Triangles Technique for Time and Location Finding of the Lightning Discharge in Spherical Model of the Earth

The spherical model of time and location calculation of the lightning discharge is given. The calculations are made by means of radio signals detection by sensors of the distributed network. The full solution of a problem of lightning discharge cloud-ground type location for three sensors is given. Based on this task the lightning location method for a network of sensors was developed. By means of computational experiments, the analysis of accuracy of the model depending on radio signals detection accuracy at observing stations was done.

Process Analysis of Double Circuit Transmission Line Trip-out on the Same Tower Due to Lightning

In recent years,several failures of double circuit transmission line on the same tower due to lightning were happened in Beijing power grid.Although it can be reclosed successful,the lightning strike caused a grave threat to the power grid security.The cause of the accident and the accident process were studied for the sake of further understanding of the impact of lightning on power grid.As an example,110 kV double circuit transmission line(Xilong-line) was analyzed.At first,the system topology was given.Through the analysis on relay protection actions and the fault recorder data,over voltage on the insulator strings was calculated.Based on the analysis and the calculation,accident cause and the process were presented respectively.Secondly,it comes to the conclusion that the lightning failure was caused by counterattack.The wave of the lightning over voltage would spread to the not grounded neutral point of the transformers,and make the neutral protective gap breakdown,then cause freewheeling with the frequency of 50 Hz.As results of the relay protection,the double circuit transmission line all tripped out.Finally,the causes of the accident were proposed that included terrain features,large corner towers,strong thunderstorm weather and poor grounded contact of the tower.

基于EtherCAT的井下电网防越级跳闸方案研究

为解决井下电网在发生短路故障时易出现的越级跳闸问题,对数据传输的实时性有很高的要求,但目前井下微机保护装置所采用的通讯方式已经很难满足这一要求。针对这一问题,并结合EtherCAT通信高实时性的特点,提出了基于EtherCAT的煤矿井下防越级跳闸方案,并对系统的工作原理进行了分析。利用实验室现有Beckhoff公司的带有EtherCAT接口的设备,对该系统的主站和从站进行了设计,搭建了基于EtherCAT的井下电网防越级跳闸系统试验仿真平台。试验结果证明,该方案可以解决井下电网防越级跳闸的数据传输实时性问题。

基于EtherCAT/RS485的井下防越级监控系统研究

针对目前井下供电系统保护装置越级跳闸的问题,在现有高压综保器RS485通信接口的基础上,构建了基于EtherCAT/RS485的井下防越级监控系统。采用小波变换进行信号去噪,系统地面主站实时监控井下供电系统,并根据对各级高压综保器出口动作值进行逻辑判断,确定故障点的位置,发送跳闸指令,驱动短路故障处断路器动作。根据EtherCAT和RS485通信理论分析计算,该系统满足速断保护实时性要求。在实验室,采用ZKJB-2000高压综保器和倍福TwinCAT主站软件对系统进行了测试,测试结果表明系统具有较高的可靠性和实时性。

Research on Evaluating Index of Lightning Protection Safety Performance of High Voltage Overhead Transmission Line

In order to improve the lightning protection performance of transmission lines, lightning protection management has been divided into every tower that lightning protection performance has been evaluated respectively. According to factors such as landform, span, tower type, grounding resistance, isolator type, and so on, relative ratio of tripping operation of every tower in the line has been calculated to evaluate its lightning protection safety performance, it is beneficial to operation maintenance and lightning reconstruction of transmission lines.

Selection model of trip time for rural population

Referring to the 1 248 survey data of rural population in 14 provinces of China, the influencing factors of trip time choice were analyzed. Based on the basic theory of disaggregate model and its modelling method, nine grades were selected as the alternatives of trip time, the variables affecting time choice and the method getting their values were determined, and a multinomial logit (MNL) model was developed. Another 1 200 trip data of rural population were selected to testify the model's validity. The result shows that the maximum absolute error of each period between calculated value and statistic is 3.6%, so MNL model has high calculation accuracy.

Modeling of Lightning Shielding Failure in UHV Transmission Line Based on Randomness Theory

The operation data obtained abroad indicates that shielding failure in UHV transmission lines mostly accounts for the tripping-out accidents introduced by lightning striking the transmission line.Based on the discharge theories of long air gap and randomness theory,a leader progression model of lightning shielding failure is presented in this paper.The random characteristics of the downward and upward leader are simulated in this model.The ground slope angel is also considered in this model by using coordinate transformation.Moreover,the system voltage is also taken into consideration in this model.The simulation results show that the good agreement between this model and the field data.And the results suggest that return striking exist obviously in UHV transmission line.

Application of Data from a Lightning Location System in Huai'an Region

Based on data of cloud-to-ground lightning detected by a lightning location system in Jiangsu Province from 2007 to 2012and data of thunderstorm days from seven meteorological observation stations in Huai'an during 1961-2012,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning in Huai'an were analyzed.The results show that the total frequency of cloud-to-ground lightning in one day was closely related to the intensity and frequency of thunder and lightning.The seasonal variations in the total frequency of cloud-to-ground lightning in Huai'an.The total frequency was shown in unimodal distribution,and the extreme values always appeared in July or August.Most cloud-to-ground lightning was negative,and its frequency accounted for about95.3% of the total frequency.Cloud-to-ground lightning density was high in the south of Huai'an and low in the north,and the serious and very serious ground flash zones concentrated in the south of Hongze County,and most parts of Xuyi and Jinhu County,so lightning protection should be an important task particularly in these regions.

基于TCP流RTT测量的Tethering行为检测架构

Tethering行为是一种移动设备通过自身传输介质共享其互联网连接服务的行为,其不仅对移动互联网造成运营压力和收益影响,还对移动互联网隐藏其内部网络结构,造成网络安全隐患。由于Tethering存在诸多混淆和规避方法,现有Tethering行为检测技术难以有效检测。鉴于此,分析了移动互联网通信基站中,Tethering行为终端在数据流量的处理、转发等特征,以及移动互联网用户流量中传输控制协议(TCP)流往返时延(RTT)的相关特性,提出一种基于TCP流RTT测量的Tethering检测架构,构建了所提架构的测试网络环境。实验结果表明:所提架构在检测Tethering行为中具有有效性,实现了利用无监督学习和被动监测网络流量对移动互联网中Tethering行为的有效检测,对Tethering行为检测的准确率达到97.50%。

An analysis of ridesharing trip time using advanced text mining techniques

The time cost of ridesharing rental represents a crucial factor influencing users'decisions to rent a car.Researchers have explored this aspect through text analysis and questionnaires.However,the current research faces limitations in terms of data quantity and analysis methods,preventing the extraction of key information.Therefore,there is a need to further optimize the level of public opinion analysis.This study aimed to investigate user perspectives concerning travel time in ridesharing,both pre and post-pandemic,within the Twitter application.Our analysis focused on a dataset from users residing in the USA and India,with considerations for demographic variables such as age and gender.To accomplish our research objectives,we employed Latent Dirichlet Allocation for topic modeling and BERT for sentiment analysis.Our findings revealed significant influences of the pandemic and the user's country of origin on sentiment.Notably,there was a discernible increase in positive sentiment among users from both countries following the pandemic,particularly among older individuals.These findings bear relevance to the ridesharing industry,offering insights that can aid in establishing benchmarks for improving travel time.Such improvements are instrumental in enabling ridesharing companies to effectively compete with other public transportation alternatives.

电力系统中的雷电暂态感知、监测和应用

雷电是造成电力系统故障的首要原因,实现对雷电暂态电压电流信号的感知、监测和数据应用对于维护系统安全稳定运行具有重要意义。面向日益复杂的新型电力系统结构形态,传感器件在满足雷电宽频测量的基础上,监测装置正朝着微型化、高精度、强互联和易取能方向发展。因此,该文基于雷电暂态感知方法、监测装置关键技术和雷击数据统计应用的研究现状,首先介绍了基于不同原理的电压/电场和电流/磁场传感技术,并分析了各自的优缺点;其次梳理了传感器微型化、时间同步、通信和供能等关键技术的最新进展;随后通过对雷击暂态波形的统计分析,探讨了监测数据在雷击故障识别与定位中的应用;最后对电力系统中雷电暂态感知、监测与应用进行总结并对其发展趋势作出展望。

雷电冲击下土体应力及弹塑性界面时程分析

雷电作为自然界一种极端天气的表现形式,常给地基、地面、高耸建筑等造成严重破坏。工程防雷措施依赖于土体雷电冲击特性。现阶段,研究人员大多从电气工程角度探究雷电冲击土体造成的危害,但因学科间的差异与局限,雷电作用下岩土工程与电气工程的交叉融合方面的研究十分欠缺。本文构建土体雷电冲击模型,基于电弧通道能量平衡方程计算雷电放电产生的冲击波压力,将冲击波压力作为外加荷载作用在土体中,并通过修正Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则考虑动荷载下土体应变硬化,利用土体的理想锁定状态方程(Idealized Locked Equation of State)和动态扩孔方法考虑冲击波非稳态加载,探究雷电冲击下土体的弹塑性界面及应力时程变化规律。研究表明:在雷电冲击下,土体应力随时间变化呈现先陡增后迅速衰减的趋势,应力突变点表明土体此时正处于弹塑性交界面;在应力突变点之前,土体附加应力趋于0,处于弹性状态。任一时刻下,随着逐渐远离雷电冲击点,土体应力呈现迅速衰减的趋势,应力发生突变骤降表明此处土体正处于弹塑性交界面;在突变点之后土体附加应力趋于0,处于弹性状态。土体压缩系数对土体的弹塑性界面变化具有显著影响,随着压缩指标增大,土体塑性区半径逐渐减小;随着土体黏聚力逐渐增大,土体塑性区半径逐渐减小;增大土体弹性模量可以增大土体塑性区半径,但变化幅度相对较小;电流波形对土体塑性区中的应力会产生较大影响,而对土体弹性区影响较小。

考虑暂态过电压特性的架空输电线路雷击故障时空预警方法

针对运行环境复杂多变,故障率持续居高不下,雷击故障占比较大,并具有随机性与无法预知性的问题,提出考虑暂态过电压特性的架空输电线路雷击故障时空预警方法。深入解析雷击机理与雷电流,确定雷击(感应雷与直击雷)输电线路暂态过电压计算方式,通过小波多分辨率分解算法处理输电线路暂态信号,评估暂态过电压在信号频段中的能量比,识别累计故障,判断雷击点与故障点是否一致,利用单端检测确定雷击点的位置,完成架空输电线路雷击故障的时空预警。实验数据显示,在不同实验组别背景下,当阈值pΔ取值为9.3时,雷击故障识别精度达到最大值92%,雷击点定位精度高达80%。可以获得精准的雷击故障识别结果与雷击点定位结果,充分证实了提出方法具备较好的雷击故障时空预警效果。

闪电探测站点布局优化方法研究

针对闪电探测站点布局受地理条件制约的问题,提出基于布谷鸟搜索算法的站点布局优化方法。以站点坐标为自变量、站点位置范围为约束条件、目标区域内闪电平均定位误差最小为准则,确定闪电定位优化布站的目标函数,建立闪电定位布站最优化模型。实验表明,布谷鸟搜索算法优化布站后的目标区域平均定位误差为0.432 km,相比传统“Y”形、“T”形布站下的目标区域平均定位误差分别减小了17.7%和23.1%。

城市内密集交通流行程时间预测数学建模仿真

城市交通网络包含大量的道路交叉口和车辆,且受工作日和休息日多因素的影响,使得交通流量具有不确定性,增加了预测的难度。为此,提出城市密集交通流行程时间预测数学建模研究。取样城市车辆历史数据,明确数据插值点,插值处理车辆运行数据。利用深度学习数据归一化,计算平均行程时间、行程时间方差以及可靠度指标,提取城市密集交通流特征。基于卡尔曼滤波将预测问题转化成空间状态计算问题,实现密集交通流行程时间预测。通过实验证明,所建模型能够准确预测城市密集交通流行程时间,平均绝对百分误差均在2.3%以下,能帮助驾驶人合理规划出行。

四川两次极端暴雨强降水特征及与雷达回波和闪电关系分析

选取了2020年8月四川两次历史性极端暴雨过程,根据量级和持续时间对强降水进行划分,分析其时空分布特征及与雷达回波和闪电的关系。结果表明:短时强降水主要发生在22时—次日03时,降水强度为30~<50 mm/h的站次最多,区域集中在盆地西部。随着降水量级的增加,站点对应的闪电密度均增大,小时平均回波、最强回波、最弱回波均呈增强的趋势。随着降水持续时间的增加,站点对应的负地闪平均强度增强。第一次过程强降水站次与闪电频次的高值中心具有良好的对应关系。第二次过程随着降水量级增大,对应的回波均方根误差减小,而第一次过程则相反。

基于高斯过程回归的Wi-Fi RTT/RSS测距与指纹定位研究

基于往返时间(RTT)测量的智能手机Wi-Fi测距定位受限于室内环境的复杂性,仍面临稳定性差、精度低等问题。利用同步量测的Wi-Fi RTT和信号接收强度(RSS)数据,分别从测距与指纹补偿、测距定位与匹配定位优化等方面开展研究。首先,通过分析RTT测距误差规律,建立了基于高斯过程回归(GPR)的非参数测距误差补偿模型;研究了RSS数据分布,通过拟合Wi-Fi信号路径衰减模型,构建了基于GPR的RSS补偿模型。其次,开发了基于Web端的指纹库生成和指纹定位软件,可支持RSS指纹库、RTT测距指纹库自主建设和RSS/RTT指纹定位。最后,设计了基于GPR补偿的RTT测距定位、RTT指纹定位和Wi-Fi RSS指纹匹配定位算法,并综合分析了3种方法的定位性能。实验结果表明,经过高斯补偿的RTT测距定位、RTT指纹定位和RSS指纹定位的平均精度分别提升了50.81%、52.85%和48.72%,证明了高斯过程回归模型可有效提升Wi-Fi RTT/RSS测距与指纹定位的精度与稳定性。

考虑时变路网的多行程电动车辆路径问题研究

为了降低城市物流的电动车配送成本,考虑道路交通网络的时变性对电动车多行程配送活动进行研究。首先,以固定成本、充电成本和时间惩罚成本之和最小化为优化目标,构建时变路网下的多行程电动车辆路径问题模型;其次,利用自适应大规模邻域搜索算法对实际案例进行求解;最后,分别对出发时刻、路网时变性、充电策略和电价进行分析。结果表明:路网时变性在不同时刻下对成本和配送用时的影响不同,不同出发时刻有着不同的最优路线规划;电价的小范围波动对配送活动的影响很小;充电策略的选择对配送用时和成本的影响显著。

基于时序特征建模的往返时延预测方法

为提升往返时延预测的准确性与实时性,在深入挖掘和分析影响其准确度各种因素的基础上,针对往返时延变化的短期随机性与长期平稳性,提出一种基于时序特征建模的往返时延预测方法GCA-RTT。通过构建门控卷积与自注意力机制相融合的时延历史数据局部特征与长期依赖关系学习模型,实现更为精确、高效的往返时延预测。实验结果表明,GCA-RTT可以有效捕捉基于时间序列的往返时延变化特征,与其它神经网络预测方法比较,预测准确性明显提高且预测时间缩短。

基于电压行波波形特征的柔性直流输电线路雷击识别方法

柔性直流输电系统的线路主保护速动性要求极高,线路受雷击干扰后引入大量高频暂态信号易引发线路保护误动作。针对此问题,首先根据行波的传播规律分析雷击后线路电压行波特征,得出雷击干扰与故障的特征差异。雷击干扰时,暂态过程中电压行波经线路边界反射后波头极性不发生改变,行波波头到达线路边界的时间间隔大。雷击故障时,电压行波经故障点反射后波头极性发生改变,行波波头到达线路边界的时间间隔小。然后,根据电压行波波形特征差异提出长短窗结合的雷击干扰识别方法。最后,利用PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真软件对所提方法进行验证。结果表明,所提出的雷击干扰识别方案能够快速、可靠、准确地识别雷击干扰与故障情况,不受雷击位置、线路参数、雷电流参数和噪声的影响。