Correlations between Light Rare Earth Elements in Soil and Navel Orange Tree System in Gannan Area

The total content of light rare earth elements( LREEs) in the soil of navel orange orchards of Gannan area is greater than that of heavy rare earth elements( HREEs). Appropriate content of LREE can not only promote the growth of navel oranges,and it is also conducive to human health. On the basis of exploring the correlations between the content of LREE in the soil of navel orange orchards of Gannan area and the contents of LREE in navel orange leaves and fruit,the influence mechanism of LREEs on the quality of navel oranges was revealed. In this study,with two Newhall navel orange orchards with different soil LREEs background levels in Xinfeng County as the research object,the changes in the content of LREE( lanthanum,La; cerium,Ce; praseodymium,Pr; neodymium,Nd) in leaves and fruit of navel orange at different growth stages were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry( ICP-MS),and the correlations between the content of LREE in the soil,navel orange leaves and navel orange fruit were studied. The results showed that the contents of the four kinds of LREEs in the soil ranked as Ce > La > Nd > Pr,and there were significant differences among them( P < 0. 01). Navel orange leaves and fruit have selective and heterogenic absorption for LREEs. At different growth stages,La showed the highest accumulation amount in the leaves and fruit of navel orange; and the content of LREE in the leaves of navel orange increased first and then decreased,while that in the fruit of navel orange showed continuous decrease. During the migration of LREEs from soil to leaves to fruit,the content of LREE decreased rapidly as the migration distance increased. The accumulation amount of LREE in navel orange was positively correlated with the content of LREE in the soil. The correlation between the content of LREE in the leaves and fruit of navel orange was greatest. Among the four kinds of LREEs,the correlation of La was greatest,followed by Ce,indicating that the accumulation amount of LREE in the navel orange body was affected by the element types.

Determination of Light Rare Earths by a Spectrophoto-metry Based on the Linear Combination of Multiwavelength Data

The present paper proposes a new method of spectrophotometry based on linear combination of multiwavelength data by means of selecting a set of properly weighted coefficients and combination methods. It is clear that the weighted combination absorbance attained is only in direct proportion to the concentration of the analysed component and independent of coexisting interferents.The accuracy of the analytical results is improved greatly for the analysis of light rare earths with the coexistence of heavy rare earths.The analyti- cal error from the reagent blank and co-coloration of light and heavy rare earths have also been overcome. The greatly improved linearity and additivity of absorbance are obtained.

New Technology “Flotation to Form Agglomerates and Magnetic Separation” Allows Great Breakthrough for World Low-Grade Light Rare Earth Ores

Rare earth resources are relatively scarce worldwide, but their global consumption is increasing year-by-year. At present, China has about 36% of the global rare earth reserves, but provides 90% of the world＇s supply, which has generally met world demand and promoted the development of the world economy. In order to continuously and stably supply rare earths to international markets, the Chinese Government has financially supported the Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources within the China Geological Survey to study the utilization of low-grade rare earth ores. Following many years of experimental research, the project has developed a new technology entitled ＂Flotation to Form Agglomerates and then Magnetic Separation＂, which will bring a technological revolution to the world＇s light rare earth ore dressing.

Application of Simultaneous Technique of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Photothermal Interference Spectrometry for Monitoring Chelating Reaction of Light Rare Earth with Tribromoarsenazo

A novel high sensihtity, small-volume photothermal intheence detector has beenintroduced for capillap zone electrophoresis separation analysis. The utility of thes sdriulboconstecheque for momtomp chelating reachon of light rare earth with tribromoarsenazo has beenreported.

Effects of Light and Heavy Rare Earths on Anti-Degradation of Nodular Cast Iron

The effects of rare earths with different contents on anti-degradation of Y base heavy rare earths-magnesium and cerium base light rare earths-magnesium nodular cast iron were studied. Curves of the relationship between the spheroidization grade of liguid iron treated by different nodulizers and holding time were obtained. The results show that the more the remains of the rare earth, the longer the anti-degradation time, the liquid iron was treated either by Y-Mg-Si or by Ce-Mg-Si nodulizer. When the rare earth remains are above certain quantity, the spheroidization grade starts to decline. When liquid iron treated by either Y-Mg-Si or Ce-Mg-Si nodulizer with proper remains of rare earths about 0.04% 0.06%（mass fraction）, the anti-degradation is the best, and the remains of Mg being about 0.04% -0.07% （mass fraction）. Rare earths-Mg nodulizer with moderate RE remains is better than that of Mg-Si nodulizer in anti-degradation property. However, Y-Mg-Si nodulizer with moderate remins of Re is better than Ce-Mg-Si nodulizer. Sometimes Ce-Mg- Si nodulizer can be used for the production of heavy section nodular cast iron.

Solvent extraction and separation of light rare earth elements (La, Pr and Nd) in the presence of lactic acid as a complexing agent by Cyanex 272 in kerosene and the effect of citric acid,acetic acid and Titriplex Ⅲ as auxiliary agents

At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to control high volumes of liquids with electrical load. With the aim of improving a separation technology that would be superior to the existing extraction systems, the extraction behaviors of La（Ⅲ）,Pr（Ⅲ）, and Nd（Ⅲ） from an HCI medium with Cyanex 272 in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid（HLac） and auxiliary agents citric acid（H3 Cit）, acetic acid（HAc）, and Titriplex Ⅲ have been reported.The effect of pH and lactic acid concentration has been examined. The use of lactic acid as a complexing agent leading to a high extraction of REEs with Cyanex 272 at pH = 5 was compared with systems without lactic acid. The results show that the use of acetic acid along with lactic acid leads to an increase in the extraction percentage of LREEs. While use of citric acid and Titriplex Ⅲ reduces the extraction percentage of LREEs. Finally, the presence of Titriplex Ⅲ together with lactic acid could lead to an increase in the separation factor of Pr and Nd.

New Rare-Earth Containing (Sr_(1-y)Eu_y)_2Al_2Si_(10)N_(14)O_4 Phosphors for Light-Emitting Diodes

Remarkable progress was made in the development of white-light-emitting diodes （LEDs）. White LEDs provided a light element having a semiconductor InGaN light-emitting chip （blue or UV LEDs） and luminescent phosphors. Here we reported the sialon s-phase of （Sr,Eu）2A12Si10N14O4. Eu^2＋ activator ions that were substituted for the strontium site represented a new type of yeUow-green phosphor that could be excited by blue LEDs used for application in the fabrication of white LEDs.

Rare Earth Luminescent Materials for White LED Solid State Lighting

Solid-state white LED will be a new generation of energy-saving light source in 21 century. In order to emitting white light, one of important approaches is using luminescence conversion technology with rare earth phosphors, which can be excited by the 460 nm blue light or 400 nm near violet light emitted from the InGaN chip and then emit white light. The rare earths doped phosphors prepared by us such as YAG ： Ce^3＋, Ca1-xSrxS ： Eu^2＋, Ga2S3 ： Eu^2＋, MGa2S4：Eu^2＋ （M = Ca, Sr, Ba）, SrGa2＋xS4＋y ：Eu^2＋,（Ca1 - xSrx ） Se ： Eu^2 ＋ , SrLaGaaS6O ： Eu^2 ＋ , （ M1, M2 ） 10 （PO4）6XE（M1 = Ca, Sr, Ba; Ms = Eu, Mn; X = F, Cl, Br） and NaEu0.92 Sm0.08 （MoO4）5 were reported. They emit blue, green, yellow or red color light. Some white LEDs were made by these phosphors with blue or near violet InGaN chips and their chromaticity coordinate （x, y）, correlated color temperature Tc, and color rendering index Ra are reported.

Blue-Light Emission from Undoped and Rare Earth-Doped Wide Bandgap Oxides

Rare earth-doped oxide thin-film phosphors may emerge as an alternate choice for the blue phosphor, due to their chemical and thermal stability in high vacuum and absence of corrosive gas emission under electron bombardment. The blue phosphors in this study were activated in air at temperatures suitable for glass substrates, which have been used in a number of applications. The effects of rare earth ions and oxide hosts on the blue-light-emitting properties of phosphors are discussed. In addition, novel blue-light emission was observed in certain typical undoped wide bandgap oxides. The luminescence of the oxides depends on the growth and annealing conditions under different atmospheres, suggesting that it is associated with the presence of oxygen vacancies. Radiative processes related to oxygen vacancies were also presented.

Selective Separation of Light and Heavy Rare Earth Elements from the Pregnant Leach Solution of Apatite Ore with D2EHPA

Different separation techniques such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, and precipitation are often used for recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from pregnant leach solutions obtained from acid leaching. Solvent extraction is generally accepted as the most appropriate commercial technology for separating REEs due to the need to be able to handle larger volumes of diluted pregnant solutions. This study focused on the development of selective separation of light and heavy REEs from the pregnant leach solution obtained from leaching of apatite ore in 1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) using solvent extraction. Three different commercial organophosphorus extractants (di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC88A) and tributyl phosphate (TBP)), and the influences of experimental parameters such as extractant concentration, organic/aqueous phase ratio, diluent type, pH, extraction time and stripping agent concentration were examined. Results showed that light REEs (LREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs) in the pregnant leach solution were selectively separated with D2EHPA via a two-stage extraction process. In the first-stage of solvent extraction, >90% of (0.05 g/L) HREEs was extracted with 1.8 M D2EHPA in kerosene while the vast majority (>95%) of LREEs was remained in raffinate. In the second-stage, >93% (1.01 g/L) of LREEs was extracted from the raffinate with 1.8 M D2EHPA dissolved in kerosene at pH 1.6. HREEs (>95%) and LREEs (>90%) loaded with D2EHPA after the first and second-stage of extraction were stripped by 4 M H2SO4 and 1 M H2SO4 solutions, respectively. Distribution of middle rare earth elements (MREEs) was discussed through the extraction processes in this study.

Rare Earth Metals in Light Alloys

A review of crystallochemical thermodynamic and phase diagram data of Mg RE and Al RE based systems is presented. On the basis also of their possible applications, special attention is given to the Mg rich and Al rich alloys and to the effects of rare earth additions on their properties. A summary of the experimental work carried out by our research group on several binary and ternary alloys is reported: that is Mg RE, Al RE, and Mg RE RE′ and Al RE RE′ with two different rare earth metals. A number of regularities observed in the formation and in the crystallochemistry of binary and ternary Mg rich or Al rich phases are summarised and discussed. Their application to a fine planning of alloys having a well defined structure is suggested.

Study on preparation and application performance of blue sky rare earth light storage and emission material

Under reduction atmosphere, a blue sky rare earth silicate light storage and emission material was prepared by high temperature solid phase synthesis. The best constituent ratio of this material was determined through orthogonal experiment, and its excitation and emission spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns were measured. And a comparative study was conducted on its application properties.

Interaction between Ternary Rare Earth Complexes of Cinnamic Acid and Phenanthroline with DNA by Spectroscopy

The interaction of ternary complexes [RE(phen)(cin)_3(H_2O)](RE= Nd (III),Ce(III),Eu(III))with calf thymus DNA was investigated by electronic absorption spectroscopy, ethidium bromide(EB)-DNA quenching fluorescent spectra and resonance light scattering. All experimental results indicate that the three complexes bind to DNA by the electrostatic mode and the intercalative mode. It is predicted that these complexes show high anticancer activity or other biologic activity.

含钐稀土有机配合物的合成及其荧光性能

利用配位反应,以稀土Sm^(3+)为中心发光离子,丙烯酰胺,月桂醇,8-羟基喹啉合成的CAHD单体为主要配体,phen为协同配体,与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚,合成了一种键合型含钐稀土有机大分子配合物转光剂(Sm(CAHD)_2phen-co-MMA).采用元素分析、IR、XPS、UV、荧光光谱、XRD、TGA等测试手段对Sm(CAHD)_2phen-co-MMA的结构、光学性能及热稳定性进行研究.结果表明,在315 nm的紫外光激发下,Sm(CAHD)_2Phen-co-MMA在560 nm、620 nm和650 nm均出现了Sm^(3+)的特征发射峰,在650 nm处强度最大,与植物进行光合作用光谱的吻合性较高.转光剂降解温度在182℃,具有良好的热稳定性.所合成转光剂具有优良的光学性能,在高温下不易被降解,有望作为农膜转光剂使用.

不同形态河谷沉积物中稀土元素的粒径分布特征

稀土元素(REE)作为一种重要的土壤侵蚀示踪元素,明确其含量随土壤颗粒粒径的变化特征,对准确量化土壤侵蚀速率具有重要意义。本研究基于Samonova等采样测定的不同粒径范围(<1、1~10、10~50、50~250和250~1 000μm)土壤/沉积物颗粒中的REE含量,分析了俄罗斯普罗特瓦河左岸河谷形态(“U”和“V”形谷)、地貌部位(坡面、沟坡/沟壁、沟道底部和洪积扇)、侵蚀(坡面、沟坡/沟壁)和沉积(沟道底部和洪积扇)环境对土壤/沉积物REE含量、富集系数等的影响。结果表明:(1)“U”和“V”形谷四类地貌下,轻稀土(LREE)、重稀土(HREE)和总稀土(ΣREE)含量均随颗粒粒径变粗呈降低趋势。在相同地貌部位,“U”形谷细颗粒(<50μm)中LREE、HREE和ΣREE含量较“V”形谷分别低14.6%~24.7%、10.0%~33.5%和14.2%~21.1%。(2)无论河谷形态和地貌部位,LREE和HREE均明显富集在细颗粒中,尤其是“V”形谷,LREE和HREE主要富集在<10μm的颗粒中。(3)对比侵蚀和沉积区,“U”和“V”形谷沉积区细颗粒中LREE和HREE的富集程度均显著(P<0.05)大于侵蚀区。可见,无论河谷形态、地貌部位和侵蚀沉积区,REE均主要富集在细颗粒中;但河谷形态和侵蚀、沉积对REE含量的粒径分布有重要影响。

土壤-超积累植物体系中稀土元素的空间富集-分异特征与富集机理

离子吸附型稀土矿是我国南方特色的优质稀土资源,但由于落后的采矿方式和无节制的开采,大量稀土元素(稀土元素+Y,简称稀土元素)被带入环境中,导致稀土矿区周边出现许多环境污染和植被退化问题。乌毛蕨是一种对稀土元素具有较强耐受性和超强富集能力的蕨类超积累植物,能被用于稀土污染土壤或尾矿的生态修复。本研究以离子吸附型矿区表生土壤上生长的稀土超积累植物乌毛蕨及其根际土为研究对象,通过化学消解和ICP-MS方法测定根际土、根表、根部、叶柄、叶片中稀土元素的含量,分析土壤–植物体系中稀土元素的空间分布、富集与分异特征;采用顺序提取法测定土壤中不同化学形态的稀土元素含量,同时利用微区X射线荧光光谱(μ-XRF)与扫描电镜能谱分析技术(SEM-EDS),阐明乌毛蕨对稀土元素的吸收与富集机理。化学测试结果表明,乌毛蕨对稀土元素有较强的富集和地上转运能力,富集系数(BF)和转移系数(TF)分别为2.61和2.85;植物器官富集能力顺序为:叶片(1750μg/g)>根部(512μg/g)>叶柄(56.5μg/g);植株整体稀土元素配分模式具有与根际土相似的富轻土元素和Ce负异常特征,不同的是,植株整体Eu无异常(根际土δEu=0.51);根际土壤中富集离子交换态的轻稀土离子(34%~64%,(La/Yb)N=2.36),与根系表面呈轻微富轻稀土元素((La/Yb)N=1.29)的现象暗示根际大部分轻稀土元素能以离子形式被根系吸收,重稀土元素与有机配体络合而被吸附在根系表面;稀土元素在向上迁移过程中,(La/Yb)N值下降(叶柄=27.63,叶片=17.17),揭示木质部伤流液的重稀土元素可能比轻稀土元素更容易向上迁移;μ-XRF与SEM-EDS结果显示,乌毛蕨地上部的超富集器官(叶片)将稀土元素主要储存在叶缘的表皮层细胞,且能将大部分非生理需要的稀土元素有效区室化。上述认识揭示了在离子吸附型稀土矿区表生环境中,稀土元素从土壤向植物体内迁移并在地上部富集与分异的过程、规律和主要原因,为今后利用稀土超积累植物实现植物采矿或稀土尾矿生态修复提供科学认知基础。

蒙脱土中镧、钇离子电迁移行为试验研究

为研究蒙脱土对轻稀土离子La^(3+)和重稀土离子Y^(3+)吸附的差异,及外加电场条件下两种离子在蒙脱土中的迁移规律,开展了不同条件下的等温吸附试验、稀土迁移和电渗试验等.研究结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附方程对La^(3+)和Y^(3+)在蒙脱土表面的吸附拟合度较高,与La^(3+)吸附相比,蒙脱土对Y^(3+)的饱和吸附量更高.而在电渗试验中,蒙脱土吸附的La^(3+)和Y^(3+)含量远小于等温吸附试验中所得到饱和吸附量,表明电渗过程中吸附和电迁移是一个相互耦合的过程,且电势梯度为1 V/cm时更利于稀土在蒙脱土中的迁移.此外,基于试验中La^(3+)和Y^(3+)迁移的距离、迁移的电荷占比和迁移所消耗的电能三个因素,分析离子了镧、钇的迁移效率,发现La^(3+)在蒙脱土中的迁移效率高于Y^(3+).试验结果可为稀土矿清洁开采相关研究提供参考.

轻稀土烟叶微肥技术研究——以凉山州烟叶生产为例

烟叶生长周期长,易受气候干扰,影响产量及质量。轻稀土元素在凉山州烟叶生产中的应用涉及镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)等,利用微波分解、高酸浸出及萃取技术可高效提炼稀土,为烟叶生产提供高质量的稀土肥料。综述了稀土微肥的研究进展,介绍了凉山州烟叶生产环境特点,研发了一种轻稀土烟叶微肥技术,以充分挖掘其在提高烟叶质量及产量、缩短生长周期等方面的潜力。

蓄光织物的性能及应用

介绍了蓄光织物用发光材料及纤维的发展,总结当前蓄光织物的不同性能,着重叙述发光性能的影响因素,分析蓄光织物在服装等领域的市场和应用现状。研究得出,蓄光织物安全无毒,节省能源,环保可回收,附加值高,服用性能良好,应用领域广泛;但同时存在发光材料和纤维颜色不够丰富,发光亮度较低,服装市场受限等问题。分析认为,未来可以提升蓄光型发光材料和纤维的制备技术,着重研究夜光服装的热湿舒适性,并针对不同需求进行产品设计。

低浓度轻稀土离子的选择性萃取分离

本文研究了采用1,7-二氮杂15冠5醚(2N15C5)从多离子共存的复杂硫酸盐体系中选择性萃取分离轻稀土离子的过程。结果表明:水相中的高浓度杂质离子主要通过诱导稀土硫酸钠盐沉淀的生成来影响复杂硫酸盐体系的稳定性,从而降低2N15C5对轻稀土离子的选择性萃取分配比。在水相pH<2.0、[SO_(4)^(2-)]/Σ[RE^(3+)]<10、相比R_(O/A)=2∶1、混相时间10 min的情况下,轻稀土离子组与重稀土离子组的单级萃取分离系数可达23.0023,经5级逆流萃取处理后,对应的累积萃取分离系数可达36.7016。该分组萃取分离法可从离子吸附型稀土矿原地浸出尾液中选择性萃取分离低浓度轻稀土离子,负载有机相经稀盐酸洗杂、乙二胺四乙酸溶液反萃处理后可得到轻稀土富集液,轻稀土离子的综合收率为83.98%。