Relationship between light and heavy fractions of organic matter for several agricultural soils in China

Although numerous studies about the nature and turnover of soil organic matter（SOM） in light and heavy fractions（ LFOM and HFQM, respectively） have been made, little information is available in relation to the relationship between LFQM and HFOM, and no attempts have been made to quantify a general relationship between LFQM and HFQM for agricultural soils under field condition. Qur hypothesis is there may be an inherent relationship between LFQM and HFQM for agricultural soils under certain unaltered management practices for a long period, to this end, we therefore studied typically soils taken from different parts in China by using a simple density fractionation procedure. The results indicated that LFQM was positively correlated with LFOM/HFOM ratio for three typical soils. This information will be of particular use not only in deepening our understanding of the dynamics of SQM fractions but also in evaluating the potential of agricultural soils to sequestrate C under different management practices in a long term.

Soil Organic Matter Fractions under Different Vegetation Types in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, North of Kunlun Mountains, China

As a key attribute of soil quality, soil organic matter(SOM) and its different fractions play an important role in regulating soil nutrient cycling and soil properties.This study evaluated the soil carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) concentrations in different SOM fractions(light– and heavy fractions,microbial biomass) under different vegetation types and analyzed their influencing factors in continuous permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in the North of Kunlun Mountains, China.Soil samples were collected in pits under four vegetation types — Alpine swamp meadow(ASM), Alpine meadow(AM), Alpine steppe(AS) and Alpine desert(AD) — at the depth of 0-50 cm.The vegetation coverage was the highest at ASM and AM, followed byAS and AD.The results indicated that the concentrations of light fraction carbon(LFC) and nitrogen(LFN), and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and nitrogen(MBN) decreased as follows: ASM > AM >AS > AD, with the relatively stronger decrease of LFC,whereas the heavy fraction carbon(HFC) and nitrogen(HFN) concentrations were lower in AS soils than in the AD soils.The relatively higher proportions of LFC/SOC and MBC/SOC in the 0-10 cm depth under the ASM soils are mainly resulted from its higher substrate input and soil moisture content.Correlation analysis demonstrated that aboveground biomass, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) positively correlated to LFC, LFN, HFC, HFN, MBC and MBN, while p H negatively correlated to LFC, LFN, HFC, HFN, MBC and MBN.There was no relationship between active layer thickness and SOM fractions, except for the LFC.Results suggested that vegetation cover, soil moisture content, and SOC and TN concentrations were significantly correlated with the amount and availability of SOM fractions, while permafrost had less impact on SOM fractions in permafrost regions of the central Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.

Deadwood affects the soil organic matter fractions and enzyme activity of soils in altitude gradient of temperate forests

The main objective of our study has been to determine the role of deadwood in the shaping of the amount of soil organic matter fractions in mountain forest soils.For this purpose,a climosequence approach comprising north(N)and south(S)exposure along the altitudinal gradient(600,800,1000 and 1200 m a.s.l.)was set up.By comparing the properties of decomposing deadwood and those of the soils located directly beneath the decaying wood we drew conclusions about the role of deadwood in the shaping of soil organic matter fractions and soil carbon storage in different climate conditions.The basic properties,enzymatic activity and fractions of soil organic matter(SOM)were determined in deadwood and affected directly by the components released from decaying wood.Heavily decomposed deadwood impacts soil organic matter stabilization more strongly than the less decayed deadwood and the light fraction of SOM is more sensitive to deadwood effects than the heavy fraction regardless of the location in the altitude gradient.Increase in SOM mineral-associated fraction C content is more pronounced in soils under the influence of deadwood located in lower locations of warmer exposure.Nutrients released from decaying wood stimulate the enzymatic activity of soils that are within the range of deadwood influence.

Soil Aggregates, Organic Matter, and Labile C and N Fractions after 37 Years of N, P and K Applications to an Irrigated Subtropical Soil under Maize-Wheat Rotation

Abstract： Physical, chemical and biological soil properties in surface （0-5 cm） and subsurface soil （5-15 cm） were determined in a field experiment conducted with seven treatments consisted of different combinations of fertilizer N （0, 100 and 200 kg N ha^-1）, P （0, 22 and 44 kg P2O5 ha^-1） and K （0, 41 and 82 kg K2O ha^-1） applied both to summer-grown maize （Zea mays L.） and winter-grown wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） crops continuously for 37 years under irrigated subtropical conditions. Application of N, P and K significantly increased water stable aggregates and had profound effects in increasing the mean weight diameter as well as the formation of macro-aggregates, which were highest in both surface （81%） and subsurface （74%） soil layers with application of 100 kg N ＋ 22 kg P2O5 ＋ 41 kg K2O ha^-1 （N100P22K41）. The N100P22K41 treatment also enhanced total organic C （TOC） from 4.4 g kg^-1 in no-NPK control to 4.8 g kg^-1in surface layer and from 3.3 to 4.1 g kg1 in subsurface layer leading to the 20% higher TOC stocks in 0-15 cm soil. The labile C and N fractions such as water soluble C, particulate and light fraction organic matter, potentially mineralizable N and microbial biomass were also highest under the optimized balanced application of N100P22K41. Relatively higher increase in all labile fractions of C and N as proportion of TOC and total N, respectively suggested that these are potential indicators to reflect changes in management practices long before changes in TOC and TN are detectable. These results demonstrated that optimized balanced application of N, P and K is crucial for improving soil health ensuring long-term sustainability of farming systems in semiarid subtropical soils.

Effect of fire intensity on active organic and total soil carbon in a Larix gmelinii forest in the Daxing'anling Mountains,Northeastern China

Studying contents and seasonal dynamics of active organic carbon in the soil is an important method for revealing the turnover and regulation mechanism of soil carbon pool. Through 3 years of field sampling and lab analysis, we studied the seasonal variations, content differences, and interrelationships of total organic carbon （TOC）, light fraction organic carbon （LFOC）, and particulate organic carbon （POC） of the soil in the forest areas burned with different fire intensities in the Daxing＇anling Mountains. The mean TOC content in the low-intensity burned area was greater than that in the unburned area, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity burned areas in June and November （P 〈 0.05）. LFOC and POC in the low-intensity burned area were greater than that in either moderate-intensity or high-intensity burned areas, with significant differences in LFOC in September and November （P 〈 0.05）. A significant difference in LFOC between the unburned and burned areas was only found in July （P 〈 0.05）. However, the differences in POC between the unburned and burned areas were not significant in all the whole seasons （P 〉 0.05）. Soil LFOC and POC varied significantly with the seasons （P 〈 0.05） in the Daxing＇anling Mountains. Significant linear relationships were observed between soil TOC, LFOC, and POC, which were positively correlated with soil nitrogen and negatively correlated with soil temperature in the Daxing＇anling Mountains.

Molecular composition and structure of organic matter in density fractions of soils amended with corn straw for five years

Corn straw is an important source of carbon(C),and when applied to soil,it alters the accumulation and distribution of organic C.However,the mechanistic pathways by which newly added C is stored and stabilized in soil remain a subject of interest and debate among scholars.In this study,we investigated the chemistry of organic matter in different density fractions of Haplic Cambisol(sandy clay loam)in a field experiment with corn straw at8900 kg ha^(-1)year^(-1)under no tillage(NT),minimum tillage(MT),and conventional tillage(CT).After five years of corn(Zea mays L.)monocropping,soils were collected from the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths and processed to obtain the organic matter in light fraction(LFOM),occluded particulate(oPOM),and heavy fraction(HFOM)in the order.The results showed that compared with conventional tillage without corn straw return(CT0),corn straw return(i.e.,NT,MT,and CT)increased soil organic C content by 11.55%-16.58%.Thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infrared analyses demonstrated that the HFOM was characterized by a greater proportion of easily biodegradable substances,which may be due to the deposition of microbially processed materials on the surface of soil minerals.The LFOM and o POM were distinguished by greater phenolic,aromatic C,and thermally stable compounds.Compared with CT0,the NT and MT fields showed higher abundances of hydrophobic,aliphatic,and thermally unstable organic compounds,which increased soil C content and stability in the HFOM.Therefore,NT and MT may be ideal practices to increase soil organic C content.

土壤活性有机质及其与土壤质量的关系

活性有机质是土壤的重要组成部分 ,主要包括溶解性有机碳、微生物生物量、轻组有机质。它在土壤中具有重要作用 :(1)可以表征土壤物质循环特征、评价土壤质量 ,可以作为土壤潜在生产力以及由土壤管理措施引起土壤有机质变化的早期指标 ;(2 )在养分周转中起重要作用 ,是植物的养分库 ,可以提供植物所需要的养分如氮、磷、硫等 ;(3)能稳定土壤结构 ,对维持团粒结构稳定性有重要作用。从土壤养分、土壤物理、化学性质方面讨论了活性有机质与土壤质量的关系。土壤中的溶解性有机碳、微生物生物量碳氮含量与土壤有机碳、全氮和碱解氮等物质的含量呈正相关。活性有机质受土壤质地、含水量、温度等因素影响 ,与土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换量等也有关。土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物量 C/有机碳比与土壤粘粒、粉粒含量呈正相关。

杭州湾湿地不同植被类型下土壤有机碳及其组分分布特征

土壤有机碳及其活性组分能够敏感地反映土壤碳库的变化。调查采集杭州湾自然滩涂湿地土壤样品（0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm），比较分析芦苇、互花米草、海三棱藨草、裸滩的土壤有机碳（SOC）、水溶性有机碳（DOC）、易氧化碳（ROC）和轻组有机质（LFOM）的变化。结果表明：（1）0~30 cm各土层，芦苇、互花米草、海三棱藨草和裸滩的SOC平均含量依次为3.87~5.08 g kg-1，6.46~6.78 g kg-1，4.33~4.48 g kg-1和4.99~5.25 g kg-1，互花米草SOC含量高于相同土层的其他类型；（2）互花米草DOC和LFOM平均含量分别为90.69~98.90 mg kg-1，2.35~2.95 g kg-1，高于相同土层的海三棱藨草、芦苇和裸滩，而裸滩ROC含量（2.06~2.22 g kg-1）却高于相同土层的其他三种类型；（3）芦苇、互花米草和海三棱藨草DOC占土壤有机碳的分配比例无显著性差异，而相同土层的DOC占土壤有机碳的分配比例大小依次为裸滩〉海三棱藨草〉芦苇〉互花米草；（4） SOC和DOC、ROC、LFOM、全氮（TN）、土壤含水量、pH之间均存在极显著关系（p〈0.01），各指标与pH之间均表现为负相关性。研究表明互花米草的入侵增强了滩涂湿地的固碳能力，有机碳活性组分能够反映有机碳库的变化。

退化红壤植被恢复后土壤轻组有机质的季节动态

以次生林为对照,研究了福建省长汀县河田镇侵蚀退化红壤及其恢复为马尾松林、板栗园和百喜草地后土壤轻组有机质的季节变化.结果表明:侵蚀裸地表层土壤轻组有机质含量在0.05～0.14g.kg-1,无明显的季节变化;恢复的马尾松林、板栗园和百喜草地表层土壤轻组有机质含量季节变化明显,其中冬春季节比夏季高58%～122%.夏季恢复植被下的土壤轻组有机质C含量和C/N均较低,而轻组有机质N含量较高,表明夏季高温、高湿的气候条件导致轻组有机质快速分解.次生林轻组有机质的季节变化趋势与恢复的生态系统基本一致,但波动幅度较小,5～10cm土层轻组有机质含量无明显的季节差异.土壤轻组有机质的季节动态还受小生境和植被类型的影响,与林地相比,百喜草地土壤轻组有机质数量波动幅度较高.建议采用多次取样或者综合气候、植被和经营措施等因素确定合适的取样时间,以提高轻组有机质的观测精度.

不同经营类型毛竹林土壤活性有机碳的差异

以起始于1984年的长期不同经营类型毛竹林为研究对象,探讨了秋季毛竹林集约经营后土壤有机碳库的变化。结果表明:(1)集约经营后0—10 cm土层毛竹林土壤总有机碳、易氧化碳、水溶性有机碳和轻组有机质含量分别下降了8.64%,14.11%,8.29%,29.70%(0—20 cm),差异均达到显著水平。(2)两种毛竹林土壤各种碳的剖面特征均随土层深度的增加而呈下降趋势,但下降幅度不同。集约经营在一定程度上影响了毛竹土壤易氧化碳、水溶性有机碳的剖面特征。(3)土壤各活性有机碳之间,土壤总有机碳、易氧化碳、水溶性有机碳与土壤全氮、水解氮、速效K、Ca、Mg之间相关性均达到显著或极显著水平(水溶性有机碳与速效磷相关性不显著),轻组有机质含量除与速效钙极显著相关外,与其它土壤养分之间相关性均不显著。(4)集约经营降低了土壤易氧化碳碳素有效率、水溶性有机碳碳素有效率及土壤碳库活度,并在土壤剖面部分土层达到显著水平。因此,集约经营的毛竹林,通过配施恰当比例的有机无机肥,结合土壤垦复、除草、合理的竹株留养和采伐等综合竹林经营技术,以达到改善土壤质量和实现毛竹林可持续经营的目的。

土壤轻组有机质研究进展

土壤有机质在碳和氮循环及维持土壤生产力等方面具有重要作用,利用密度分组技术可将土壤有机质分成轻组和重组.轻组密度一般<2.0 g.cm-3,通常用密度浮选法分离得到,早期分离轻组的重液是有机溶剂,目前多用水溶性无机盐,结合密度和颗粒大小的分离技术在近年来得到迅速发展.轻组主要由可识别的不同分解阶段的植物残体组成,还包括孢子、种子、动物残体、微生物的残骸以及一些吸附在碎屑上的矿质颗粒.土壤轻组仅占土壤质量的一小部分,但轻组的碳含量一般显著高于全土.轻组物质的碳氮比高,周转速度快,是易变有机碳的良好指标.土壤轻组一般具有明显的季节变化,并大部分聚集在土壤表层,随土层深度的增加而下降.土壤轻组主要受残留物输入的时间、数量、组成以及环境因素的影响,同时轻组对耕作经营措施、作物轮作制度、土地利用、施肥等变化的响应非常敏感.密度分组与颗粒大小分组技术的结合是今后研究轻组的主要技术手段,土地利用和经营管理的变化对土壤轻组数量和性质的时空动态影响是未来的主要研究方向.

不同有机肥输入量对黑土密度分组中碳、氮分配的影响

为阐明不同有机肥施用量对黑土密度组分中碳、氮分配特征的影响,探讨合理调控土壤质量的施肥模式。以黑龙江省海伦国家野外科学观测研究站上进行了10年的田间定位试验土壤为研究对象,采用密度分组和腐殖质化学分组相结合的方法,探讨和分析不同有机肥施用量下土壤各密度组分中有机碳、氮的消长变化以及重组中腐殖物质的组成特征。结果表明:与试验初期相比,经过10年单施化肥处理,土壤总有机碳和全氮、各密度组分中有机碳氮以及腐殖物质各组分的含量均显著下降,而有机无机配施能够提升土壤总有机碳和全氮的含量水平,改善密度组分中有机碳氮的分配特征,土壤总有机碳、全氮和各密度组分中有机碳氮对不同有机肥施用量的响应有所差异。随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤总有机碳和全氮的含量呈逐渐升高的趋势,二者与有机肥施用量之间达到极显著的线性相关(P<0.01);低量有机肥(7.5,15t/(hm2.a))配施化肥仅增加了土壤游离态轻组有机碳、氮的含量,并未造成闭蓄态轻组和重组中有机碳、氮的积累,而高量有机肥(22.5t/(hm2.a))配施化肥后,促进了土壤各密度组分中有机碳、氮的形成和积累;此外,低量有机肥有利于土壤富里酸的积累,高量有机肥有助于胡敏酸和胡敏素的积累,从而提高了土壤有机质的腐殖化程度,增强了土壤有机质的稳定性。在东北黑土区,加大有机肥的施用量是提高土壤肥力和土壤固碳能力的有效途径。

川西沿海拔梯度典型植被类型土壤活性有机碳分布

研究土壤活性有机碳含量及分配比例是揭示土壤碳库周转及调控机理的重要途径,通过利用高锰酸钾氧化法获得易氧化有机碳、湿筛法获得颗粒有机碳和密度分离法获得轻组有机碳3项指标探讨沿海拔梯度不同植被类型间(山地常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、暗针叶林)土壤活性有机碳含量差异及调控因子,结果表明:随土层加深,土壤颗粒和轻组有机碳含量及分配比例均降低,土壤易氧化有机碳含量降低而分配比例保持较稳定水平。高海拔植被类型具有较高的土壤活性有机碳含量和分配比例。不同活性有机碳含量之间均呈显著线性相关(P<0.05)表明活性有机碳起源的类似。活性有机碳与土壤粘粒+粉粒含量百分比呈显著负相关(P<0.05)表明活性有机碳趋向分布于土壤大团聚体当中。年均温与不同植被类型间表层土壤活性有机碳含量和分配比例成负相关趋势,但可能由于取样点较少的缘故而在统计上不显著。年均温与土壤非保护性有机碳向保护性有机碳的转化速率常数(K)接近于显著负相关(P=0.062)。

放牧与围封对沙漠化草地土壤轻组及全土碳氮储量的影响

测定分析了长期放牧与围封对科尔沁沙漠化草地土壤轻组及全土碳氮储量的影响。结果表明:(1)围封与长期放牧草地0-100 cm土壤轻组有机质占土壤质量的比例分别为0.148%和0.053%,围封比放牧增加181%;土壤轻组含量与全土有机碳和氮含量存在极为显著的线性正相关关系;(2)围封草地0-100 cm土壤轻组碳和氮储量分别为271.38,20.36 g/m2,比长期放牧分别增加130%和164%;围封草地全土碳和氮储量分别为1 155.86,125.99 g/m2,比长期放牧分别增加58%和24%;(3)轻组有机碳和氮占全土有机碳和氮储量的比例,围封分别为23.48%和16.16%,放牧分别为16.05%和7.59%;(4)围封恢复对轻组有机质的影响主要发生在表层土壤,围封0-10 cm层土壤轻组含量比长期放牧增加537%,10-20 cm层增加216%,但20 cm深度以下两个样地间无统计学上的显著差异。

杭州湾南岸不同围垦年限农田土壤有机碳及其活性组分变化

采集杭州湾南岸围垦农田土壤样品(0-10,10-20,20-30,30-40,40-50cm),分析不同围垦时期(10,40,60,120a以上)农田土壤有机碳、水溶性有机碳、易氧化碳和轻组有机质的变化特征。结果表明:各有机碳活性组分变化规律总体上与土壤有机碳相近但亦有不同之处。随围垦时间增加,土壤有机碳及其活性组分呈增加趋势,但围垦40a以上,其含量均趋于相对稳定水平;其中0-10cm土层,土壤有机碳、水溶性有机碳、易氧化碳和轻组有机质含量增幅依次为40.43%,14.23%,25.47%,13.68%。土壤有机碳及其活性组分含量主要分布在0-20cm土层,但水溶性有机碳略有差别。水溶性有机碳分配比例随围垦年限增加而减小,易氧化碳则相反。土壤有机碳与其活性组分之间均显著正相关,各组分与土壤全氮、土壤含水量呈显著正相关。综上表明,随围垦年限延长土壤有机碳含量增加但其稳定性有所下降,有机碳活性组分能够敏感地反映土壤有机碳动态特征。

不同生态类型富营养化湖泊沉积物中有机质赋存形态

以藻型湖泊(太湖)、草藻型湖泊(南四湖)、草型湖泊(白洋淀)湖泊沉积物为研究对象,采集了11个表层沉积物样品,测定沉积物中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量并利用物理分组方法,研究了3种不同生态型湖及同一湖泊不同区域沉积物中总有机质(OM)、轻组有机质(LFOM)和重组有机质(HFOM)的赋存特征.结果表明,南四湖沉积物中总氮、总磷和总有机质含量显著高于太湖和白洋淀;尽管太湖、南四湖和白洋淀沉积物中总有机质含量较高,但是轻组有机质(LFOM)含量较低,分别占总有机质的0.95%—1.08%、0.21%—1.37%和1.4%—1.78%;重组有机质(HFOM)含量较高,分别占总有机质的83.83%—87.4%、94%—98.98%和88.2%—98.3%,表明3种不同生态型湖泊沉积物中所含有机质绝大部分为难分解的重组有机质,轻组有机质基本矿化分解.相关性分析表明,轻组有机质(LFOM)、重组有机质(HFOM)与总有机质(OM)之间均呈现显著正相关关系.

引黄灌淤耕作对剖面土壤有机质组分构成的影响

土壤有机质组分构成是影响土壤有机碳库稳定性最直接的原因。为研究灌溉耕作对不同组分土壤有机质含量变化产生的影响,以宁夏引黄灌区为研究对象,通过密度分组方法,测定并分析土壤轻组和重组有机碳含量的变化。结果表明,经过不同时间的引黄灌溉耕作后,土壤轻组和重组有机质含量增加,但是不同组分,其变化量之间存在差异。在剖面深度上,土壤轻组和重组有机质含量及其增加量均随土层深度的增加而降低,表层土壤轻组和重组有机质增加最显著,土壤有机质组分含量的变化受土壤类型的影响明显。与未受灌溉耕作影响的自然土壤相比,灌溉土壤0~60 cm深度内轻组有机质与总有机质间的相关性增强,而且这种相关性随土层深度增加而减弱;自然土壤和灌溉土壤剖面各层次重组有机质与总有机质间均有极强的相关性,说明重组有机质是土壤有机质最为重要的组分,但轻组有机质对灌溉耕作的响应更加敏感,重组有机质较轻组有机质具有更好的固碳效果。

北亚热带地区退化灌木林改造为人工阔叶林后土壤活性碳库的变化

以我国北亚热带地区退化灌木林改造11 a后形成的木荷-青冈栎混交林和杜英纯林为研究对象,并以保留的退化灌木林为对照,分析了不同树种组成对林分土壤活性有机碳含量的影响。结果表明:木荷-青冈栎混交林和杜英纯林0 50 cm各土层土壤有机碳含量比退化灌木林分别增加了52.33%96.13%和77.93%119.85%,土壤易氧化碳增加了57.89%100.90%和21.44%46.85%,土壤轻组有机质增加了74.50%93.75%和27.24%96.09%,而土壤水溶性有机碳变化不明显。不同树种组成林分土壤活性有机碳占土壤总有机碳的比率大小顺序,土壤水溶性有机碳/土壤总有机碳为退化灌木林>木荷-青冈栎混交林>杜英纯林,土壤易氧化碳/土壤总有机碳为木荷-青冈栎混交林>退化灌木林>杜英纯林。3种林分土壤各活性有机碳与土壤总有机碳的相关性均达到极显著水平(p<0.01),其中,木荷-青冈栎混交林相关系数大于其它两种林分。3种林分中,土壤总有机碳、易氧化碳、轻组有机质与土壤养分的相关性均达到极显著水平,而退化灌木林土壤水溶性有机碳与水解氮、速效钾相关性不显著,杜英纯林土壤水溶性有机碳与速效钾也无显著相关性。

去除轻组有机质对湖泊沉积物磷释放速率的影响研究

采用重液（NaI）分离法去除了贡湖、五里湖和月湖沉积物中的轻组有机质（LF），研究了LF去除对沉积物磷释放动力学曲线的影响．结果表明，沉积物LF的去除并没有影响溶解性磷酸盐（SRP）和溶解性有机磷（DOP）释放动力学曲线的基本趋势，在前12h内，沉积物中磷的释放具有较大速率，12h后基本达到平衡．去除LF前后湖泊沉积物释放动力学均符合抛物线扩散方程（P〈0．001）；LF去除提高了各沉积物磷的释放量、释放速率，特别是提高了0～1／12h内的释放速率，其中SRP释放速率增加了8．09～24．2倍，DOP增加了1．15～2．01倍；去LF后，提高了沉积物的pH，促进了磷的释放．主要是通过OH^-对沉积物铁／铝结合态磷的阴离子置换和破坏了轻组有机质的羧基（-COOH）及羟基（-OH）和沉积物中的无机物胶体形成的胶结物．沉积物磷的释放与有机质的氨基、羧基、羟基等官能团有关．

土壤轻组有机质

轻组有机质主要是由不同分解程度的植物残体和一些微生物结构体组成 ,它的改变可以用来指示土壤肥力的变化。本文综述了轻组的分离方法、轻组的组成、种植和施肥对轻组的影响、轻组在土壤团聚体和土壤剖面中的分布以及轻组的季节性变化。