Lignin serves as a promising Ultraviolet(UV)absorber within sunscreen industry.However,the commercial development of lignin-containing sunscreens faces challenges due to their low sun protection factor(SPF)and dark co...Lignin serves as a promising Ultraviolet(UV)absorber within sunscreen industry.However,the commercial development of lignin-containing sunscreens faces challenges due to their low sun protection factor(SPF)and dark color in cosmetics industry.In this study,dual modifications on the chemical and physical structures of lignin were conducted to address these challenges.Initially,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol(MBBT)was grafted onto alkali lignin(AL)through an atom transfer radical polymerization reaction,resulting in a polymer of AL-graft-MBBT_(3)(AL-g-MBBT_(3)).The sunscreen prepared with 10%AL-g-MBBT_(3) displays outstand-ing sun protection performance with a SPF of 42.93 and a light color with a color difference value(ΔE)of 45.6,in contrast to 10%AL with a SPF of 4.74 and aΔE value of 49.5.Subsequently,AL-g-MBBT_(3) was transformed into normal submicron spheres(AL-g-MBBT_(3) N)and TiO_(2)-loading submicron spheres(AL-g-MBBT_(3)/TiO_(2)).The sun protection performances of 10%AL-g-MBBT_(3) N@C and AL-g-MBBT_(3)/TiO_(2)@C sunscreens obviously surpass that of AL-g-MBBT_(3)@C sunscreen,achieving SPFs of 60.38 and 66.20,respectively.Additionally,there is a considerable improve-ment in the color of these sunscreens,withΔE values of 41.8 and 36.3,respectively.These results provide valuable insights into exploring lignin’s high-value applications in sunscreen.展开更多
Lignin isolated from enzymatic hydrolyzed corn-stalks (EH-lignin) is a renewable natural polymer noted for its versatility and applicability in a vari-ety of uses. Graft copolymerization of EH-lignin with acrylamide (...Lignin isolated from enzymatic hydrolyzed corn-stalks (EH-lignin) is a renewable natural polymer noted for its versatility and applicability in a vari-ety of uses. Graft copolymerization of EH-lignin with acrylamide (AM) and the application of this copolymer as a flocculant in dye wastewater treatment were studied in this article. The influ-ences of some factors on yield of copolymer and the grafting ratio were investigated and the structure of EH-lignin/AM graft copolymer was characterized by FT-IR. According to the yield and the grafting ratio, the optimum conditions for graft copolymerization were as follows: initiator K2S2O8-Na2S2O3 with a quantity 3 wt% of EH-lignin, mass ratio of AM to EH-lignin was 2~3, reaction time 4h and temperature at 50℃. It was found that the absorption capacity of graft copolymer to two azo-dyes was enhanced with the increase of grafting ratio. Furthermore, the residue concen-tration of EH-lignin/AM graft copolymer remained in the supernatant after flocculation was much lower than that of pure EH-lignin.展开更多
Lignin as the main component of black liquor is generally employed to modify aliphatic superplasticizer（AFS）. However, the modification effect is hard to evaluate correctly due to the uncertain molecular structure o...Lignin as the main component of black liquor is generally employed to modify aliphatic superplasticizer（AFS）. However, the modification effect is hard to evaluate correctly due to the uncertain molecular structure of lignin and the disturbance from the complexity of black liquor compositions. In this paper, the purified lignin via acid precipitation from straw black liquor is used to modify AFS. The modified AFS named as LAFS for short presents lower molecular mass than AFS. It is assumed that it is due to the single active site of guaiacol segments in lignin by which lignin graft modifies AFS in virtue of methylolation reaction. In order to verify this assumption, guaiacol and dihydro eugenol as the typical segments of lignin macromolecule were selected, respectively, as the simplified model compounds of lignin to modify AFS, and corresponding products are abbreviated in GAFS and DAFS. Both GAFS and DAFS show the lower molecular mass than unmodified AFS. FTIR and TG-DTG analyses prove that lignin is successfully grafted onto AFS. The graft modification of lignin results in a decrease in electrostatic epulsion, but an enhanced steric hindrance. Therefore, although the replacement rate of lignin in LAFS was about 23.3%, the dispersion performance was only slightly affected.展开更多
A new quaternary ammonium salt monomer was synthesized and a quaternary amination of lignin（ noted as QL）, with the monomer was carried out by grafting copolymerization. The products were characterized by Fourier Tr...A new quaternary ammonium salt monomer was synthesized and a quaternary amination of lignin（ noted as QL）, with the monomer was carried out by grafting copolymerization. The products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy（ FTIR）. The experimental results indicate that the yield of the monomer was 99.06%, and the conversion of the monomer and the grafting yield of QL were 93.69% and 185.78%, respectively. The feasibility of QL as the flocculant to be applied in color removal of five artificial dyes, erioehrome black T（dye A）, gongo red（dye B ）, direct fast black G （dye C ）, cuprofix blue green B （dye D ）, and acid black ATT （dye E ） was examined. Results show that OL exhihits the favorable flocculation nerformance and high stability.展开更多
We construct MUC1 vaccines usingβ-cyclodextrin grafted chitosan(CS-g-CD)as carrier via host-guest interaction.These vaccines based on non-covalent assembling can provoke robust immune responses,including high level o...We construct MUC1 vaccines usingβ-cyclodextrin grafted chitosan(CS-g-CD)as carrier via host-guest interaction.These vaccines based on non-covalent assembling can provoke robust immune responses,including high level of specific antibodies and cytokines.The induced antibodies can specifically recognize tumor cells and mediate cytotoxicity against tumor cells.These results indicate that CS-g-CD with strong immunostimulatory activities can be a straightforward platform for peptide-based vaccine construction.展开更多
基金support for this work by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,China(No.2021GXNSFDA196006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22268007+1 种基金No.21766002)Guangxi Innovation Driven Development Special Fund Project,China(No.AA17204092).
文摘Lignin serves as a promising Ultraviolet(UV)absorber within sunscreen industry.However,the commercial development of lignin-containing sunscreens faces challenges due to their low sun protection factor(SPF)and dark color in cosmetics industry.In this study,dual modifications on the chemical and physical structures of lignin were conducted to address these challenges.Initially,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol(MBBT)was grafted onto alkali lignin(AL)through an atom transfer radical polymerization reaction,resulting in a polymer of AL-graft-MBBT_(3)(AL-g-MBBT_(3)).The sunscreen prepared with 10%AL-g-MBBT_(3) displays outstand-ing sun protection performance with a SPF of 42.93 and a light color with a color difference value(ΔE)of 45.6,in contrast to 10%AL with a SPF of 4.74 and aΔE value of 49.5.Subsequently,AL-g-MBBT_(3) was transformed into normal submicron spheres(AL-g-MBBT_(3) N)and TiO_(2)-loading submicron spheres(AL-g-MBBT_(3)/TiO_(2)).The sun protection performances of 10%AL-g-MBBT_(3) N@C and AL-g-MBBT_(3)/TiO_(2)@C sunscreens obviously surpass that of AL-g-MBBT_(3)@C sunscreen,achieving SPFs of 60.38 and 66.20,respectively.Additionally,there is a considerable improve-ment in the color of these sunscreens,withΔE values of 41.8 and 36.3,respectively.These results provide valuable insights into exploring lignin’s high-value applications in sunscreen.
文摘Lignin isolated from enzymatic hydrolyzed corn-stalks (EH-lignin) is a renewable natural polymer noted for its versatility and applicability in a vari-ety of uses. Graft copolymerization of EH-lignin with acrylamide (AM) and the application of this copolymer as a flocculant in dye wastewater treatment were studied in this article. The influ-ences of some factors on yield of copolymer and the grafting ratio were investigated and the structure of EH-lignin/AM graft copolymer was characterized by FT-IR. According to the yield and the grafting ratio, the optimum conditions for graft copolymerization were as follows: initiator K2S2O8-Na2S2O3 with a quantity 3 wt% of EH-lignin, mass ratio of AM to EH-lignin was 2~3, reaction time 4h and temperature at 50℃. It was found that the absorption capacity of graft copolymer to two azo-dyes was enhanced with the increase of grafting ratio. Furthermore, the residue concen-tration of EH-lignin/AM graft copolymer remained in the supernatant after flocculation was much lower than that of pure EH-lignin.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51778513)the China Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2015CB655101)
文摘Lignin as the main component of black liquor is generally employed to modify aliphatic superplasticizer（AFS）. However, the modification effect is hard to evaluate correctly due to the uncertain molecular structure of lignin and the disturbance from the complexity of black liquor compositions. In this paper, the purified lignin via acid precipitation from straw black liquor is used to modify AFS. The modified AFS named as LAFS for short presents lower molecular mass than AFS. It is assumed that it is due to the single active site of guaiacol segments in lignin by which lignin graft modifies AFS in virtue of methylolation reaction. In order to verify this assumption, guaiacol and dihydro eugenol as the typical segments of lignin macromolecule were selected, respectively, as the simplified model compounds of lignin to modify AFS, and corresponding products are abbreviated in GAFS and DAFS. Both GAFS and DAFS show the lower molecular mass than unmodified AFS. FTIR and TG-DTG analyses prove that lignin is successfully grafted onto AFS. The graft modification of lignin results in a decrease in electrostatic epulsion, but an enhanced steric hindrance. Therefore, although the replacement rate of lignin in LAFS was about 23.3%, the dispersion performance was only slightly affected.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Technology Item of of China(No.2005DC105005-01).
文摘A new quaternary ammonium salt monomer was synthesized and a quaternary amination of lignin（ noted as QL）, with the monomer was carried out by grafting copolymerization. The products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy（ FTIR）. The experimental results indicate that the yield of the monomer was 99.06%, and the conversion of the monomer and the grafting yield of QL were 93.69% and 185.78%, respectively. The feasibility of QL as the flocculant to be applied in color removal of five artificial dyes, erioehrome black T（dye A）, gongo red（dye B ）, direct fast black G （dye C ）, cuprofix blue green B （dye D ）, and acid black ATT （dye E ） was examined. Results show that OL exhihits the favorable flocculation nerformance and high stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21907038 and 32000904)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200601)+5 种基金National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(No.BX20200153)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2018M632227 and2021M691293)the Social Development Key Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2019632)the Health and Family Planning Commission of Wuxi,China(No.Z202005)Suzhou People’s Livelihood Science and Technology Project,China(No.SYS2018100)supported by the 111 Project(No.111-2-06)。
文摘We construct MUC1 vaccines usingβ-cyclodextrin grafted chitosan(CS-g-CD)as carrier via host-guest interaction.These vaccines based on non-covalent assembling can provoke robust immune responses,including high level of specific antibodies and cytokines.The induced antibodies can specifically recognize tumor cells and mediate cytotoxicity against tumor cells.These results indicate that CS-g-CD with strong immunostimulatory activities can be a straightforward platform for peptide-based vaccine construction.
