Lateral earth pressure of granular backfills on retaining walls with expanded polystyrene geofoam inclusions under limited surcharge loading

Existing studies have focused on the behavior of the retaining wall equipped with expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam inclusions under semi-infinite surcharge loading rather than limited surcharge loading.In this paper,the failure mode and the earth pressure acting on the rigid retaining wall with EPS geofoam inclusions and granular backfills(henceforth referred to as EPS-wall),under limited surcharge loading are investigated through two-and three-dimensional model tests.The testing results show that different from the sliding of almost all the backfill in the EPS-wall under semi-infinite surcharge loading,only an approximately triangular backfill slides in the wall under limited surcharge loading.The distribution of the lateral earth pressure on the EPS-wall under limited surcharge loading is non-linear,and the distribution changes from the increase of the wall depth to the decrease with the increase of the limited surcharge loading.An approach based on the force equilibrium of a differential element is developed to predict the lateral earth pressure behind the EPS-wall subjected to limited surcharge loading,and its performance was fully validated by the three-dimensional model tests.

A Stroke-Limitation AMD Control System with Variable Gain and Limited Area for High-Rise Buildings

Collisions between a moving mass and an anti-collision device increase structural responses and threaten structural safety.An active mass damper(AMD)with stroke limitations is often used to avoid collisions.However,a strokelimited AMD control system with a fixed limited area shortens the available AMD stroke and leads to significant control power.To solve this problem,the design approach with variable gain and limited area(VGLA)is proposed in this study.First,the boundary of variable-limited areas is calculated based on the real-time status of the moving mass.The variable gain(VG)expression at the variable limited area is deduced by considering the saturation of AMD stroke.Then,numerical simulations of a stroke-limited AMD control system with VGLA are conducted on a high-rise building structure.These numerical simulations show that the proposed approach has superior strokelimitation performance compared with a stroke-limited AMD control system with a fixed limited area.Finally,the proposed approach is validated through experiments on a four-story steel frame.

A Bayesian multi-model inference methodology for imprecise momentindependent global sensitivity analysis of rock structures

Traditional global sensitivity analysis(GSA)neglects the epistemic uncertainties associated with the probabilistic characteristics(i.e.type of distribution type and its parameters)of input rock properties emanating due to the small size of datasets while mapping the relative importance of properties to the model response.This paper proposes an augmented Bayesian multi-model inference(BMMI)coupled with GSA methodology(BMMI-GSA)to address this issue by estimating the imprecision in the momentindependent sensitivity indices of rock structures arising from the small size of input data.The methodology employs BMMI to quantify the epistemic uncertainties associated with model type and parameters of input properties.The estimated uncertainties are propagated in estimating imprecision in moment-independent Borgonovo’s indices by employing a reweighting approach on candidate probabilistic models.The proposed methodology is showcased for a rock slope prone to stress-controlled failure in the Himalayan region of India.The proposed methodology was superior to the conventional GSA(neglects all epistemic uncertainties)and Bayesian coupled GSA(B-GSA)(neglects model uncertainty)due to its capability to incorporate the uncertainties in both model type and parameters of properties.Imprecise Borgonovo’s indices estimated via proposed methodology provide the confidence intervals of the sensitivity indices instead of their fixed-point estimates,which makes the user more informed in the data collection efforts.Analyses performed with the varying sample sizes suggested that the uncertainties in sensitivity indices reduce significantly with the increasing sample sizes.The accurate importance ranking of properties was only possible via samples of large sizes.Further,the impact of the prior knowledge in terms of prior ranges and distributions was significant;hence,any related assumption should be made carefully.

Elbow Dislocation in Children: About Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objective: To present the management of elbow dislocation in children in cases of limited resources. Presentation of the Cases: These were 2 older male children aged 7 and 9 years old, admitted to the emergency room for painful functional impotence of the right elbow after a fall and landing on the right hand. Clinical and radiological examinations were in favor of posterior elbow dislocations. The reductions were carried out under sedation and immobilization in Jersey. According to Robert’s criteria, the functional result was excellent in both patients. Conclusion: Emergency reduction and immobilization whatever the means ensure an excellent functional prognosis even in cases of limited resources.

Leaf nitrogen resorption is more important than litter nitrogen mineralization in mediating the diversity–productivity relationship along a nitrogen-limited temperate forest succession chronosequence

The resorption of nutrients by plants before litter fall and the mineralization of nutrients from plant litter by soil processes are both important pathways supporting primary productivity. While the positive relationship between plant biodiversity and primary productivity is widely accepted for natural ecosystems, the roles of nutrient resorption and mineralization in mediating that relationship remains largely unknown. Here, we quantified the relative importance of nitrogen(N) resorption and N mineralization in driving plant community N investment and the correlation between species diversity and community productivity along an N-limited successional chronosequence of the mixed broadleaved–Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) forest in northeastern China. Leaf N resorption efficiency(NRE) at the community level increased significantly along the successional chronosequence,whereas litter N mineralization rate decreased significantly. Leaf NRE was more important than litter N mineralization rate in driving the diversity–productivity relationship. However, higher leaf NRE led to less N mineralization as succession progressed along the chronosequence. Our results highlight the importance of the N resorption pathway rather than the N mineralization pathway for forest N acquisition with community succession,and they provide mechanistic insights into the positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. In future forest management practices, we recommend appropriate application of N fertilizer to mitigate the adverse effects of N-poor soil on seedling regeneration during late succession and thus maintain the sustainable development of temperate forest ecosystems.

Alzheimer’s Disease Stage Classification Using a Deep Transfer Learning and Sparse Auto Encoder Method

Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)is a progressive neurological disease.Early diagnosis of this illness using conventional methods is very challenging.Deep Learning(DL)is one of the finest solutions for improving diagnostic procedures’performance and forecast accuracy.The disease’s widespread distribution and elevated mortality rate demonstrate its significance in the older-onset and younger-onset age groups.In light of research investigations,it is vital to consider age as one of the key criteria when choosing the subjects.The younger subjects are more susceptible to the perishable side than the older onset.The proposed investigation concentrated on the younger onset.The research used deep learning models and neuroimages to diagnose and categorize the disease at its early stages automatically.The proposed work is executed in three steps.The 3D input images must first undergo image pre-processing using Weiner filtering and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE)methods.The Transfer Learning(TL)models extract features,which are subsequently compressed using cascaded Auto Encoders(AE).The final phase entails using a Deep Neural Network(DNN)to classify the phases of AD.The model was trained and tested to classify the five stages of AD.The ensemble ResNet-18 and sparse autoencoder with DNN model achieved an accuracy of 98.54%.The method is compared to state-of-the-art approaches to validate its efficacy and performance.

Access to novel anti-diabetic agents in resource limited settings:A brief commentary

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings.Simultaneously,there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus.However,use of novel antidiabetic therapies is limited because of major market access challenges in resource limited settings.Niching products to those patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes,and thus most likely to benefit from the therapy,are less likely to have negative budget impact for funders.To improve access,and reduce morbidity and mortality,requires alignment amongst key stakeholders including patient advocacy groups,health care professional councils,national departments of health,the pharmaceutical industry,treasury and finance departments.

Federated Learning for 6G:A Survey From Perspective of Integrated Sensing,Communication and Computation

With the rapid advancements in edge computing and artificial intelligence,federated learning(FL)has gained momentum as a promising approach to collaborative data utilization across organizations and devices,while ensuring data privacy and information security.In order to further harness the energy efficiency of wireless networks,an integrated sensing,communication and computation(ISCC)framework has been proposed,which is anticipated to be a key enabler in the era of 6G networks.Although the advantages of pushing intelligence to edge devices are multi-fold,some challenges arise when incorporating FL into wireless networks under the umbrella of ISCC.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of FL,with special emphasis on the design and optimization of ISCC.We commence by introducing the background and fundamentals of FL and the ISCC framework.Subsequently,the aforementioned challenges are highlighted and the state of the art in potential solutions is reviewed.Finally,design guidelines are provided for the incorporation of FL and ISCC.Overall,this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of FL in the context of wireless networks,with a focus on the ISCC framework,and provide insights into addressing the challenges and optimizing the design for the integration of FL into future 6G networks.

Unusual breast metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract.The most common sites of metastases are the liver and the peritoneum,whereas breast metastases from GIST are extremely rare.We present a second case of GIST breast metastasis.CASE SUMMARY We found a case of breast metastasis from rectum GIST.A 55-year-old female patient presented with rectum tumor with multiply liver lesions and metastasis in the right breast.Abdominal-perineal extirpation of rectum was performed,histology and immunohistochemistry study showed GIST,mixed type with CD117 and DOG-1 positive staining.The patient was taking imatinib 400 mg for 22 mo with stable disease.Because of growth of the breast metastasis the treatment was changed twice:The dose of imatinib was doubled with further progression in the breast lesion and then the patient was receiving sunitinib for 26 mo with partial response in the right breast and stable disease in the liver lesions.The breast lesion increased and right breast resection was done–surgery on local progression,the liver metastases were stable.Histology and immunohistochemistry studies revealed GIST metastasis,CD 117 and DOG 1 positive with KIT exon 11 mutation.After surgery the patient resumed imatinib.Until now the patient has been taking imatinib 400 mg for 19 mo without progression,last follow up was in November 2022.CONCLUSION GISTs breast metastases are extremely rare,we described the second case.At the same time second primary tumors have been reported frequently in patients diagnosed with GISTs and breast cancer is one of the most common second primary tumors in patients with GISTs.That is why it is very important to distinguish primary from metastatic breast lesions.Surgery on local progression made it possible to resume less toxic treatment.

Gradual Bedside Reduction of Gastroschisis in a Resource Constrained Setting: Preliminary Results from 32 Cases

Introduction: Gastroschisis is one of the neonatal pathologies with bad prognosis in developing countries due to a lack of equipment. We aim to report one way of managing this malformation that could be practised everywhere, constituting an alternative approach to surgery in poor areas. Patients and Methods: This observational and descriptive study included newborn babies with gastroschisis who underwent gradual bedside reduction at the Paediatric Surgery Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Results: Our cohort was constituted by 32 newborn babies with a mean age of 18.12 hours on admission. The Lefort type 2 was the most frequent in 81.25% of cases. The mean time for oral feeding after complete reduction was 17.4 days and the duration of hospital stay was 24.91 days. Survival rates were at 40.63%, with a residual hernia after healing in 38.46% of cases. Conclusion: Despite the high rate of mortality, gradual reduction of gastroschisis at the bedside seems to be an opportunity for resource constrained areas and can be an alternative solution to surgery.

The Implementation Mode of No-Fly Zones in International Relations

A No-Fly Zone(NFZ)is a unique mode of humanitarian intervention which is understudied in international relations.This article focuses on the political dimension of NFZs in international relations and investigates their implementations by empirically reviewing all three cases of NFZs to date.There may be efforts by intervening states to highlight humanitarian crises among certain targets to secure UN authorization for the NFZs;yet the implementation of NFZs is also driven largely by the security interests of enforcing states.As a result,there is the potential for those states implementing NFZs to transcend legal authorization and sometimes use excessive force,with likely calamitous results for local populations,or in extreme cases,accomplishing regime change by supporting opposition parties in target states.

Exclusive Fibula Osteosynthesis for Treating Open Fractures Gustillo I-III B of the Distal Half of the Leg Bones in a Resources-Limited Setting

Introduction: Management of open leg bones fractures is a challenging health issue for the surgeon, particularly true in resource-limited settings. In this study, we evaluate exclusive fibular osteosynthesis in the treatment of open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones as a therapeutic option in our context. Methods: This is a prospective, experimental, multicenter study of 30 open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones treated with exclusive fibula osteosynthesis, conducted in 3 hospitals in the DRC from January 1, 2013 to September 30, 2016. Results: The age range of 20 to 40 years grouped 22 (73.4%) patients, the sex ratio was 1:1 and the unemployed were the most involved with 16 (53.3%) cases. The Gustilo II, I, III B and III A types represented 40%, 33.3%, 20% and 6.7%, respectively. The fractures were located in the distal third in 12 (40%) cases, in the middle third in 11 (36.7%) cases, and in both malleoli in 7 cases (23.3%). Osteosynthesis of the fibula by screw plate was applied in 22 (73.3%) patients and pinning in 8 (26.7%). Satisfactory reduction of the tibial fracture site was achieved in 29 (96.7%) cases and 100% bone healing was achieved within an average of 10 weeks. Four (13.3%) loss of alignment, 1 (3.3%) infection, 1 (3.3%) skin necrosis and 2 (6.7%) ankle stiffness complicated our fractures. Conclusion: Exclusive osteosynthesis of the fibula as a common technique for fractures of the distal half of the leg bones allowed us to reduce, immobilize and consolidate the tibial fracture in the required time and to preserve the mobility of the ankle.

反应堆用核截面处理程序RXSP的研发与验证

反应堆用核截面处理系统(RXSP)除了具有共振重造、线性化以及能量/角度分布处理等功能外,还实现了快速多普勒展宽、热化库插值、OpenMP并行加速等关键方法和算法。程序验证表明,RXSP能够准确、高效地将ENDF/B库的中子评价核数据制作成堆用蒙特卡罗程序(RMC)计算所需的连续能量点截面库。与评价核数据库的数据处理系统(NJOY)处理生成截面库的微观比较和基准题的宏观验证表明,RXSP与NJOY具有相同的计算精度,而RXSP的处理时间则大大缩短,满足了反应堆物理-热工水力耦合计算中所需的多次大量材料的温度相关截面库更新的要求。此外,RXSP还能处理ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1中子截面库中R-matrixLimited格式的共振参数。

雅鲁藏布江大峡谷地貌响应时间域的定量计算

基岩河道流域地区的地貌演化定量化研究在构造-气候-表面过程关系的探讨中具有十分重要的意义。定量化的分析主要关注气候、构造等外在因素以及河流内在调节机制对地貌演化的影响。本文总结了关于基岩河道流域地貌分析的定量方法和模型的研究进展，并利用DL模型对雅鲁藏布江中下游河段进行了演算，结果显示该地区在稳定状态下地貌演化时间域在0．065～0．420Ma之间，反映了该地区快速的地貌演化过程。

基于层次结构模型的LLP控制算法设计

层次结构模型是混杂系统理论中一种重要的模型,主要是因为它能够更直观地反应混杂系统的本质,以及控制变量、离散事件状态变量和连续状态变量之间的关系和演化过程。针对具有混杂特性的双罐系统,建立了其对应的层次结构模型,并设计了合于受控输入是有限控制集的Limited Lookahead Policy(LLP)控制算法,并给出了稳定性的条件。分别在正常情况和故障情况下进行了3个仿真实验,实验结果验证了所建立的模型和算法的有效性和鲁棒性。

多重二元响应Probit模型的渐近有效估计

针对多重二元响应Probit模型提出了两步估计方法,第一步由边际似然得到参数n^(1/2)而相合的估计,第二步通过一步迭代得到渐近有效估计,由于只需一步迭代,因此在利用模拟方法计算信息阵时,可以增加模拟的次数,从而减少模拟所产生的扰动对估计的影响.

内射模直和的基本扩张

根据M-内射模直和的基本扩张,通过c-limited右R-模,刻划了局部Noetherian模MR,证明了如下结论:模M是局部Noetherian当且仅当存在基数C,使得σ[M]中任意M-内射模的直和在σ[M]中的基本扩张是一个M-内射模和一个c-limitedES-模的直和.

多元秩-序模型中回归系数的估计

通过对多元秩-序模型的研究得到了模型的逆回归性质,基于该性质提出了回归系数的估计方法.当自变量满足线性条件时,不用预先设定扰动项的具体分布便可以得到回归系数方向的估计,并且这个估计与回归系数只相差一个正常数因子.证明了估计是n^(1/2)相合的.模拟结果表明估计有良好的大样本性质.

建筑的“骨”与“神”——以河南城建学院图书馆为例(英文)

This study,taking the library in Henan University of Urban Construction for an example,points out that constant elements in the evaluation system of architecture are its "skeleton" and "spirit",that is,"space" and "spirit of place".Through analyzing the significant role of space in modern architecture and the appeal of spirit of place to construction users,it is explained that space and spirit of place are closely related and mutually dependent.

新西兰品种权保护的域外扩张及我国的因应之策——兼评“Zespri Group Limited v Gao&Ors”案

以“Zespri Group Limited v Gao&Ors”案判决书为研究视角,认为在侵权和损失认定方面,法官通过法律原则、国内外判例与学理学说的运用并通过解释立法目的,创造性地运用国内法律,影响其国外利益格局。该案将成为国内法域外适用向植物新品种保护领域渗透的标志性事件。为维护我国自身利益,建议进一步做好植物新品种保护制度自身建设,加强植物新品种保护制度和植物遗传资源保护制度之间的协调。