Windows Influence on Room Daylighting in Residential Buildings

Daylighting studies in buildings are key parts of environmental analysis and can be easily conducted at the early stages of design as part of environmentally responsive building design as well as to inform the final architectural layout and interior design. The main aim of this study is to demonstrate how such daylighting studies can be completed at the early stages of design and, at the same time, to show the impact of window design and positioning on building indoor environments. The paper is focused on a study of window influence on room daylighting in residential buildings and computer lighting simulations in software packages： Windows Daylighting System and Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, have been carried out for different style and positioning of windows using several case studies. The main findings clearly indicated that not only the window size and style matters, but also the positioning of windows considering external walls which would make a significant influence on room daylighting levels and, therefore, such daylight studies are very important for the early stage of environmental analysis during building design.

Modified Lorentz Transformations and Space-Time Splitting According to the Inverse Relativity Model

Analysis of a four-dimensional displacement vector on the fabric of space-time in the special or general case into two Four-dimensional vectors, according to specific conditions leads to the splitting of the total fabric of space-time into a positive subspace-time that represents the space of causality and a negative subspace-time which represents a space without causality, thus, in the special case, we have new transformations for the coordinates of space and time modified from Lorentz transformations specific to each subspace, where the contraction of length disappears and the speed of light is no longer a universal constant. In the general case, we have new types of matric tensor, one for positive subspace-time and the other for negative subspace-time. We also find that the speed of the photon decreases in positive subspace-time until it reaches zero and increases in negative subspace-time until it reaches the speed of light when the photon reaches the Schwarzschild radius.

Thermal Analysis of Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Basic Heat Transfer Theory

We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estimate the device temperature, which is linearly with electrical input power. The simulation results show that there is almost no temperature gradient within the OLED device working under steady state conditions. Furthermore, thermal analysis simulation results show that the surface properties （convective heat transfer coetficient and surface emissivity） of the substrate or cathode can significantly affect the temperature distribution of the OLED.

Light weight analysis of a skeleton vehicle frame using BS960 super-high-strength steel

Static strength finite element analysis was conducted to decrease the weight of a skeleton vehicle＇s frame. Results indicated that the maximum stress occurs on the front beam ＇s variable section area. Dynamic sensitivity analysis elucidated the relationship between the maximum stress and the thickness of a particular beam,e. g.,top,middle,and bottom beam. Displacement was analyzed by the key part that influenced the maximum stress. Finally,the new plan using BS960 super-high-strength beam steel and the preferred beam thickness was compared with the original plan. New combinations of beam thickness were introduced on the basis of different purposes; the maximum responding light w eight ratio was 21%.

Ambient Light Alters Gene Expression Pattern of Enzymes and Transcription Factors Involved in Phenylpropanoid Metabolic Pathway in Potato under Chilling Stress

[Objective] Expressions of key enzymatic genes involved in phenyl-propanoid metabolic pathway in potato and StR2R3-MYB and StTGA transcripters were investigated in the present study. [Method] The primitive cultivar Yan was the materials for replicated trials and total RNA extracted from tissues of seedlings. Re-al-time florescent quantification PCR, multiple intervals of air temperature, light-il umi-nation and time-duration were factors of treatments in the experiment. Data on gene expressions were obtained and proceed to asses and compare effects based on statistical analysis. [Result] The results showed negative correlations between tem-perature degrees and expressions of StPAL, StDFR and StR2R3-MYB genes but not StTGA. Positive correlations, however, were derived between those of StCHS, StDFR and StR2R3-MYB and light-intensity. Significant interactive effects between expressions of StPAL and StDFR and treatments, light intensity and temperature degree, along the phenylpropanoid pathway were observed. Transcription regulator of StR2R3-MYB showed significant positive effect on the expression of StCHS of potato. StTGA transcription factor, on the other hand, gave significant negative ef-fects on the expression of StDFR. [Conclusion] Results from present study reveal the role of environmental factors and complicate interactions between such condi-tions as temperature-light il umination and mRNA function of target genes.

Performance analysis of ghost imaging lidar in background light environment

The effect of background light on the imaging quality of three typical ghost imaging(GI) lidar systems(namely narrow pulsed GI lidar, heterodyne GI lidar, and pulse-compression GI lidar via coherent detection) is investigated. By computing the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of fluctuation-correlation GI, our analytical results, which are backed up by numerical simulations, demonstrate that pulse-compression GI lidar via coherent detection has the strongest capacity against background light, whereas the reconstruction quality of narrow pulsed GI lidar is the most vulnerable to background light. The relationship between the peak SNR of the reconstruction image andσ(namely, the signal power to background power ratio) for the three GI lidar systems is also presented, and theresults accord with the curve of SNR-σ.

Applications and challenges for single-bacteria analysis by flow cytometry

Flow cytometry(FCM)is a powerful technique for single-bacteria analysis via simultaneous light-scattering and fluorescence measurements.By offering high-throughput,quantitative,and multiparameter analysis at the single-cell level,FCM has gained an increased popularity in microbiological research,food safety monitoring,water quality control,and clinical diagnosis.Here we will review the recent applications of flow cytometry in areas such as(1)total bacterial cell count,(2)bacterial viability analysis,(3)specific bacterial detection and identification,(4)characterization of physiological changes under environmental perturbations,and(5)biological function studies.Nevertheless,despite these widespread applications,challenges still remain for the detection of small sizes of bacteria and biochemical features that cannot be brightly stained via fluorescence.Recent improvement in FCM instrumentation will be discussed,and particularly the development of high sensitivity flow cytometry for advanced analysis of single bacterial cells will be highlighted.

Analysis of XGM-Based Wavelength-Conversion in SOAs Using Assist Light

Wavelength conversion based on the cross-gain modulation (XGM) in a traveling-wave type semiconductor optical amplifier (TW-SOA) using assist light is theoretically studied. Taking into account the spatial and temporal variations of carrier density along the SOA length, the dependency of the conversion response on the assist light conditions is simulated both for co- and counter-propagating assist light schemes.

An analysis on the situation of 6 leading light bus makers in 2007

The 2006 light bus market was highlighted by recovery, diesel engine and dark horse. The growth rate of the sales achieved a 10 percent up year on year.