Chip Layout for Adaptive Line Enhancer Design using Adaptive Filtering Algorithms and Metrics Computation for Auscultation Signal Separation

Currently,the growth of micro and nano(very large scale integration-ultra large-scale integration)electronics technology has greatly impacted biomedical signal processing devices.These high-speed micro and nano technology devices are very reliable despite their capacity to operate at tremendous speed,and can be designed to consume less power in minimum response time,which is particularly useful in biomedical products.The rapid technological scaling of the metal-oxide-semi-conductor(MOS)devices aids in mapping multiple applications for a specific purpose on a single chip which motivates us to design a sophisticated,small and reliable application specific integrated circuit(ASIC)chip for future real time medical signal separation and processing(digital stetho-scopes and digital microelectromechanical systems(MEMS)microphone).In this paper,ASIC level implementation of the adaptive line enhancer design using adaptive filtering algorithms(least mean square(LMS)and normalized least mean square(NLMS))integrated design is used to separate the real-time auscultation sound signals effectively.Adaptive line enhancer(ALE)design is imple-mented in Verilog hardware description language(HDL)language to obtain both the network and adaptive algorithm in cadence Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company(TSMC)90 nm standard cell library environment for ASIC level implementation.Native compiled simulator(NC)sim and RC lab were used for functional verification and design constraints and the physical design is implemented in Encounter to obtain the Geometric Data Stream(GDS II).In this architecture,the area occupied is 0.08 mm,the total power consumed is 5.05 mW and the computation time of the proposed system is 0.82μs for LMS design and the area occupied is 0.14 mm,the total power consumed is 4.54 mW and the computation time of the proposed system is 0.03μs for NLMS design that will pave a better way in future electronic stethoscope design.

A New Fully Differential Adaptive CMOS Line Driver Using Fuzzy Controller Suitable for ADSL Modems

In this paper, a new principle for an adaptive line driver using Fuzzy logic is presented. This type of line driver can adapt its output impedance and gain, automatically to the applied load using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). This results in automatically corrected output impedance for different cables with terminations. Also, the line driver output impedance and gain become insensitive to process and line variations. As an example, a line driver for ADSL application has been designed. The circuit operates from a 3.3 v in a 0.35 um standard CMOS technology. The power consumption of FLC is about 1 mW. The circuit dissipates 106 mW and exhibits a -62 dB THD for a 3.2-Vpp signal at 5 MHz across a 75 ohms Load. It has a relatively high -3 dB bandwidth (240 MHz) with good phase margin of about 67 degrees in a 10 pF load capacitor.

A new adaptive nonuniformity correction algorithm for infrared line scanner based on neural networks

The striping pattern nonuniformity of the infrared line scanner （IRLS） severely limits the system performance. An adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithm for IRLS using neural network is proposed. It uses a one-dimensional median filter to generate ideal output of network and can complete NUC by a single frame with a high correction level. Applications to both simulated and real infrared images show that the algorithm can obtain a satisfactory result with low complexity, no need of scene diversity or global motion between consecutive frames. It has the potential to realize real-time hardware-based applications.

An improvement of adaptive line enhancer by means of coherent accumulation algorithm

It is well known that the adaptive line enhancer (ALE) is effective detector of CW signal with unknown frequency in the background of white noise. The system processing gain of ALE, when the LMS algorithm is used, however, is not satisfactory because of the presence of iterative noise and weight noise. In this paper, the coherent accumulation algorithm of ALE, called as ALECA, is suggested. It is shown that the adaptive filter employing this new algorithm possesses the ARMA structure. The experimental results also show that the processing gain of ALECA is about 14dB higher than that of conventional ALE.

An adaptive LIC based geographic flow field visualization method by means of rotation distance

Geographic visualization is essential for explaining and describing spatiotemporal geographical processes in flow fields.However,due to multi-scale structures and irregular spatial distribution of vortices in complex geographic flow fields,existing two-dimensional visualization methods are susceptible to the effects of data accuracy and sampling resolution,resulting in incomplete and inaccurate vortex information.To address this,we propose an adaptive Line Integral Convolution(LIC)based geographic flow field visualization method by means of rotation distance.Our novel framework of rotation distance and its quantification allows for the effective identification and extraction of vortex features in flow fields effectively.We then improve the LIC algorithm using rotation distance by constructing high-frequency noise from it as input to the convolution,with the integration step size adjusted.This approach allows us to effectively distinguish between vortex and non-vortex fields and adaptively represent the details of vortex features in complex geographic flow fields.Our experimental results show that the proposed method leads to more accurate and effective visualization of the geographic flow fields.