Using a stiffness matrix method, we in- vestigate the propagation behaviors of elastic waves in one-dimensional (1D) piezoelectric/piezomagnetic (PE/PM) phononic crystals (PCs) with line defects by calculating e...Using a stiffness matrix method, we in- vestigate the propagation behaviors of elastic waves in one-dimensional (1D) piezoelectric/piezomagnetic (PE/PM) phononic crystals (PCs) with line defects by calculating energy reflection/transmittion coefficients of quasi-pressure and quasi-shear waves. Line defects are created by the re- placement of PE or PM constituent layer. The defect modes existing in the first gap are considered and the influences on defect modes of the material properties and volume fraction of the defect layers, the type of incident waves, the location of defect layer and the number of structural layers are discussed in detail. Numerical results indicate that defect modes are the most obvious when the defect layers are inserted in the middle of the perfect PCs; the types of incidence wave and material properties of the defect layers have important effects on the numbers, the location of frequencies and the peaks of defect modes, and the defect modes are strongly de- pendent on volume fraction of the defect layers. We hope this paper will be found useful for the design of PE/PM acoustic filters or acoustic transducer with PCs structures.展开更多
We investigate in detail the influence of line defects on focusing of electromagnetic waves in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal flat lens. Through simulations, we find that a focusing can always be observed when a l...We investigate in detail the influence of line defects on focusing of electromagnetic waves in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal flat lens. Through simulations, we find that a focusing can always be observed when a line defect in the lens is introduced along the light transmission direction and the width of the line defect is less than λ/2. However, there appear two focusings when the width of the line defect is more than λ/2. When the line defect is introduced along the direction perpendicular to the transmission, there is always one focusing.展开更多
Miniaturization of efficient thermoelectric(TE)devices has long been hindered by the weak mechanical strength and insufficient heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of zone-melted(ZM)ingots.Here,we successfully pr...Miniaturization of efficient thermoelectric(TE)devices has long been hindered by the weak mechanical strength and insufficient heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of zone-melted(ZM)ingots.Here,we successfully prepared a robust high-performance p-type Bi_(0.4)Sb_(1.6)Te_(3.72)bulk alloy by combining an ultrafast thermal explosion reaction with the spark plasma sintering(TER-SPS)process.It is observed that the introduced excess Te not only enhances the(00l)-oriented texture to ensure an outstanding power factor(PF)of 5 mW m^(−1)K^(−2),but also induces extremely high-density line defects of up to 10^(11)–10^(12)cm^(−2).Benefiting from such heavily dense line defects,the enhancement of the electronic thermal conductance from the increased electron mobility is fully compensated by the stronger phonon scattering,leading to an evident net reduction in total thermal conductivity.As a result,a superior ZT value of~1.4 at 350 K is achieved,which is 40%higher than that of commercial ZM ingots.Moreover,owing to the strengthening of grain refinement and highdensity line defects,the mechanical compressive stress reaches up to 94 MPa,which is 154%more than that of commercial single crystals.This research presents an effective strategy for the collaborative optimization of the texture,TE performance,and mechanical strength of Bi2Te3-based materials.As such,the present study contributes significantly to the future commercial development of miniature TE devices.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)materials with defects are desired for catalysis after the adsorption of monodispersed noble metal atoms.High-performance catalysts with the absolute value of Gibbs free energy(|△GH|)close to zero,...Two-dimensional(2D)materials with defects are desired for catalysis after the adsorption of monodispersed noble metal atoms.High-performance catalysts with the absolute value of Gibbs free energy(|△GH|)close to zero,is one of the ultimate goals in the catalytic field.Here,we report the formation of monolayer titanium selenide(TiSe2)with line defects.The low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy(STM/S)measurements revealed the structure and electronic states of the line defect.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation results confirmed that the line defects were induced by selenium vacancies and the STM simulation was in good agreement with the experimental results.Further,DFT calculations show that monolayer TiSe_(2) with line defects have good catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).If the defects are decorated with single Pt atom,the HER catalytic activity will be enhanced dramatically(|△GH|=0.006 eV),which is much better than Pt metal(|△GH|=0.09 eV).Line defects in monolayer TiSe_(2)/Au(111)provide a wonderful platform for the design of high-performance catalysts.展开更多
Aluminum metallization using the sprayed coating for exhaust mild steel (MS) pipes of tractors is a standard practice for avoiding rusting. Patches of thin metal coats are prone to rusting and are thus considered as...Aluminum metallization using the sprayed coating for exhaust mild steel (MS) pipes of tractors is a standard practice for avoiding rusting. Patches of thin metal coats are prone to rusting and are thus considered as defects in the surface coating. This paper reports a novel configuration of the fiber optic sensor for on-line checking the aluminum metaUization uniformity and hence for defect detection. An optimally chosen high bright 440 nm BLUE LED (light-emitting diode) launches light into a transmitting fiber inclined at the angle of 60° to the surface under inspection placed adequately. The reflected light is transported by a receiving fiber to a blue enhanced photo detector. The metallization thickness on the coated surface results in visually observable variation in the gray shades. The coated pipe is spirally inspected by a combination of linear and rotary motions. The sensor output is the signal conditioned and monitored with RISHUBH DAS. Experimental results show the good repeatability in the defect detection and coating non-uniformity measurement.展开更多
Ru-based superconductor LaRu_(2)As_(2) has been discovered exhibiting the highest critical temperature of ~ 7.8 K among iron-free transition metal pnictides with the ThCr_(2)Si_(2)-type crystal structure. However, mic...Ru-based superconductor LaRu_(2)As_(2) has been discovered exhibiting the highest critical temperature of ~ 7.8 K among iron-free transition metal pnictides with the ThCr_(2)Si_(2)-type crystal structure. However, microscopic research on this novel superconducting material is still lacking. Here, we utilize scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy to uncover the superconductivity and surface structure of LaRu_(2)As_(2). Two distinct terminating surfaces are identified on the cleaved crystals, namely, the As surface and the La surface. Atomic missing line defects are observed on the La surface. Both surfaces exhibit a superconducting gap of ~ 1.0 me V. By employing quasiparticle interference techniques, we observe standing wave patterns near the line defects on the La atomic plane. These patterns are attributed to quasiparticle scattering from two electron type parabolic bands.展开更多
脱空和不密实是隧道衬砌最常见的两种病害。在这两种病害长期作用下会导致隧道出现破裂、渗漏水、钢筋锈蚀,最终造成隧道塌方等问题,严重威胁行车安全。采用探地雷达对隧道进行无损探测是发现这些病害或缺陷的常见方式,但大量雷达数据...脱空和不密实是隧道衬砌最常见的两种病害。在这两种病害长期作用下会导致隧道出现破裂、渗漏水、钢筋锈蚀,最终造成隧道塌方等问题,严重威胁行车安全。采用探地雷达对隧道进行无损探测是发现这些病害或缺陷的常见方式,但大量雷达数据的人工识别存在着工作量大、效率低、强烈依赖人员的专业素养等问题。本文提出一种基于深度学习的隧道衬砌缺陷的自动检测方法——自监督多尺度池化区域卷积神经网络方法(Self-monitoring Multi-scale ROI Align Region Convolutional Neural Network,SMR-RCNN),以提高缺陷识别的效率,并减少主观因素的影响。在雷达探测隧道衬砌的实践中,数据量巨大,但缺陷样本却很少,这对训练神经网络是一个相当大的挑战。为此,设计了一种数据增强的方法来增加缺陷的样本数量,且使用一种自监督对比学习的网络模型来提取雷达数据的特征,然后将其迁移到改进后的Faster-RCNN网络模型中;最后,使用有标签的样本对改进的Faster-RCNN网络进行细调训练。实验结果表明,相较于传统的Faster-RCNN方法,本文提出的算法增强了神经网络对脱空和不密实两类缺陷的自动识别能力,在检测精度上得到了显著提高,mAP值提升了12%。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11102122)
文摘Using a stiffness matrix method, we in- vestigate the propagation behaviors of elastic waves in one-dimensional (1D) piezoelectric/piezomagnetic (PE/PM) phononic crystals (PCs) with line defects by calculating energy reflection/transmittion coefficients of quasi-pressure and quasi-shear waves. Line defects are created by the re- placement of PE or PM constituent layer. The defect modes existing in the first gap are considered and the influences on defect modes of the material properties and volume fraction of the defect layers, the type of incident waves, the location of defect layer and the number of structural layers are discussed in detail. Numerical results indicate that defect modes are the most obvious when the defect layers are inserted in the middle of the perfect PCs; the types of incidence wave and material properties of the defect layers have important effects on the numbers, the location of frequencies and the peaks of defect modes, and the defect modes are strongly de- pendent on volume fraction of the defect layers. We hope this paper will be found useful for the design of PE/PM acoustic filters or acoustic transducer with PCs structures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10704006)
文摘We investigate in detail the influence of line defects on focusing of electromagnetic waves in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal flat lens. Through simulations, we find that a focusing can always be observed when a line defect in the lens is introduced along the light transmission direction and the width of the line defect is less than λ/2. However, there appear two focusings when the width of the line defect is more than λ/2. When the line defect is introduced along the direction perpendicular to the transmission, there is always one focusing.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0703600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51772232)+1 种基金the 111 Project of China (B07040)Wuhan Frontier Project on Applied Research Foundation (2019010701011405)
文摘Miniaturization of efficient thermoelectric(TE)devices has long been hindered by the weak mechanical strength and insufficient heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of zone-melted(ZM)ingots.Here,we successfully prepared a robust high-performance p-type Bi_(0.4)Sb_(1.6)Te_(3.72)bulk alloy by combining an ultrafast thermal explosion reaction with the spark plasma sintering(TER-SPS)process.It is observed that the introduced excess Te not only enhances the(00l)-oriented texture to ensure an outstanding power factor(PF)of 5 mW m^(−1)K^(−2),but also induces extremely high-density line defects of up to 10^(11)–10^(12)cm^(−2).Benefiting from such heavily dense line defects,the enhancement of the electronic thermal conductance from the increased electron mobility is fully compensated by the stronger phonon scattering,leading to an evident net reduction in total thermal conductivity.As a result,a superior ZT value of~1.4 at 350 K is achieved,which is 40%higher than that of commercial ZM ingots.Moreover,owing to the strengthening of grain refinement and highdensity line defects,the mechanical compressive stress reaches up to 94 MPa,which is 154%more than that of commercial single crystals.This research presents an effective strategy for the collaborative optimization of the texture,TE performance,and mechanical strength of Bi2Te3-based materials.As such,the present study contributes significantly to the future commercial development of miniature TE devices.
基金We thank Guangchao Chen for his help.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFA0308500 and 2018YFA0305800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61925111 and 61888102)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB28000000 and XDB30000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics.
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)materials with defects are desired for catalysis after the adsorption of monodispersed noble metal atoms.High-performance catalysts with the absolute value of Gibbs free energy(|△GH|)close to zero,is one of the ultimate goals in the catalytic field.Here,we report the formation of monolayer titanium selenide(TiSe2)with line defects.The low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy(STM/S)measurements revealed the structure and electronic states of the line defect.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation results confirmed that the line defects were induced by selenium vacancies and the STM simulation was in good agreement with the experimental results.Further,DFT calculations show that monolayer TiSe_(2) with line defects have good catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).If the defects are decorated with single Pt atom,the HER catalytic activity will be enhanced dramatically(|△GH|=0.006 eV),which is much better than Pt metal(|△GH|=0.09 eV).Line defects in monolayer TiSe_(2)/Au(111)provide a wonderful platform for the design of high-performance catalysts.
文摘Aluminum metallization using the sprayed coating for exhaust mild steel (MS) pipes of tractors is a standard practice for avoiding rusting. Patches of thin metal coats are prone to rusting and are thus considered as defects in the surface coating. This paper reports a novel configuration of the fiber optic sensor for on-line checking the aluminum metaUization uniformity and hence for defect detection. An optimally chosen high bright 440 nm BLUE LED (light-emitting diode) launches light into a transmitting fiber inclined at the angle of 60° to the surface under inspection placed adequately. The reflected light is transported by a receiving fiber to a blue enhanced photo detector. The metallization thickness on the coated surface results in visually observable variation in the gray shades. The coated pipe is spirally inspected by a combination of linear and rotary motions. The sensor output is the signal conditioned and monitored with RISHUBH DAS. Experimental results show the good repeatability in the defect detection and coating non-uniformity measurement.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62488201 and 52072401)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0308500)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YSBR-003)the Innovation Program of Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302700)。
文摘Ru-based superconductor LaRu_(2)As_(2) has been discovered exhibiting the highest critical temperature of ~ 7.8 K among iron-free transition metal pnictides with the ThCr_(2)Si_(2)-type crystal structure. However, microscopic research on this novel superconducting material is still lacking. Here, we utilize scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy to uncover the superconductivity and surface structure of LaRu_(2)As_(2). Two distinct terminating surfaces are identified on the cleaved crystals, namely, the As surface and the La surface. Atomic missing line defects are observed on the La surface. Both surfaces exhibit a superconducting gap of ~ 1.0 me V. By employing quasiparticle interference techniques, we observe standing wave patterns near the line defects on the La atomic plane. These patterns are attributed to quasiparticle scattering from two electron type parabolic bands.
文摘脱空和不密实是隧道衬砌最常见的两种病害。在这两种病害长期作用下会导致隧道出现破裂、渗漏水、钢筋锈蚀,最终造成隧道塌方等问题,严重威胁行车安全。采用探地雷达对隧道进行无损探测是发现这些病害或缺陷的常见方式,但大量雷达数据的人工识别存在着工作量大、效率低、强烈依赖人员的专业素养等问题。本文提出一种基于深度学习的隧道衬砌缺陷的自动检测方法——自监督多尺度池化区域卷积神经网络方法(Self-monitoring Multi-scale ROI Align Region Convolutional Neural Network,SMR-RCNN),以提高缺陷识别的效率,并减少主观因素的影响。在雷达探测隧道衬砌的实践中,数据量巨大,但缺陷样本却很少,这对训练神经网络是一个相当大的挑战。为此,设计了一种数据增强的方法来增加缺陷的样本数量,且使用一种自监督对比学习的网络模型来提取雷达数据的特征,然后将其迁移到改进后的Faster-RCNN网络模型中;最后,使用有标签的样本对改进的Faster-RCNN网络进行细调训练。实验结果表明,相较于传统的Faster-RCNN方法,本文提出的算法增强了神经网络对脱空和不密实两类缺陷的自动识别能力,在检测精度上得到了显著提高,mAP值提升了12%。