% with spherical light-weight aggre- gates. In addition, light-weight castables prepared by spherical aggregates can keep the same workability with- in a wider range of water addition. Therefore, spherical aggregates are user-friendly. The introduction of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates is favorable to packing densi- ty and mechanical properties of castables, such as cold crushing strength, cold modulus of rupture, hot modulus of rupture at 1 200℃.

A Study of Thermal Response and Flow Field Coupling Simulation around Hayabusa Capsule Loaded with Light-Weight Ablator

The numerical simulation of flow field around Hayabusa capsule loaded with light-weight ablator thermal response coupled with pyrolysis gas flow inside the ablator was carried out. In addition, the radiation from high temperature gas around the capsule was coupled with flow field. Hayabusa capsule reentered the atmosphere about 12 km/sec in velocity and Mach number about 30. During such an atmospheric entry, space vehicle is exposed to very savior aerodynamic heating due to convection and radiation. In this study, Hayabusa capsule was treated as a typical model of the atmospheric entry spacecraft. The light-weight ablator had porous structure, and permeability was an important parameter to analyze flow inside ablator. In this study, permeability was a variable parameter dependent on density of ablator. It is found that the effect of permeability of light-weight ablator was important with this analysis.

Development of Light Weight Structures to Provide Blast-Resistant Designs

In the past, blast-resistant designs for structures were often constructed with massive type structural systems, which relied more on brute strength than on finesse to achieve the required blast resistance. However, structures composed of COLD-FORMED steel components, such as sheet metal and metal studs, have shown great promise in providing blast resistance with the added benefits of low cost and ease of construction. Some examples of using such structures to provide containment for package handling facilities (PHF) are described in the paper for situations where blast containment is needed, such as a potential package bomb being discovered during the package vetting process. Results from tests and analytic data are used to illustrate aspects of design peculiar to such types of applications. Designs for specific capacities of PHF are described.

低Al含量Fe-C-Si-Mn轻量化高强钢的微观组织与力学性能研究

从工业化应用角度出发,本文设计了两种不同Al含量(分别为1%和2%)的Fe-C-Si-Mn轻量化高强钢,研究了奥氏体化温度对钢微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加一定量Al元素后,钢密度相较于普通碳素钢有所降低。Al含量为1.0%时,钢经淬火-回火处理后组织为回火马氏体板条,当奥氏体化温度为1050℃时,钢的综合力学性能最佳,其性能较锻态钢有显著提升。而当Al含量为2.0%时,不同奥氏体化温度热处理后钢组织为回火马氏体板条+铁素体,力学性能较锻压态无明显改善,表明2.0%Al钢不宜进行淬火-回火热处理。