Effect of Continuous Light on Rhythm of Apodemus agrarius

[ Objective ] The paper aimed to study effects of continuous light on rhythm of Apodemus agrarius. [ Method ] The changes in rhythm of A. agrarius activities were observed under natural light and 24 h continuous light condition. [ Result] A. agrarius activated at daytime and night, but the activity time at night was longer than that at daytime, and the peak period of activity also occurred at night. When exposed to natural light, the activity time, feeding time and drinking time ofA. agrarius were （27 870±5 252）s, （6 171 ± 1 529）s and （474 ±92） s, respectively; when exposed to 24 continuous light, the activity time, feeding time and drinking time of A. agrarius were （ 19 935 ±2 971 ） s, （5 870 ± 1 988 ） s and （331 ± 117 ） s, respectively. [ Conclusion ] The activity time of A. agraritas changed significantly under two different light conditions, while feeding time and drinking time had little changes.

Stabilization of Circadian Rhythm, Its Augmentation by Bright Light Treatment and Its Importance for ADHD and Depression of Adolescents

Objective: ADHD is characterized by the progressive development of, impulsiveness, attentional difficulties and sometimes also excessive hyperactivity. Main biological reason is a quantitative reduction of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the forebrain. A lack of dopamine is also typical for depressive disorders. Methods: Bright light therapy is proven to be effective in treating depression. Purpose of our study is to verify the therapeutic effectiveness of Bright light therapy in subjects affected by ADHD. Results: Results show a significant improvement which lasts for at least 4 weeks, which is superposed by regulation of the circadian rhythm. Initial decrease of especially morning saliva melatonin levels, due to regular sleep under in-patient conditions, is followed by symptom improvement and a raising evening melatonin level, due to activation during the day. This level decreases as soon as activation is ceased. Conclusion: Bright light therapy seems to be effective as add-on therapy for ADHD, but in fact, stabilization of the circadian rhythm is the most important therapeutic intervention, either for ADHD or for depression, as demonstrated in another study.

光照治疗对双相抑郁的疗效与安全性的回顾与新进展

双相情感障碍(Bipolar Disorder,BD)是慢性和复发性的疾病,其中针对双相抑郁的治疗手段有限。研究发现对季节性抑郁障碍(Seasonal Affective Disorder,SAD)治疗有效的光照治疗(Light Therapy,LT)也可用于治疗双相抑郁。LT通过改善BD昼夜节律紊乱以及调节单胺类神经递质发挥抗抑郁作用。LT作为双相抑郁药物治疗的辅助手段,相对安全而有效。目前需要研究设置更规范、样本量更大、干预及随访周期更长的随机对照研究为LT治疗双相抑郁提供有力证据。

光信号和昼夜节律调控植物感知冷胁迫的研究进展

温度和光是调节植物生长发育的重要环境因子,植物感知温度变化并通过改变基因表达模式等响应低温环境,这些响应受到光信号和昼夜节律等因素的影响。然而,光信号诱导昼夜节律调控植物响应冷胁迫的分子调控网络尚不清楚。本文聚焦光信号和昼夜节律在植物感知冷胁迫中的作用。光信号参与冷胁迫主要通过光敏色素诱导CBF基因途径激活冷基因的表达,这主要有两种途径,一是光敏色素受体通过直接调控CBF和COR基因表达而调节植株抗冷性;二是光依赖性信号转导的正调控因子HY5激活冷驯化COR基因。昼夜节律参与冷胁迫主要是通过昼夜节律的组分CCA1/LHY和RVE4/RVE8介导DREB1下游基因在冷胁迫下的表达。明确植物中光信号和昼夜节律在冷信号感知及传导途径中的作用,不仅有助于更好地理解植物抗冷的机制和功能,还有助于植物生长与温度胁迫反应之间的权衡,为提升植物应对昼夜温差变化提供理论基础。

健康照明与儿童近视防控的研究进展

近视在我国发病率较高,是影响儿童视觉健康的重要因素。现有的研究表明,过长的屏幕使用时间和过少的户外活动是儿童近视的重要诱因,这些危险因素都与光照参数,如光照强度、时常、频率、光谱有关。并且,不当的夜间照明也会对儿童的昼夜节律、睡眠产生影响并导致近视。现对屏幕时间、户外活动、光照属性以及昼夜节律的临床研究以及流行病学资料进行综述,为儿童近视预防提供一些建议与指导。

光与近视的关系及作用机制的研究进展

近视已经成为全球性的重要公共卫生问题,越来越多的研究关注光对近视的影响。通过梳理当前已发表的关于不同光环境与近视的关系及作用机制的文献,总结光照强度、光线波长、光照频率和节律均能影响眼球屈光发育的规律,为近视防控工作提供参考。

一种可补偿的新型架构音乐律动氛围灯控制方法

文章设计一种可补偿的新型架构音乐律动氛围灯控制方法,该方案包含THU车机及屏幕、BCM车辆车身控制单元、主节点氛围灯、从节点氛围灯、功放,具有解码与传递信号时效短、律动与音乐节拍同步性好、律动效果丰富等优点。

Photoacoustic treatment mitigates cognitive dysfunction in a model of sleep-wake rhythm disturbance

Sleep-wake rhythm disturbances,which are characterized by abnormal sleep timing or duration,are associated with cognitive dysfunction.Photoacoustic treatments including light and sound stimulation have been found to be effective in modulating sleep patterns and improving cognitive behavior in abnormal sleep-wake pattern experiments.In this study,we examined whether light and sound interventions could reduce sleep-wake pattern disturbances and memory deficits in a sleep rhythm disturbance model.We established a model of sleep rhythm disturbance in C57 BL/6 J mice via a sleep deprivation method involving manual cage tapping,cage jostling,and nest disturbance.We used a Mini Mitter radio transmitter device to monitor motor activity in the mice and fear conditioning tests to assess cognitive function.Our results indicated that an intervention in which the mice were exposed to blue light(40-Hz flickering frequency)for 1 hour during their subjective daytime significantly improved the 24-hour-acrophase shift and reduced the degree of memory deficit induced by sleep deprivation.However,interventions in which the mice were exposed to a 40-Hz blue light at offset time or subjective night time points,as well as 2 Hz-blue light at 3 intervention time points(subjective day time,subjective night time,and offset time points),had no positive effects on circadian rhythm shift or memory deficits.Additionally,a 2000-Hz sound intervention during subjective day time attenuated the24-hour-acrophase shift and memory decline,while 440-Hz and 4000-Hz sounds had no effect on circadian rhythms.Overall,these results demonstrate that photoacoustic treatment effectively corrected abnormal sleep-wake patterns and cognitive dysfunction associated with sleep-deprivation-induced disturbances in sleep-wake rhythm.All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Nanjing University,China(approval No.20171102)on November20,2017.

The effect of lens aging and cataract surgery on circadian rhythm

Many organisms have evolved an approximately 24-hour circadian rhythm that allows them to achieve internal physiological homeostasis with external environment.Suprachiasmatic nucleus（SCN） is the central pacemaker of circadian rhythm,and its activity is entrained to the external light-dark cycle.The SCN controls circadian rhythm through regulating the synthesis of melatonin by pineal gland via a multisynaptic pathway.Light,especially shortwavelength blue light,is the most potent environmental time cue in circadian photoentrainment.Recently,the discovery of a novel type of retinal photoreceptors,intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells,sheds light on the mechanism of circadian photoentrainment and raises concerns about the effect of ocular diseases on circadian system.With age,light transmittance is significantly decreased due to the aging of crystalline lens,thus possibly resulting in progressive loss of circadian photoreception.In the current review,we summarize the circadian physiology,highlight the important role of light in circadian rhythm regulation,discuss about the correlation between age-related cataract and sleep disorders,and compare the effect of blue light-filtering intraocular lenses（lOLs） and ultraviolet only filtering lOLs on circadian rhythm.

Alpha Rhythms Response to 10 Hz Flicker Is Wavelength Dependent

Since Adrian and Metthew [1], light may be considered the dominant stimulus for the brain. This statement is confirmed after the discovery of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that regulates the master biological clock [2]. In 1998 the discovery of photopigment melanopsin in the ganglion cells of the retina, give new insight in the importance of the light in the pathophysiology of the brain [3]. We have studied the effect of flashing at 10 Hz with LED light of different wavelength on the response of the alpha system. We have shown that this response, consistent with the drive of the frequency and the augmentation of the voltage of the alpha rhythms, is far more significant with the RED-LED than GREEN-LED or BLUE-LED or WHITE-LED (three-chrome) light flashing. We stem the hypothesis that the amplitude increase and phase reset of the alpha waves produced by RED-LED flashing at 10 Hz may be due either to photobiomodulation on the cytochromo c oxidase [4,5] and/or of the photopigment melanopsin, at the level of the retinal ganglion cells, that reinforce the incoming cone-LHC signal and therefore the projection to the SCN [6] or to reinforcement of postsynaptic short term responsiveness, in retinal cone-LHC synapse, due to repetitive stimulation [7,8] or both. We may speculate that the increase of amplitude and phase reset of alpha rhythms, due to flashing at 10 Hz, is primarily modulated in the retina.

Locomotor activity rhythm in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica elvers

Under artificial LD cycles （6, 12, 18 L）, the elvers of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, showed a 24 h cycle of locomotor activity rhythm being most active at light transitions ： the eels＇ activity rose to a primary peak after lights-off, followed by a quiescent period during which they buried into the shelters or lying motionlessly on sand for most of the time, and then reached a secondary peak before lights-on. Elvers could resynchronize their activity rhythm with a new photo cycle within 4 d. Moreover, their activity level at dark phase significantly increased as the light period was prolonged ： higher activity levels during shorter dark period. However, the elvers did not display clearly the existence of a circadian rhythm under constant light or dark conditions. The timing of daily activity rhythm evidenced in the Japanese eels may occur through the action of the LD cycles with a weak participation of an endogenous circadian system. In all the LD cycles, over 99% of the activity occurred in the dark phase, indicating that the eels were always nocturnally active no matter what time of day it might be. Under 12 L conditions, the eels＇ activity level and the time outside sand were significantly elevated both at light and dark phases as temperature increased from 10 - 15 to 20 - 25 ℃. The activity rhythm pattern （ i. e. , two peaks occurring around light transitions） did not apparently change among temperatures. However, in contrast with the primary activity peaks immediately after lights-off at 20 and 25 ℃, the timing of the primary peaks at 10 and 15 ℃ showed a latency of a few hours following lights-off, indicating the inhibiting effect of low temperature on the eels＇ activity.

Effective Lighting Design Standards Impacting Patient Care: A Systems Approach

Background: Most healthcare settings are lit by a combination of daylight entering through windows, skylights and electric-light sources. It is important to understand how these two types of light sources differ to understand their relative impacts on human health and performance. It is found important to have a starting point in healing architecture and create an environment with knowledge of users sensory and functionally needs and looks at how hospital wards can support patients’ experience or maybe even have a positive influence on the recovery process. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to evaluate the impact of light on the quality of healthcare services was conducted. Several databases were systematically searched and evaluated. Results: Majority of the studies showed that distributions of light within a space in hospitals could substantially influence the health as well as perception of people within it. The study showed that in a multi-function and diverse habitant environment such as hospital treatment rooms, lighting system design plays a major role for comfort of the patients, the critical visual requirements for hospital staff, the comfort and visual need of the visitors. In addition to these goals, energy cost savings through the careful design of lighting schemes used in such applications. Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that shows the technical, architectural and energy aspects of providing optimal lighting conditions in different areas of a healthcare facility are important for patient, staff and energy conservation and cost within the hospitals.

日间光暴露对睡眠的优化效果及作用机制

光照作为最重要的授时因子,对机体的昼夜节律与睡眠具有显著的调节作用。已有研究发现日间更多的光照暴露,特别是晨间高强度光照会显著促进个体的夜间睡眠,但这一优化效果会受到光照参数和个体特征等的调节。日间光照可以通过前置或延迟机体的生物节律进而对睡眠产生间接影响;而日光暴露是否会通过调节睡眠内稳态压力直接影响睡眠尚不明晰。未来研究可探究日光水平与时间对睡眠的交互影响,面向特定人群如长期室内办公者、轮班工作人员或睡眠障碍群体构建健康人因照明模式。

动态光环境的构建及其在密闭环境和医院的应用

自然光环境呈24 h稳定的周期性变化,有效地同步人体的生物节律。在缺少自然光照以及倒班的环境中,模拟自然光照的人工光环境对保持生物节律,避免和改善与节律紊乱相关的疾病是非常重要的。通过分析自然光的特点,对动态光源光谱的司晨节律因子(CAF)的变化、色温变化、光谱的连续性及显色指数等做出规定。在地下室、极地环境及其他长期人工光源环境等密闭空间中,仿自然光动态变化、高显色性、高光谱连续性的特点,都有利于生物节律及节律相关的睡眠、警觉性和认知表现。动态光环境作为一种非侵入式治疗方式,在节律相关疾病的治疗中得到广泛应用。针对医护等轮班工作人员开发的动态光环境,在夜晚呈现低色温、中等照度、高显色性等特点,能帮助轮班工作人员保持生物节律稳定、改善主观体验。

生物节律紊乱与免疫炎症相互作用在抑郁症发病及治疗中作用研究进展

抑郁症的发生发展机制尚未明确,生物节律与免疫炎症都与其相关,同时,生物节律与免疫炎症存在互相影响,因此二者之间的交互作用或许是抑郁症的致病环节之一。本文从临床表现、生物学机制和治疗应用三个方面总结了目前生物节律和免疫炎症交互作用在抑郁症发病中的角色,发现它们与不同的症状和疗效相关,可以根据患者的炎症水平和生物节律选择相应的治疗方法,这种交互作用对抑郁症患者的个体精准化治疗有潜在价值。

光照强度、时间、波长影响睡眠-觉醒昼夜节律的研究进展

昼夜节律是维系生命活动的重要节律,可调控生物体进食、体温变化、睡眠等多种生理活动,其中睡眠-觉醒是有机生物体的一种正常、重要的昼夜节律,是生命活动所必需的生理状态。光被认为是影响昼夜节律的主要环境因子,光照强度、时间、波长均可直接或间接影响生物体的各项生理活动,其对生物体睡眠-觉醒昼夜节律也存在不可忽视的影响。近年来,光照治疗以及光照模式动物广泛应用于睡眠-觉醒昼夜节律的临床及机制研究。

光照对大小鼠繁育性能影响的研究进展

环境光照对实验动物的性成熟及繁殖性能力有着重要的影响,不同国家和地区对实验动物大小鼠环境光照的要求有着较大差别,本文讨论了光照周期、光线波长对大小鼠繁殖的影响,对光照相关的其他因素,如光污染、笼子摆放位置和笼盒颜色等问题进行分析并提出相应解决建议。提出墙壁及地面灯带设计和移动光源的方法来解决实验动物设施光源分布不均问题,同时讨论了工作人员相关知识培训的重要性。

持续光照和熬夜对雌性生殖功能的影响

近年来,轮班制度、加班、熬夜逐渐成为生活常态,越来越多的人长时间暴露在人造光源下,使光污染成为威胁人类尤其是城市人口健康的严峻问题之一。研究发现,持续光照和熬夜可能与女性月经紊乱、不孕、复发性流产等息息相关,其相关机制尚不清楚,可能通过抑制下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴,导致内分泌紊乱,卵泡发育异常,黄体功能不全以及机体的代谢紊乱。综述持续光照对女性生殖功能的影响、持续光照与不孕、复发性流产等之间的关系和可能的作用机制。

反季节光照模拟对大鼠血清褪黑素及性腺轴激素的影响

目的:通过比较反季节光照模拟与自然季节光照对大鼠血清褪黑素及性腺轴激素分泌的影响,探讨光节律的周年变化在生物体季节性生理变化中的重要地位。方法:以夏至日和冬至日作为冬夏比较的参照点,运用人工气候模拟箱反季节模拟冬夏光节律的变化,观测并比较模拟组与自然组大鼠血清褪黑素及性腺轴激素的水平。结果:反季节光照模拟使模拟组大鼠血清褪黑素及性腺轴激素的水平产生了与所模拟季节的自然组大鼠相同的季节性变化。结论:光节律的周年变化是影响机体产生季节性生理变化的扳机;松果腺则可以作为研究人体与自然内外沟通机理的切入点,被引入中医"天人相应"方面的研究。

薜荔榕小蜂出飞节律与光因子的关系

本文论述薜荔榕小蜂（Ｗｉｅｂｅｓｉａｐｕｍｉｌａｅ）从薜荔（ＦｉｃｕｓＰｕｍｉｌａ）的隐头花序中出飞的节律和光因子对此节律的影响。实验结果表明了光线是小蜂建立昼夜律的决定性因素之一，清晨漫射迸花序的第一束＊光线是节律起始点，在实验条件下，小蜂的节律可以补颠倒，但是节律一旦启动则不再改变．每个隐头花序平均出飞１１９０只雌蜂，持续８ｄ，以第３天为最多，一天中的出飞高峰９：００前后．