The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） in emulsion with stirring and limited oxygen compensation was studied. A mathematical model of diffusion-oxidation was developed considering the mass transfer resi...The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） in emulsion with stirring and limited oxygen compensation was studied. A mathematical model of diffusion-oxidation was developed considering the mass transfer resistance of a gas-liquid boundary, the resistance of the boundary layer from the emulsifier membrane, and the autocatalytic-type autoxidation reaction of PUFA. The dynamic mass transfer coefficient of the emulsifier membrane, k0, was introduced. The model was verified by comparing the predictions of the model with the experi- mental data. The results indicated that the model was in good agreement with the oxygen diffusion and linoleic acid oxidation in the emulsion, and showed good applicability in the prediction of the effect of the emulsifier type on the oxidation of PUFA in the emulsion. It indicated that the oxidation of PUFA in emulsions, with stirring and limited oxygen compensation from the atmosphere, was controlled mostly by mass transfer resistance from the emulsifier membrane.展开更多
The successful application of co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass under limited aeration in wastewater treatment systems would eliminate the problems associated with the intermediates mono-chlorophenol（MCP） and...The successful application of co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass under limited aeration in wastewater treatment systems would eliminate the problems associated with the intermediates mono-chlorophenol（MCP） and di-chlorophenol（DCP） accumulations. With low initial pentachlorophenol（PCP） concentration, all PCP could be completely removed under oxygen-limited strict anaerobic conditions, and the removal efficiencies with different initial headspace oxygen percentage（IHOP） were not obviously different from each other. While at high initial PCP concentration, under strictly anaerobic conditions PCP and their intermediates were clearly higher than that under other conditions, and produced obvious accumulation, the highest PCP reduction was achieved by the system receiving 30 IHOP, oxygen-limited system also exhibited lower residual TOC concentration and lower concentration of metabolic intermediates MCP and DCP. These results suggested that under strictly anaerobic condition the reductive dechlorination of low chlorinated compounds became rate limiting in the reductive dechlorination pathway, less chlorinated compounds be more amenable to aerobic degradation, and the aerobes of outer layers could function under limited oxygen. The co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass for methanogenesis under limited-aeration for chlorophenol degradation might be an attractive and efficient alternative for the sequential anaerobic/aerobic system to achieve mineralization of a broad range of recalcitrance highly chlorinated organics and low final TOC concentrations.展开更多
The mechanisms of oxygen-reduced air flooding(ORAF)and the explosion limit and the corrosion control approaches were studied based on the pilots of oxygen-reduced air flooding(ORAF)in the Dagang,Changqing and Daqing o...The mechanisms of oxygen-reduced air flooding(ORAF)and the explosion limit and the corrosion control approaches were studied based on the pilots of oxygen-reduced air flooding(ORAF)in the Dagang,Changqing and Daqing oil fields in China.On the foundation of indoor investigations and pilots,the explosion limits,oxygen reduction limits and corrosion control approaches were clarified.When the temperature of reservoir is equal to and higher than 120℃,there is a violent reaction between oxygen and crude oil,that means the effect of low temperature oxidation would be fully taken use of to enhance oil recovery by air flooding directly;nitrogen dominated immiscible flooding with oxygen-reduced air should be applied in cases where reservoir temperature is below 120℃ with little oxygen consumption and little heat generated.The oxygen-reduced air flooding is suitable for 3 types of reservoirs:low permeability reservoir,water flooding development reservoir of high water-cut and high temperature and high salinity reservoir.In the process of development,in order to ensure safety,the oxygen reduction limits should be controlled fewer than 10%,while oxygen-reduced air can obviously reduce the corrosion rate of pipes;The surface pipelines and injection wells don’t need to consider about oxygen corrosion with no water,special materials and structure of pipe or corrosion inhibitor can be applied to the surface pipelines and injection wellbores with water.Air/oxygen-reduced air is a low-cost displacement medium and it could be applied in many special conditions of low permeability reservoir for energy supplement,huff and puff and displacement,that means oxygen-reduced air flooding has become the most potential strategic technology in 20 years.展开更多
高温氧指数测定仪(high temperature oxygen index tester)是一种用于评估被测材料在高温热辐射条件下燃烧性能的测定仪器。它的工作原理是计算被测材料在高温环境中维持基本的燃烧所需的极限氧浓度来确定被测材料的氧指数。高温氧指数...高温氧指数测定仪(high temperature oxygen index tester)是一种用于评估被测材料在高温热辐射条件下燃烧性能的测定仪器。它的工作原理是计算被测材料在高温环境中维持基本的燃烧所需的极限氧浓度来确定被测材料的氧指数。高温氧指数测定仪是对传统氧指数测定设备的升级和补充,可以极大的丰富被测材料的应用领域和使用范围,在阻燃材料、消防工程领域和五金制品材料具有较高的使用意义。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20401007）.
文摘The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） in emulsion with stirring and limited oxygen compensation was studied. A mathematical model of diffusion-oxidation was developed considering the mass transfer resistance of a gas-liquid boundary, the resistance of the boundary layer from the emulsifier membrane, and the autocatalytic-type autoxidation reaction of PUFA. The dynamic mass transfer coefficient of the emulsifier membrane, k0, was introduced. The model was verified by comparing the predictions of the model with the experi- mental data. The results indicated that the model was in good agreement with the oxygen diffusion and linoleic acid oxidation in the emulsion, and showed good applicability in the prediction of the effect of the emulsifier type on the oxidation of PUFA in the emulsion. It indicated that the oxidation of PUFA in emulsions, with stirring and limited oxygen compensation from the atmosphere, was controlled mostly by mass transfer resistance from the emulsifier membrane.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(No. 31430) ,the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University ofTechnology(No.200335) and Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The successful application of co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass under limited aeration in wastewater treatment systems would eliminate the problems associated with the intermediates mono-chlorophenol（MCP） and di-chlorophenol（DCP） accumulations. With low initial pentachlorophenol（PCP） concentration, all PCP could be completely removed under oxygen-limited strict anaerobic conditions, and the removal efficiencies with different initial headspace oxygen percentage（IHOP） were not obviously different from each other. While at high initial PCP concentration, under strictly anaerobic conditions PCP and their intermediates were clearly higher than that under other conditions, and produced obvious accumulation, the highest PCP reduction was achieved by the system receiving 30 IHOP, oxygen-limited system also exhibited lower residual TOC concentration and lower concentration of metabolic intermediates MCP and DCP. These results suggested that under strictly anaerobic condition the reductive dechlorination of low chlorinated compounds became rate limiting in the reductive dechlorination pathway, less chlorinated compounds be more amenable to aerobic degradation, and the aerobes of outer layers could function under limited oxygen. The co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass for methanogenesis under limited-aeration for chlorophenol degradation might be an attractive and efficient alternative for the sequential anaerobic/aerobic system to achieve mineralization of a broad range of recalcitrance highly chlorinated organics and low final TOC concentrations.
文摘The mechanisms of oxygen-reduced air flooding(ORAF)and the explosion limit and the corrosion control approaches were studied based on the pilots of oxygen-reduced air flooding(ORAF)in the Dagang,Changqing and Daqing oil fields in China.On the foundation of indoor investigations and pilots,the explosion limits,oxygen reduction limits and corrosion control approaches were clarified.When the temperature of reservoir is equal to and higher than 120℃,there is a violent reaction between oxygen and crude oil,that means the effect of low temperature oxidation would be fully taken use of to enhance oil recovery by air flooding directly;nitrogen dominated immiscible flooding with oxygen-reduced air should be applied in cases where reservoir temperature is below 120℃ with little oxygen consumption and little heat generated.The oxygen-reduced air flooding is suitable for 3 types of reservoirs:low permeability reservoir,water flooding development reservoir of high water-cut and high temperature and high salinity reservoir.In the process of development,in order to ensure safety,the oxygen reduction limits should be controlled fewer than 10%,while oxygen-reduced air can obviously reduce the corrosion rate of pipes;The surface pipelines and injection wells don’t need to consider about oxygen corrosion with no water,special materials and structure of pipe or corrosion inhibitor can be applied to the surface pipelines and injection wellbores with water.Air/oxygen-reduced air is a low-cost displacement medium and it could be applied in many special conditions of low permeability reservoir for energy supplement,huff and puff and displacement,that means oxygen-reduced air flooding has become the most potential strategic technology in 20 years.
文摘高温氧指数测定仪(high temperature oxygen index tester)是一种用于评估被测材料在高温热辐射条件下燃烧性能的测定仪器。它的工作原理是计算被测材料在高温环境中维持基本的燃烧所需的极限氧浓度来确定被测材料的氧指数。高温氧指数测定仪是对传统氧指数测定设备的升级和补充,可以极大的丰富被测材料的应用领域和使用范围,在阻燃材料、消防工程领域和五金制品材料具有较高的使用意义。
