Cultural Differences and Translation Limits

Culture is a complex concept; it includes knowledge, religion, politics, arts, laws, customs and the ability of any national peopleat a certain time as a social member. Therefore, different nationalities have different cultures. In the process of translation, a good translatorconsiders not only the different words, but also the different cultures concealing in the words. Translators should ignore the past view on "language instrument", and establish " cultural language" stressed in the different culture.

On the Limit of Translatibility from the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics

The limit of translatability is closely related to translation aesthetics since faithful reproduction of the source text's aes thetic elements in target text is by no means an easy task or even a laborious but fruitless task.Some aesthetic elements of the source text can not be represented in target language due to linguistic and cultural divergences or translator's incompetence.In that case,there is limit of translatability from the perspective of translation aesthetics.

Different Thought Patterns and the Limitation in Translation Between Chinese and English Language

Thought patterns and language are closely related,they are two aspect of the culture.Translation,a tool of intercultural communication,connects the different thought patterns.In this paper,a specific analysis of the limitation in translation caused by the difference is illustrated.Thus,translation is influenced deeply by the different thought patterns.The only way to get the reappearance to the culture in translation is to find out the principles of translation from the different thought patterns.

The Limitation of Translatability Between English and Chinese

Translation is not only an exchange activity among languages, but also a process about transformation and communication of culture. Language and culture is a unity that language is the essential part of culture while culture is the nature and content of language communication. Because of its own history and distinctive geographical environment, culture has its unique ethnic features and psychological construction. All of these culture elements reflect on language. For different languages, there are great differences about the glyph, sound, words, rhetorical devices, and idioms. Such differences in language and culture between English and Chinese can cause the limitation of translatability in the process of translation.

Advantages and Limitations of Translation Memory in Translation Teaching

With the rapid development of translation technology, great changes have taken place in translation teaching. The traditional translation teaching can not meet the needs of the market, and the market is in urgent need of translators who are proficient in information technology. Therefore, translation memory is gradually applied to translation teaching. Translation teaching has been liberated by translation memory to some extent. And translation memory makes translation teaching avoid a lot of repeated knowledge and processes of translation. It is no doubt that translation memory has some limitations. As a result, the advantages and limitations of translation memory in translation teaching are discussed.

The Loss of Textual Function Caused by Passive Voice Translation

Passive voice is an important grammatical phenomenon,and the translation of English passive voice is a hot issue in translation research.In translation,some linguistic phenomena of the source language cannot be expressed in the target language,and the translation has limits of translatability.However,fewer scholars have studied the loss of textual function caused by the translation of passive voice.The authors argue that the conversion of voice in the translation process can,to a certain extent,cause the loss of meaning.In this paper,the authors analyze the loss of textual function caused by the conversion of English passive voice to Chinese active voice from the perspective of the limits of translatability.The authors believe that this phenomenon is common and unavoidable.Therefore,when dealing with the passive voice,the translator should preserve its discourse function as much as possible,rather than just“converting passive to active voice”.

"燕赵后诗代"诗歌可译性限度研究

“燕赵后诗代”是河北诗歌继冲浪诗社、燕赵七子等之后的又一集体命名。成员是来自河北各市、县的二十余名青年诗歌创作者。他们的诗歌既有对远去时代的反思,也有对现实世界的追问,更有对未来的憧憬与遐想。对其诗歌进行外译,是河北诗歌“走出去”很关键的一步。从诗歌的可译性限度出发,提出在对“燕赵后诗代”作品进行英译的过程中,译者需要在可译与不可译之间进行“度”的把握。

有限空间220kV高压线下钢箱梁双机平移吊装技术

本文以亚运大道-金龙路立交工程为依托,研究有限空间220 kV高压线下钢箱梁双机平移吊装技术。市政道路桥梁施工过程中经常会遇到在架空高压线下或者已建的桥梁下进行吊装作业施工,针对其高压线下方施工,通过设置高压线限高防护措施,采用2台大型折臂式随车吊,分析了现场220 kV高压线下6 m安全净距的吊装工况,在满足起重能力、作业半径及吊车臂最高点与高压线导线安全距离的情况下,吊机在小范围内可进行平移、起升、反转等工序作业,确保了钢箱梁的安全吊装。结果表明:在有限空间作业条件下,随车吊双机平移吊装技术能安全高效地完成构件吊装,整体节约工期30天,节约施工费用合计436000元。该技术解决了有限空间220 kV高压线下钢箱梁吊装的难题,可为类似工程提供借鉴和参考。

Estimation of earth pressure against retaining walls with different limited displacement modes based on elastic theory

The earth pressure acting on retaining walls due to creep and consolidation is under limited equilibrium conditions(limited displacement). Linear elastic constitutive theory can be applied to determine earth pressure distribution along retaining walls under limited displacement condition. In addition,tangent modulus in Duncan-Chang nonlinear elastic model was introduced to reflect the variations of soil modulus with confining pressure, and boundary strains were derived from Rankine active earth pressure, Rankine passive earth pressure, static earth pressure and principal stress direction deflection.According to the above four boundary strains, earth pressure on retaining walls was divided into five state zones. By comparing the calculation results obtained from the equations proposed in this paper with those of experimental tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: earth pressure distribution was always nonlinear along retaining walls for translation displacement(T mode), rotation displacement around wall base(RB mode), and translation + rotation displacement around wall base(RBT mode). Also,calculated earth pressure distributions along with the depth of wall were found to be consistent with measured values under three displacement modes.Additionally, a parametric study was carried out to evaluate the effects of internal friction angle and backfill soil cohesion on earth pressure. It could be seen from the above series of studies that the earth pressure equations derived in this work could be well applied in practical engineering in designing retaining walls.

Theory of Creative Treason and Drama Translation

Due to the specific characteristic which is related to stage performance, the academic researches of drama translation have so far been limited. Before the mid 1970 s, discussions about drama translation were mainly limited to the study of the translated text of drama by applying the prescribed method of comparative analysis in order to explore the equivalence between the translation and the original. While after the mid 1970 s, researches on drama translation started to be done by applying the descriptive method. Some translation theorists and scholars began to study the translated text of drama on the background of target language culture, which had made fruitful achievements. Recently, studies on drama translation mostly paid attention to such issues as the nature of drama translation, the purpose of drama translation, the characteristics of the translated text of drama, performability and orality in drama translation, transformation of dramatic culture and the status of drama translators, etc. By applying Xie Tianzhen's theory of creative treason, this drama translation can be studied from a new perspective.

A Stylistic Study into the Musicality of the English Translation of the Ancient Chinese Poem “Jianjia”

"Jianjia"("蒹葭"),one of the most famous poems in Shijing(《诗经》), is characterized by balanced sound patterns and euphonious rhythm. Investigation into the stylistic elements in both the source text and the English translation of"Jianjia"shows us the musicality in ancient Chinese poetry and its limits of translatability.

The Critical Study On Xu Yuanchong's Theory of Metrical Translation

Background:Xu Yuanchong,one of the most eminent translators of Chinese poetry in English rhyme,adhered to the metrical translation which emphasizes transferring the rhyme of the original poem into the translation of target language.But it has limitations.Meth ods:This essay was conducted in qualitative research method.It identified and reflected on some negative impacts caused by improper met rical translation and summarized the factors which confine it from the aspect of phonology,semantics and syntax.It tried to figure out the limitations of the metrical translation through examples by analyzing the linguistic features of the language and imagery effect of the translat ed poetries.Result:Another translation methods was introduced-free/blank verse translation to solve the deficiencies lied in the metrical translation.

基于平移差分的微结构线宽显微测量方法

从显微成像测量线宽的理论模型出发,分析了限制测量精度的边缘定位误差因素,基于阶跃边缘衍射光强微分的灵敏探测原理,提出一种平移差分的微结构线宽显微测量方法,即使用压电陶瓷微位移平台微量移动待测微结构沟槽,两步平移并采集三幅对沟槽清晰成像的显微图像,显微图像依次相减得到两幅差分图,将线宽测量转为差分脉冲距离测量,利用差分脉冲在阶跃边缘附近梯度变化灵敏度高的特点,突破衍射极限,提高线宽测量精度;再用纳米精度压电陶瓷位移台标定与显微成像系统有关的倍率测量常数,以压电陶瓷位移台的高精度保证测量结果的准确性。以可溯源计量部门、线宽为30.00μm的标准沟槽样板作为待测样品,10次测量得到线宽测量平均值30.03μm,标准差0.005μm,并对本方法进行了不确定度分析,最终得到合成不确定度为0.37%(k=1)。

俄汉成语的趋近翻译模式研究

翻译是一个充满各种选择并富有弹性的连续统。成语的趋近翻译模式是译者在向心力和离心力之间博弈的结果,是对应论和顺应论的中庸处理。用成语译成语、用形象译形象,以及创造性翻译是在趋近翻译理论指导下的成语翻译原则,符合翻译的张力和弹性限度。俄汉成语趋近翻译模式研究可以为成语翻译实践提供一定的规约,也可视为衡量与检验翻译成果的尺度,用于指导和规范翻译行为,促进跨文化翻译实践的发展,对翻译教学也具有一定的指导意义。

目的论局限性对翻译教学的启示

结合地方高校翻译教学现状及存在的问题,探讨目的论局限性对翻译教学的启示。翻译不仅是两种语言的转换,更是两种文化的碰撞。在翻译教学中,不能片面重视语言技能,而要注重培养学生的跨文化意识、思辨能力、创造性,将翻译教学和思想政治教育相融合;上好翻译课程,讲好中国故事,传播好中国声音。

平动模式下挡土墙非极限状态主动土压力计算

改进了极限平衡理论,用于非极限状态主动土压力的研究。对挡土墙后滑动楔体的片体单元进行了分析,建立了关于非极限状态主动土压力强度的一阶微分方程,得到了平动变位模型下,非极限状态主动土压力强度、土压力合力和土压力合力作用点的理论公式,将计算所得结果与模型试验数据进行对比分析。结果表明:墙体平动变位模式下非极限状态主动土压力强度、土压力合力和土压力合力作用点理论公式的计算结果与已有模型试验结果基本吻合。

砂土中吸力式沉箱基础的最大承载力计算方法

为了准确确定砂土中吸力式沉箱基础的最大承载力,应用极限平衡法对其进行分析.基于吸力式沉箱基础平动时的受力特点,充分考虑土压力和摩擦力的发挥过程以及沉箱横截面上各点土压力大小的不同,提出了一种计算砂土中吸力式沉箱基础最大承载力的三维极限平衡方法.方法中假定沉箱侧壁土压力满足Winkler模型,但其值不超过水平极限土压力值;假定沉箱侧壁与地基土之间的摩擦力在达到最大值之前与两者之间的相对位移成线性正比关系.开展了15组水平荷载作用下吸力式沉箱基础的模型试验,得到了吸力式沉箱基础的荷载-位移曲线.利用所提方法得到的计算结果与模型试验结果吻合较好,说明该方法是准确有效的.

非饱和土力学中几个基本问题的探讨

近些年非饱和土力学的研究非常活跃,但对一些基本问题的认识并不一致,有时甚至概念混淆。针对非饱和土力学的几个基本问题:非饱和土状态变量的选择、非饱和土有效应力变量的选择、吸力概念的界定和轴平移技术的局限性、非饱和土的结构的表征方法等问题进行了分析和探讨。其中非饱和土状态变量和有效应力的选择对于非饱和土力学的理论和相应本构模型的建立具有重要影响,因此,首先深入讨论了这一问题,概括论述了非饱和土有效应力的演变并深入探讨了目前各种形式有效应力的优缺点。其次,指出由于受负压孔隙水气化(液-气相变化)的影响,在实际场地中大于某一界限值的基质吸力是不存在的;目前被广泛使用的轴平移试验技术却掩盖了这一情况,而基于此所建立的非饱和土强度和变形理论的适用性需要进一步的研究和论证。再次,指出非饱和土的结构除了包括组构和颗粒之间作用力的综合效应外,还建议增加孔隙水和孔隙气的分布以及各相之间的相互作用和物理-化学作用。最后对一些容易混淆的概念进行了梳理。其目的是希望国内同行在今后的研究中对这些问题加以关注,并建立正确的认识,促进非饱和土力学沿着正确的方向发展。

文化语境与翻译

本文通过对文化语境分析探讨了如何正确翻译词汇并理解其含义.所关注的问题有英语辞典的使用策略,词义确定策略,语境制约与译文选择.

挡土墙非极限状态主动土压力分布

改进库仑极限平衡理论,用于非极限状态主动土压力的研究,认为挡土墙土压力是由墙后填土在平衡状态下出现的滑动楔体所产生。在该滑动楔体上沿竖向取水平薄层作为微分单元体,通过作用在单元体上力的平衡条件,建立挡土墙非极限状态主动土压力基本方程,并结合整个滑楔体的力矩平衡条件,由此得到对应不同内摩擦角、墙土摩擦角和挡土墙位移比的侧土压力系数,将其用于水平微分单元法求解刚性挡土墙平移模式下非极限状态主动土压力,得到挡土墙土压力和合力作用点的理论公式。分析填土内摩擦角、墙土摩擦角和挡土墙位移比对土侧压力系数、土压力强度、土压力合力、土压力合力作用点的影响,并与模型试验数据进行比较。另外,通过探讨位移比对挡土墙倾覆力矩的影响,认为采用极限平衡理论计算平动模式下刚性挡土墙主动非极限状态时的抗倾覆稳定性偏于危险。