Economy & the Light Green Consumer

U.S. consumers are keenly aware of environmental issues and are concerned about the environmental friendliness of the products they buy. However, economic pressures may affect how actively shoppers seek out

Research on the Application of Green Lighting Technology in Sports Lighting

With China’s continued development of society and economy, the importance of ecological environmental protection is growing. This protection has become an indispensable part of social development. The use of various green environmental protection equipment can effectively promote ecological environmental protection and reduce the adverse effects of human activities on the environment. In the field of sports lighting equipment in China, traditional lighting methods constitute an inherent danger to the environment, leading to a waste of valuable resources and environmental pollution. This study involves a multi-tile-multifunctional-function controller, which effectively solves the control problem of the control light. In the sports lighting group, the high and low-level lighting of the sports lighting group, and adjust the light from the height highly effectively to adjust each height. The low-shot mode reduces the power consumption of the system by about 33% to 60%, which significantly helps energy saving. By optimizing the performance of the lighting system, promoting the preservation of power resources, reducing the adverse effects of pollution caused by equipment utilization and energy waste, and promoting the harmonious cohabitation of human and natural environment. .

Effects of Different Light Qualities on the Growth Characteristics of Populus trinervis

Populus trinervis is native to China and plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the ecological balance of boreal and temperate forests.P.trinervis mainly grows in high-altitude areas.At present,there are limited studies on the response of P.trinervis to different light qualities,so it is necessary to investigate the photosynthetic physiological changes of P.trinervis in different light environments.In our study,P.trinervis was grown for 8 months under light filtered by three different colored films.The three treatments were blue film,green film,and white plastic film.The effects of blue(B),green(G),and white(W)light on photosynthetic pigment content,absolute growth,photosynthetic parameters,soluble sugar content,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied,respectively.Compared to the Wtreatment,the chlorophyll a and b,carotenoids,total chlorophyll content(a+b),absolute growth of seedling height,net photosynthetic rate(PN),water use efficiency(WUE),total soluble sugars,sucrose,and nonphotochemical quenching(NPQ)of P.trinervis were significantly increased under B treatment.Meanwhile,chlorophyll a and b,carotenoids,total chlorophyll(a+b),transpiration rate(Tr),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),stomatal conductance(gs),absolute growth of seedling height and leaf length,reducing sugar,total soluble sugar content,and NPQ were significantly increased under G treatment.The results showed that the absolute growth and chlorophyll content of P.trinervis were increased under B light,while the sugar and photosynthetic parameters were increased under G light.Additional studies may look into how B light impacts absolute growth and promotional mechanisms,as well as how G light affects the accumulation of sugar levels.

Monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened the hatching time via pineal function in White Leghorn eggs

Background:Effect of monochromatic green light illumination on embryo development has been reported in chickens.The avian pineal gland is an important photo-endocrine organ formed by a mediodorsal protrusion during embryonic development.However,the involvement of pineal gland in the light transduction process remains to be elucidated.In the present study,we investigated the influence of monochromatic green light on hatching time and explored the possible mechanism via pineal function.Results:A total of 600 eggs of White Leghorn(Shaver strain)were incubated under photoperiods of either 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness using monochromatic green light(12L:12D group)or 24 h of darkness(0L:24D group)for 18 d.Compared to 0L:24D group,the green light stimulation shortened the hatching time without extending the hatch window or impairing hatchability.The liver of embryos incubated in the 12L:12D light condition was heavier than those of the 0L:24D group on d 21 post incubation which may be linked to the observed increase in the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1);primary secretion of the liver.Histological structure analysis of pineal gland demonstrated that the light stimulation increased follicle area,wall thickness and lumen area on d 10 and d 12 post incubation.Rhythmic function analysis demonstrated that three clock related genes(brain and muscle ARNT-like-1,BMAL1;circadian locomotor output cycles kaput,CLOCK;and cryptochrome-1,CRY1)and a melatonin rate-limiting enzyme related gene(arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase,AANAT)were rhythmically expressed in the pineal gland of the 12L:12D group,but not in the 0L:24D group.Simultaneously,the light stimulation also increased the concentration of melatonin(MT),which was linked to hepatocyte proliferation and IGF-1 secretion in previous studies.Conclusions:The 12L:12D monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened hatching time without impairing hatching performance.Pineal gland’s early histological development and maturation of its rhythmic function were accelerated by the light stimulation.It may be the key organ in the photo-endocrine axis that regulates embryo development,and the potential mechanism could be through enhanced secretion of MT in the 12L:12D group which promotes the secretion of IGF-1.

Effect of green flickering light on myopia development and expression of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in guinea pigs

AIM： To investigate the effects of green flickering light on refractive development and expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor（mAChR） M1 in the eyes of guinea pigs.METHODS： Thirty guinea pigs（15-20 days old） were randomly divided into three groups（n=10/group）. Animals in group I were raised in a completely closed carton with green flickering light illumination. Those in group II were kept in the open top closed carton under normal natural light. Guinea pigs were raised in a sight-widen cage under normal natural light in group III. The refractive status and axial length were measured before and after 8 weeks＇ illumination. Moreover, total RNA extracted from retinal, choroidal, and scleral tissues were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）. The expressions of the receptor M1 were also explored in the retina, choroid, and sclera using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS： There was a remarkable reduction in refractive error and increase in axial length after 8-weeks＇ green flickering light stimulation（P〈0.001）. The expression of M1 receptor mRNA in sclera and retina in myopia group were remarkably lower than that in group II and III（P〈0.01）. Significant reduced expression of M1 receptor stimulated by green flickering light in retina and sclera tissues were also observed（P〈0.05）. However, there was no M1 receptor expression in choroid in 3 groups.CONCLUSION： Myopia can be induced by 8 weeks＇ green flickering light exposure in the animal model. M1 receptor may be involved causally or protectively in myopia development.

Detection of Thrips Defect on Green-Peel Citrus Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology Combining PCA and B-Spline Lighting Correction Method

In order to find an effective method of detecting thrips defect on green-peel citrus, a defect segmentation method was developed using a single threshold value based on combination of characteristic wavelengths principal component analysis （PCA） and B-spline lighting correction method in this study. At first, four characteristic wavelengths （523, 587, 700 and 768 nm） were obtained using PCA of Vis-NIR （visible and near-infrared） bands and analysis of weighting coefficients; secondarily, PCA was performed using characteristic wavelengths and the second principal component （PC2） was selected to classify images; then, B-spline lighting correction method was proposed to overcome the influence of lighting non-uniform on citrus when thrips defect was segmented; finally, thrips defect on citrus was extracted by global threshold segmentation and morphological image processing. The experimental results show that thrips defect in citrus can be detected with an accuracy of 96.5% by characteristic wavelengths PCA and B-spline lighting correction method. This study shows that thrips defect on green-peel citrus can be effectively identified using hyperspectral imaging technology.

Effects of Light Source in Road Green Spaces on the Growth of Picea koraiensis in Harbin

With Picea koraiensis as the research object which have similar growth vigor in a same habitat, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, weight of dry-matter and leaf color change of Picea koraiensis in different lighting conditions were determined. Environment without light sources was taken as the control group. The results showed that different light sources and different distances from light sources to plants had diversified impact on the photosynthetic physiology of Picea koraiensis. Among these different color lights, green light had the least influence on Picea koraiensis, yellow light and purple light had greater influence.

Temperature-dependent efficiency droop behaviors of GaN-based green light-emitting diodes

The efficiency droop behaviors of GaN-based green light-emitting diodes （LEDs） are studied as a function of temperature from 300 K to 480 K. The overall quantum efficiency of the green LEDs is found to degrade as temperature increases, which is mainly caused by activation of new non-radiative recombination centers within the LED active layer. Meanwhile, the external quantum efficiency of the green LEDs starts to decrease at low injection current level （1 A/cm2 ） with a temperature-insensitive peak-efficiency-current. In contrast, the peak-efficiency-current of a control GaN-based blue LED shows continuous up-shift at higher temperatures. Around the onset point of efficiency droop, the electroluminescence spectra of the green LEDs also exhibit a monotonic blue-shift of peak energy and a reduction of full width at half maximum as injection current increases. Carrier delocalization is believed to play an important role in causing the efficiency droop in GaN-based green LEDs.

Metamerism Appreciation of Jadeite-Jade Green under the Standard Light Sources D_(65),A and CWF

We tested 288 pieces of the polished cabochon jadeite-jade with high quality green and smooth surfaces using the colorimeter Color i5 based on the CIE 1976 L＊a＊b＊ uniform color space. The color changes after alternating three CIE standard light sources D65, A and CWF were compared, and the degree of metamerism was evaluated. The results show that the CIE standard light sources D65, A and CWF increase the chroma of green and turn bluish green into vivid green, which are similar or to nearly colorless and transparent glass-like samples with fine textures. When the three light sources were individually alternated, the lightness of the jadeite-jades showed little change, but the tone changed significantly. Metamerism occurred only in 3 pairs among the 16 samples that were selected by cluster analysis for quality, and the metamerism colors were highly consistent of L＊D65∈（43.47, 46.75）, C＊D65∈（65.20, 68.80） and ho＊D65∈（138.10, 140.23）. We can conclude that the jadeite-jade green gradually turns to blue when the color temperature of the light source increases. But when considering both the light sources and the samples, D65 is more suitable to be the light source of jadeite-jade green when compared with the light sources CWF and A. Compared with the CIE standard green and high chroma green, high-quality jadeite-jade green has a slight yellow tone, low lightness and high chroma. The special metamerism index decreased to 1 when the light source alternated among D65, A and CWF. Therefore, the color of jadeite-jade green might be slightly influenced by alternating of the light sources.

Automated Smart Utilization of Background Lights and Daylight for Green Building Efficient and Economic Indoor Lighting Intensity Control

The ways which are used today in order to light houses, offices, and most of the indoor areas are inefficient as a lot of energy is consumed unnecessarily during the day time. Mainly this problem because the interior lighting design consider the worst case when the light service is at night, which is not always valid. Also in most cases the lighting system design relies on people to control the lights switching on and off. This problem is also one of the design concerns in Green Building. In this paper, a solution to this problem and a method for people’s comfort who use the indoor facilities in industrial buildings is presented. In the proposed smart lighting system, lights switch on automatically when there is somebody in the room or in the occupied space and switch off when there is no occupancy. In addition to this known technique, adjustment of the brightness level of the lights will be possible via the personal computer or any other smart device. In this method, for the illumination level in the area, where is needed to be controlled for better energy saving, the light automatically is measured by the sensor and considering the amount of background lights coming from outside, automatically the brightness of lights is controlled to reach the preset level that determined for that room. By the means of this method, it is possible to provide better user comfort, avoid human forcedness to switch the light on and off, and hence effective energy saving. Arduino controller is used to build the controller and to demonstrate the results. Economic analysis was done to calculate the percentage of the energy saving that can be obtained by implementing the proposed smart lighting controller. As an outcome of the economic analysis, energy saving norm for an office with a standard size was calculated.

Green Light-Emitting Region-Regular Poly(9,9-Dihexylfluorene-co-Fluorenone) Prepared from Solvent-Free Oxidative Coupling Polymerization

Soluble green light-emitting poly（9,9-dihexylfluorene- co-fluorenone） was synthesized by solvent-free oxidative coupling polymerization of 9,9-dihexylfluorene in a facile one-step reaction. The polymers were characterized by FT-IR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The region-regular structure of the polymer linking at 2, 7＇-position on the fluorene moieties was obtained. The FT-IR spectra of the polymers showed fluorenone vibration. The fluorescence spectra of the solid thin film of the polymers displayed green light-emitting, which was emitted from fluorenone moieties produced in the polymerization process.

Effects of Irradiation with Light of Different Photon Densities on the Growth of Young Green Barley Plants

In recent years, young green barley has been increasingly used as a functional food ingredient. Studies have shown that cultivated young green barley has different levels of amino acids, vitamin C, and polyphenol content depending on the harvest time. Furthermore, some studies have investigated the effect of the growing conditions on cultivated barley in particular the use of light-emitting diodes (LED). Young green barley was exposed to three light sources of different wavelengths (sun light [ASL], light-emitting diode[LED] - Red 9 + Blue 1 [LED-R9:B1], LED - Red 4 + Green 1+ Blue 1 [LED-R4: G1:B1]). Under light with photon densities of 200 μmolmL-2·s-1, the dry weight of young green barley was not affected, while the differences were observed in the morphology of the underground portion of the plant (roots) depending on the light source. The roots of the plant grown in ASL weighed twice as much as those that were grown under LED irradiation. Furthermore, LED irradiation caused an increase in the amino acid content in plants;the amino acid content of plants grown under LED-R9:B1 was twice as much as that grown under ASL irradiation. Four kinds of cyanogenicglucosides (CGs) were isolated, identified, and their levels were measured. The plant grown under LED-RGB irradiation, including LED-G, produced approximately 20% more CGs as compared to the plants grown under the other two light sources. Thus, it was inferred that young green barley exhibited a stress response under LED-G light and accumulated CGs in the stems and leaves with prepare for any damage that may occur on the leaf surface. The nitrogen (N) content in the root was the lowest, while the CG content was the highest in the plant grown under LED-RGB irradiation. It is inferred that the N content decreased because N was eliminated from the roots to allow for accumulation of CGs response to stress. In general, the growth experiments to use an irradiation condition in which the distance between the light source and plant floor is fixed. It is not clear whether the photon density level received by the top leaves is fixed according to plant growth, by changing the height of plant growing shelf. Therefore, against this background, when the photon density was increased from 200 to 300 μmolmL-2·s-1?under ASL irradiation, only a minimal change was observed in the root weight, while the weight of the part of the plant above the ground surface (stems and leaves) increased by approximately 30%, with a 10% increase in the amino acid content.

一种Y型延迟荧光分子及其蓝光和绿光OLED应用

以噻吨酮作为受体、3,6-(二咔唑基)三咔唑作为给体设计合成了一种具有延迟荧光特性的Y型分子(TX-TCz)。模拟计算表明化合物HOMO和LUMO能级完全分离且在苯环上存在较小的重叠,有助于获得小的S1和T1的能级差ΔEST。随着溶剂极性的增加,化合物发射峰发生明显的红移且由于电荷转移态和局域激发态的共存产生了双峰发射。在纯膜中TX-TCz的发射峰位于513 nm,量子产率为11.5%。基于低温下荧光和磷光发射峰,计算得到化合物的ΔEST为0.03 eV,并且检测到µs级的寿命,说明化合物具有延迟荧光发射。与此同时,化合物展示了良好的热稳定性能和电化学性能,有助于制备高性能OLED器件。其在掺杂浓度为5%(wt)的器件中展示了良好的蓝光性能,发射峰位于463 nm,最大外量子效率为1.53%;在非掺杂器件中展示了良好的绿光发射(522 nm),最大外量子效率达到1.81%。

Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green Dyes with CuWO₄-GO Nano Composite

Copper Tungstate-Graphene Oxide nano composites have been successfully applied as excellent catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation with Methylene blue and Malachite green dyes under visible light irradiation. A facile?solid state metathesis synthesis of copper tungstate (CuWO4) followed by ball milling and subsequent preparation of copper tungstate-graphene oxide?(CuWO4-GO) nano composite using a colloidal blending process and its application as a visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of Malachite green and Methylene blue dyes. The morphology and composition of copper tungstate (CuWO4) nano composite have been characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (UV-DRS), Raman Spectra, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)-EDS and UV Visible Spectroscopy. It shows a band gap value of 2.13 eV, an increase in range and intensity of light absorption and the reduction of electron-hole pair recombination in CuWO4 with the introducing of GO on to it.

基于转录组测序研究绿光影响鹅胚心脏早期发育的候选基因

旨在通过分析鹅胚心脏在绿光光照刺激下的基因表达差异,挖掘心脏发育的候选基因。本研究将512枚鹅种蛋,随机均分在正常黑暗孵化以及补充绿光的两台孵化机中,每台孵化机内放置4层(64枚·层^(-1)),绿光孵化机提供15 min开灯和15 min关灯的间歇光照。在孵化第13、16、20、24、28和30天时,每组随机挑选种蛋8枚,称取胚胎重量,分离胚胎心脏组织并称重;采集孵化第13天的胚胎心脏组织(每组各3),进行转录组测序(RNA-Seq),筛选差异表达基因(DEGs)并进行功能富集分析,鉴定与绿光促进心脏发育相关的候选基因。并通过荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR方法)验证测序结果的可靠性。结果表明:绿光显著提高16和30胚龄胚重比例(胚胎重/入孵蛋重×100)(P<0.05),以及13和16胚龄心脏指数(心脏重/胚胎重×100)(P<0.05)。心脏转录组测序分析共筛选出1 643个DEGs。随机选择7个DEGs进行RT-qPCR验证,表达趋势与测序结果一致。功能富集分析表明,DEGs主要涉及PI3K-Akt信号通路、AMPK信号通路等通路,最终筛选出GATA4、GATA5、Smad4和GHR这4个候选基因。对它们在不同胚龄阶段心脏组织中的mRNA表达量进行分析,其表达模式进一步表明了其在绿光调控心脏发育过程中的作用。本研究发现,鹅蛋孵化期绿光处理促进了胚胎和心脏发育,进一步通过心脏组织转录组数据分析,鉴定到了4个鹅胚心脏发育候选基因GATA4、GATA5、Smad4和GHR,为鹅胚心脏组织发育的分子调控机制提供了线索,并为绿光应用于鹅种蛋孵化提供了理论基础。

LED绿光在雏鹅高密度养殖模式中的调控作用

为探究两阶段LED绿光在雏鹅高密度饲养模式中的调控作用,确定适宜的光照方案。该研究基于生产实际,采用双因素试验设计(孵化光照×育雏光照),设置黑暗和绿光2种孵化光照,白光和绿光2种育雏光照,分析高密度饲养模式下孵化期和育雏期LED绿光照射对14 d雏鹅生长性能、肠道发育、血液激素、羽毛质量及啄羽行为的影响。结果表明,育雏期提供LED绿光能显著增加14 d雏鹅体质量、1~14 d日均体质量增量、日均采食量(P<0.05)并降低料重比(P<0.05),显著降低血液中五羟色胺、皮质酮含量及十二指肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),显著增加雏鹅胸腹部羽毛长度(P<0.05)、降低雏鹅背部裸露评分(P<0.01)及减少啄羽行为(P<0.001);种蛋绿光孵化可显著减少子代雏鹅啄羽时间和次数(P<0.05);而孵化光照和育雏光照在影响雏鹅各指标上无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。该研究证实了两阶段LED绿光对雏鹅高密度饲养模式中负面效应的正面调控作用,且育雏期提供绿光效果更好,可为鹅高效生产提供理论依据。

孵化期不同强度绿光照对云岭红肉鸡雏鸡生长的影响

旨在揭示孵化期间不同强度绿光照对云岭红肉鸡雏鸡生长性能的影响,为孵化期利用绿光照提高雏鸡生长性能提供一定的依据。试验选取云岭红肉鸡种蛋512枚,并将其随机分为高强度绿光(HGL)组、中强度绿光(MGL)组、低强度绿光(LGL)组和对照(CL)组,每组128枚种蛋;HGL、MGL和LGL组的光照强度分别为250~475 lx、100~249 lx和25~99 lx,在种蛋孵化的0~18 d,每天连续24 h光照,CL组不进行任何光照处理;测定并分析各组雏鸡的体重、胸肌重量、体尺性状(体长、胸宽、胸深和胫骨长)和内脏器官(心脏、肝脏和肺)重量等生长指标。结果:同日龄雏鸡的体重、胸肌重量、体尺性状和内脏器官重总体呈现出“LGL组>MGL组>CL组>HGL组”的变化规律;与MGL、CL和HGL组相比,LGL组42日龄体重分别极显著提高193.65 g、232.60 g和271.73 g(P<0.01),胸肌重量分别极显著提高40.80 g、41.59 g和51.24 g(P<0.01),体长分别提高0.48 cm、1.78 cm和2.29 cm(P>0.05),肝脏重量分别提高2.30 g、2.43 g和2.45 g(P>0.05)。综上,种蛋孵化期间给予适宜强度(25~249 lx)绿光照有助于提高雏鸡的生长性能,尤以光照强度为25~99 lx的效果最佳。

直出式绿激光膀胱肿瘤剜除术与经尿道膀胱肿瘤等离子电切在治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的围手术期疗效的比较

目的比较直出式绿激光膀胱肿瘤剜除术与经尿道膀胱肿瘤等离子电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年3月至2020年3月于安庆市立医院泌尿外科治疗的80例NMIBC患者的临床资料,通过随机数表法将80例患者均分为两组,其中实验组采用直出式绿激光膀胱肿瘤剜除术,对照组采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤等离子电切术。对两组的术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、术后住院时间以及术中、术后并发症发生情况进行比较分析。结果两组患者手术均顺利完成,实验组在手术时间、复发率方面与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组术中出血量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、术后住院时间小于对照组;实验组在术后出血、闭孔神经反射和膀胱穿孔发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论直出式绿激光膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗NMIBC较经尿道膀胱肿瘤等离子电切术更安全、有效,具有微创、出血少、并发症风险低等优点,值得临床推广使用。

不同波长LEDs光源对苦荞芽菜生长、生物活性物积累及抗氧化活性的影响

为探究不同波长LEDs光源对苦荞芽菜生长的影响,本研究以黑暗(D)作对照,采用单色红(R)、蓝(B)、绿(G)光源培养苦荞芽菜,收获后分别测定其形态指标、生物活性物积累量、类黄酮合成关键基因表达量及抗氧化活性指标,结果表明:B处理的苦荞芽菜下胚轴呈深红色,伸长生长受到强烈抑制,花青素、总黄酮及总酚积累量均最高,分别是D的7.18、2.96和2.49倍;R处理的下胚轴呈浅粉色,上述3种生物活性物积累量分别是对照的2.56、1.68和1.40倍;G处理的下胚轴伸长与R相似,外观呈透明白色,生物活性物积累量与对照无显著差异。B和R均强烈诱导类黄酮生物合成通路上关键结构基因表达,显著增加苦荞芽菜下胚轴抗氧化活性。此外,各单色光处理均未显著影响苦荞芽菜可食用部位的鲜重。由此可见,红、蓝LEDs光源可显著影响苦荞芽菜形态生长,并增加其生物活性物积累及抗氧化能力,以蓝光最佳。

公共建筑绿色照明设计研究——以云南高校为例

为响应绿色低碳发展,建设美丽中国,我国的经济发展逐渐向节能、生态、环保转型,随着科技水平的进步,高层建筑越来越多,建筑照明系统造成的能源浪费问题一直处于非常关键的位置,其中建筑总体碳排放量中照明所产生的能耗占了相当大的比例,在校园建筑中尤为突出。图书馆是除教学楼以外学生自主学习最主要的空间,对光环境照明要求高,但建筑体量大、进深宽,对自然光利用薄弱,过于依赖人工照明进行辅助,是用电量大的场所,所产生的能耗量巨大。基于此,本文主要针对云南高校图书馆的自然采光照明运用计算机模拟技术进行演示分析,充分利用自然光和太阳能发电,改进采光途径和设备,从而达到可持续发展的目的,促使可持续理念在公共建筑的应用中得到更好的发展。