INVESTIGATION OF LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOROF BUILDING STRUCTURAL STEELS UNDEREARTHQUAKE LOADING

Based on the failure model of building structural steels under earthquake loading, the low cycle fatigue test at constant strain, the stochastical fatigue test under real earthquake load spectrum and the structural fatigue test are carried out. The experimental results show that microalloying of V Ti and Nb can improve the anti-seismic propersties of steel bars. In the high strain and shori life range, both the static strength and ductility of steels are very important to increasing the low cycle fatigue resistance of steels.

Quantitative investigation on collapse margin of steel high-rise buildings subjected to extremely severe earthquakes

Reponses of structures subjected to severe earthquakes sometimes significantly surpass what was considered in the design.It is important to investigate the failure mechanism and collapse margin of structures beyond design,especially for high-rise buildings.In this study,steel high-rise buildings using either square concrete-filled-tube（CFT） columns or steel tube columns are designed.A detailed three-dimensional（3 D） structural model is developed to analyze the seismic behavior of a steel high-rise towards a complete collapse.The effectiveness is verified by both component tests and a full-scale shaking table test.The collapse margin,which is defined as the ratio of PGA between the collapse level to the design major earthquake level（Level 2）,is quantified by a series of numerical simulations using incremental dynamic analyses（IDA）.The baseline building using CFT columns collapsed with a weak first story mechanism and presented a collapse margin ranging from 10 to 20.The significant variation in the collapse margin was caused by the different characteristics of the input ground motions.The building using equivalent steel columns collapsed earlier due to the significant shortening of the locally buckled columns,exhibiting only 57% of the collapse margin of the baseline building.The influence of reducing the height of the first story was quite significant.The shortened first story not only enlarged the collapse margin by 20%,but also changed the collapse mode.

Seismic response of high-rise steel framed buildings with Chevron-braced designed according to Venezuelan codes

The object of this study is to determine the seismic response of regular high-rise steel buildings with chevron-braced frames. Mechanics models of three buildings of 14, 18 and 20 stories are studied, all of them with similar geometric characteristics in plant and elevation. These models are realized using prescriptions and parameters from venezuelan design codes. The seismic action is carry on through varius synthetic design spectrum compatible accelerograms defined by the seismic codes in this study, with three levels of intensity corresponding to three specific Limit States. Dynamic analysis is used to compute parameters of ductility, over strength and maximum displacements. From these results it can be concluded that chevron-braced frames presented a good overall performance and non V-braced frames show greater damage due to dynamic actions, validating non linear dynamic analysis as a very powerful tool to seismic-resistance design and chevron-braced frames as a very useful choice in improving the response of tall steel structures. since this lateral bracing system is absent from Venezuelan seismic codes.

Optimum structural design of full-scale steel buildings using drift-tribe-charged system search

In this paper,the potential of utilizing improved metaheuristic approaches in optimal design of building structures is concerned.In this regard,the drift-tribe-charged system search algorithm is proposed that the position and velocity updating processes of the charged system search is developed by implementing the mathematical presentation of the free-electron model utilized for metal conductors.In addition,the searching phase of the developed algorithm is also divided into three separate phases in order to improve the convergence capability of the algorithm.By means of these modifications,the exploitation and exploration rates of the standard algorithm are enhanced.In order to determine the ability of the proposed improved metaheuristic method considering some complex optimization problems,a 10-story steel building structure with 1026 structural members alongside a 60-story structure with 8272 members are utilized as numerical examples.The overall capability of the developed metaheuristic approach is compared with other metaheuristics.A total number of 30 independent runs have been conducted for each of the standard and proposed methods while a statistical analysis is also conducted for comparative purposes.The obtained optimum results demonstrated that the proposed metaheuristic approach is capable of preparing better outcomes than other metaheuristics.

Study on Steel Bar Construction Technology of Frameshear Wall in High-Rise Buildings

The development of the construction sector is rapidly growing,which induce competition at global level.In order to achieve the current economic development,more high-rise buildings construction projects were commenced without considering importance of the land to human and other living organism.On the other hand,the quality and safety aspect of the engineering technology used must be analyzed carefully and to be the primary aim for engineers to reduce any risk of harm in future.Many of the high-rise buildings in China consist of a frame or skeleton of reinforced concrete wall which need to be strengthened with shear walls to improve the stability and safety of the structures.According to practical work experience and relevant theoretical knowledge,the researcher introduced the reinforcement construction technology of frame-shear wall for high-rise buildings in depth from aspects like the arrangement of steel bar,construction preparation,steel bar anchorage,precautions to follow for the related work in future.

Running States of China's Iron & Steel,Nonferrous,and Building Materials Industries in 2012

Iron ＆ Steel Industry China＇s outputs of crude steel, steel products, coke and ferrous alloys in 2012 were 716.54 million tons （up 3.1% YOY）, 051.86 million tons （up 7.7% YOY）, 443.23 million tons （up 5.2% YOY） and 31.29 million tons （up 15% YOY）,

Full-scale dynamic testing of response-controlled buildings and their components:concepts,methods,and findings

A series of shake-table tests was conducted by inserting and replacing 4 different types of dampers,or by removing them in a full-scale 5-story steel frame building. The objective is to validate response-control technologies that are increasingly adopted for major Japanese buildings without being attested to-date by a major earthquake. Test results are briefly described,and good performance of the dampers and frame demonstrated. The concepts of the full-scale building tests and various contributions are discussed. The difficulty associated with full-scale dynamic testing is explained.

Influence of rooftop telecommunication tower on set back-step back building resting on different ground slopes

In the hilly region due to scarcity of the plain area, buildings like set back-step back are more often used and also as a big surge in the telecommunication industries, rooftop tower adaptation is very common story nowadays. In the present study an analogy has been drawn to find out the influence of the rooftop telecommunication tower on the setback-step back building resting on ground at 20° and 30° slopes. A dynamic analysis has been performed and compared on the 4 legged angled section telecommunication tower which is located on the roof top of set back-step back building by varying positions of tower with the existing host structure built up on ground slope of 20° and 30° in both directions(X and Y).

Recent progress of seismic research on tall buildings in China Mainland

As a result of rapid economic growth and urbanization in the past two decades,many tall buildings have been constructed in China Mainland,offering researchers and practitioners an excellent opportunity for research and practice in the field of structural engineering. This paper reviews progress by researchers throughout China Mainland on the seismic research of tall buildings,focusing on three major topics that impact the seismic performance of tall buildings. These are:(1) new types of steel-concrete composite structural members such as steel-concrete composite shear walls and columns,(2) earthquake resilient shear wall structures such as shear walls with replaceable structural components,self-centering shear walls and rocking walls,and(3) performance-based seismic design,including seismic performance index,performance level and design method. The paper concludes by presenting future research needs and directions in this field.

Efficient Methodology for Design of Industrial Blast Resistant Electrical Substations and Control Buildings

This paper describes economical strategies to design blast resistant electrical substations and control buildings that are commonly used at industrial plants.Limited literature addressed design aspects for this class of buildings.Furthermore,little guidelines are available in practice to regulate this type of steel construction.The first part of the paper overviews the architectural and structural layouts of electrical buildings.Blast resistance requirements for occupied control buildings are also discussed.Simplified multiple degrees of freedom(MDOF)dynamic model is also illustrated that can be utilized for analysis of the blast resistant buildings.The economical aspects and cost savings resulting in using mobile blast resistant buildings are discussed.The article also highlights the engineering challenges that are encountered in design of mobile electrical facilities.The transportation procedure and design requirements are briefly described.Guidelines are proposed to calculate the center of mass of the building combined with interior equipment.The proposed design concept for electrical and control buildings is cost effective and can be implemented in industry to reduce projects cost.

Elastic-plastic study on high building with SRC transferring story

A new type of transferring structure for steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams is used in high building. The pushover analysis method was used to study the failure mechanism and ductility of SRC transferring structure through consulting pseudo-static test results for the structure. And, the occurrence order and position of the plastic hinge, the weak story and seismic capacity of high building with SRC transferring story were also studied through consulting shaking table test results for the high building, showing that the seismic behavior of high building with SRC transferring story is good.

基于BIM技术与模拟退火算法的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法

传统村镇住宅结构设计需要进行大量的人工试算与重复建模,而受制于建设成本,村镇住宅无法像城镇住宅一样通过设计师进行专业的结构设计与验算,其安全性与经济性均难以满足要求。为此,提出一种村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法,包括智能建模与智能优化两个环节。基于图层自动识别算法、光学字符识别技术、自适应分块算法提出村镇轻钢框架结构BIM智能建模方法,包括图层识别、轴文本数据提取、墙体轮廓提取等,智能建模结果基本满足实际工程要求。基于提出的两阶段模拟退火算法给出村镇轻钢框架结构的智能优化方法,优化速度较快,优化效果良好。通过实际工程案例对提出的智能设计方法进行验证,结果表明,提出的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法具有可行性,与传统的人工设计方法相比,设计周期可缩短70%以上,材料用量、结构设计指标接近人工设计结果。

轻钢装配式建筑性能优化设计综述

轻钢装配式结构施工周期短、抗震节能、可回收利用率高,但也存在热惰性差、重复热桥多、隔振性能差等缺陷。以CNKI数据库筛选出的有关轻钢装配式建筑的383篇文献和Web of Science核心合集的731篇文献为数据来源,利用CiteSpace对发文情况、研究热点及发展趋势进行可视化分析,为以后的相关研究提供参考。综述包括轻钢龙骨、轻钢轻质混凝土、轻钢框架等在内的典型装配式轻钢结构性能优化设计的研究现状。首先,从整体抗震性能、自攻螺钉连接、龙骨截面及腹板开孔、保温材料及构造角度分析了组合墙体力学性能优化设计的特点、效果和改进思路。之后,从增设保温材料、热桥阻断设计、相变储能应用和接缝密封处理4个方面提出优化墙体热工性能的方法和效果。最后,阐述了围护结构隔绝空气声、结构振动噪声及振动舒适度的优化设计方法,总结了多目标并行优化的研究现状和未来发展方向。

适用于区域建筑群实时震害模拟的LSTM-FC组合深度网络模型研究

建筑物破坏在地震灾害中往往会导致巨大损失,对城市建筑群进行灾前灾时的震害预测具有重要意义。传统BP(back propagation)网络和CNN(convolutional neural networks)网络等人工智能方法在进行震害预测时多集中于提取建筑物信息。然而,这些方法在处理地震波的时序数据方面有所不足,导致其在整合和分析对地震灾害预测至关重要的时序相关因素时效果有限。因此,本文提出一种耦合LSTM(long short-term memory)和FC(fully connected)神经网络的震害预测方法。LSTM网络擅长处理具有时间序列特性的地震波信息,能够捕捉和分析随时间变化的地震波动模式。同时,全连接网络可用于综合分析所有相关的震害因子。通过对云浮地区265栋典型钢混建筑进行指标量化并确定输入指标(震害影响因子)和输出指标(震害指数),利用LSTM-FC组合深度网络、CNN网络和BP网络模型对数据进行训练并优化。通过将LSTM-FC网络模型的预测结果与弹塑性时程分析比较,发现该模型在拟合效果和精度方面优于传统的BP和CNN模型。拟合效果提升了36.8%和10.6%,精度分别提升了77.6%和91.7%,表明LSTM-FC网络在地震损害预测上更为有效。同时,将该方法应用于广东省云浮市钢混结构群震害预测,构建的易损性矩阵与华南地区的易损性矩阵均值进行了对比,显示误差相对较小,说明该模型不仅理论上可行,在实际应用中也能表现出较高的准确性和有效性。

轻量化整体液压顶升式钢平台在宁波曼哈顿大厦项目中的应用

宁波曼哈顿大厦标准层核心筒采用自主研发的轻量化整体液压顶升式钢平台,其以刚性桁架结构为主体,顶部整体钢平台可安装集成布料机,并悬挂核心筒墙体模板及4~5层操作平台,通过全作业面防护保障了多作业面穿插作业。介绍了该钢平台安装、运行、拆除施工流程及重难点管理。实践表明,采用该钢平台施工,缩短了主要工序时间,从而有效缩短了核心筒标准层工期。

场地地震动特征周期对高层建筑结构工程材料用量和破坏状态影响的研究

建立了2个典型高层建筑结构(剪力墙结构和框架剪力墙)的分析模型,在层间位移角满足规范规定限值的前提下,研究了混凝土用量和钢筋用量随着抗震设计地震动特征周期改变的变化规律;另外,保持两个结构模型不变,通过改变设计地震动特征周期的取值,分析了不同特征周期下两个结构模型的层间位移角最大值,给出了特征周期取值不同时两个结构模型的破坏状态。研究结果表明:层间位移角满足规范要求时,随着特征周期的变大,剪力墙结构和框架剪力墙结构中混凝土和钢筋的用量在增大,特征周期越大,混凝土和钢筋用量增量越大;特征周期增值相同时,框架剪力墙结构中混凝土用量增量和钢筋用量增量要小于剪力墙结构中的混凝土用量和钢筋用量;结构模型保持不变,特征周期变大时会影响结构的破坏状态,但基本都处于轻微破坏状态下,除了剪力墙结构在T_(g)=0.9 s时达到了中等破坏的状态。

超高层建筑钢结构施工的关键技术和措施

随着城市化的不断推进,超高层建筑的兴建成为城市发展的一种趋势。在超高层建筑中,钢结构因其轻质、高强度等特点,成为超高层建筑的首选方案。文中通过对钢结构特征的分析,深入剖析了超高层建筑中的钢结构施工流程及影响因素。在此基础上,详细讨论了柱基础检查、钢柱吊装和钢柱连接等关键技术与应用措施,包括了施工过程中的质量监控、安全管理和技术检测等方面,旨在为超高层建筑钢结构施工提供可行的解决方案。

山地大跨结构关键设计技术研究

恒力应急指挥中心三侧靠山,形成两个高低接地面、具有特色的掉层高层建筑。结构通过设置钢桁架连接构件,将主体结构与山体形成有效连接,将掉层部分简化了嵌固端,简化了结构的边界条件。采用弹塑性分析对结构在罕遇地震下的承载力及刚度进行验证。同时采用山体与主体结构一体化的分析技术,找寻在真实地震工况下,主体与山体连接构件的内力,验证其可靠性。对于大跨结构,采用了新型的预应力型钢混凝土梁,有效降低结构自重,减小梁高,大幅提高结构效率。本工程属于具有特色的山地建筑,结构设计采用创新处理方法,能够为类似工程项目提供参考。