ON DETERMINATION OF THE IMPULSIVE SOLUTIONS AND IMPULSIVE PROPERTIES TO LINEAR NON-HOMOGENEOUS MATRIX DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

This note contains three main results.Firstly,a complete solution of the Linear Non-Homogeneous Matrix Differential Equations(LNHMDEs)is presented that takes into account both the non-zero initial conditions of the pseudo state and the nonzero initial conditions of the input.Secondly,in order to characterise the dynamics of the LNHMDEs correctly,some important concepts such as the state,slow state(smooth state)and fast state(impulsive state)are generalized to the LNHMDE case and the solution of the LNHMDEs is separated into the smooth(slow)response and the fast(implusive)response.As a third result,a new characterization of the impulsive free initial conditions of the LNHMDEs is given.

Parameterized Solution to a Class of Sylvester Matrix Equations

A class of formulas for converting linear matrix mappings into conventional linear mappings are presented. Using them, an easily computable numerical method for complete parameterized solutions of the Sylvester matrix equation AX - EXF = BY and its dual equation XA - FXE = YC are provided. It is also shown that the results obtained can be used easily for observer design. The method proposed in this paper is universally applicable to linear matrix equations.

Closed-form Solutions to the Matrix Equation AX-EXF=BY with F in Companion Form

A closed-form solution to the linear matrix equation AX-EXF = BY with X and Y unknown and matrix F being in a companion form is proposed, and two equivalent forms of this solution are also presented. The results provide great convenience to the computation and analysis of the solutions to this class of equations, and can perform important functions in many analysis and design problems in descriptor system theory. The results proposed here are parallel to and more general than our early work about the linear matrix equation AX-XF = BY .

Exact Solution of a Linear Difference Equation in a Finite Number of Steps

An exact solution of a linear difference equation in a finite number of steps has been obtained. This refutes the conventional wisdom that a simple iterative method for solving a system of linear algebraic equations is approximate. The nilpotency of the iteration matrix is the necessary and sufficient condition for getting an exact solution. The examples of iterative equations providing an exact solution to the simplest algebraic system are presented.

Roughness of Exponential Estimates for Linear Functional Differential Equations

Assume that the fundamental solution matrix U (t, s ) of x’(t)=L(t, x,) satisfies |U(t,s)|≤Ke-e(t-s) for t≥s.If|(t,φ)|≤δ|φ(0)|with δ【a/K, then the fundamental solution matrix of the perturbed equation x’(t)=L(t,x,)+(t ,x,) also possesses similar exponential estimate. For α=0, a similar result is given.

On a Matrix Equation AX+XB=C over a Skew Field

In this paper we study a matrix equation AX+BX=C(I)over an arbitrary skew field,and give a consistency criterion of(I)and an explicit expression of general solutions of(I).A convenient,simple and practical method of solving(I)is also given.As a particular case,we also give a simple method of finding a system of fundamental solutions of a homogeneous system of right linear equations over a skew field.

A New Understanding on the Problem That the Quintic Equation Has No Radical Solutions

It is proved in this paper that Abel’s and Galois’s proofs that the quintic equations have no radical solutions are invalid. Due to Abel’s and Galois’s work about two hundred years ago, it was generally accepted that general quintic equations had no radical solutions. However, Tang Jianer et al. recently prove that there are radical solutions for some quintic equations with special forms. The theories of Abel and Galois cannot explain these results. On the other hand, Gauss et al. proved the fundamental theorem of algebra. The theorem declared that there were n solutions for the n degree equations, including the radical and non-radical solutions. The theories of Abel and Galois contradicted with the fundamental theorem of algebra. Due to the reasons above, the proofs of Abel and Galois should be re-examined and re-evaluated. The author carefully analyzed the Abel’s original paper and found some serious mistakes. In order to prove that the general solution of algebraic equation he proposed was effective for the cubic equation, Abel took the known solutions of cubic equation as a premise to calculate the parameters of his equation. Therefore, Abel’s proof is a logical circular argument and invalid. Besides, Abel confused the variables with the coefficients (constants) of algebraic equations. An expansion with 14 terms was written as 7 terms, 7 terms were missing. We prefer to consider Galois’s theory as a hypothesis rather than a proof. Based on that permutation group S5 had no true normal subgroup, Galois concluded that the quintic equations had no radical solutions, but these two problems had no inevitable logic connection actually. In order to prove the effectiveness of radical extension group of automorphism mapping for the cubic and quartic equations, in the Galois’s theory, some algebraic relations among the roots of equations were used to replace the root itself. This violated the original definition of automorphism mapping group, led to the confusion of concepts and arbitrariness. For the general cubic and quartic algebraic equations, the actual solving processes do not satisfy the tower structure of Galois’s solvable group. The resolvents of cubic and quartic equations are proved to have no symmetries of Galois’s soluble group actually. It is invalid to use the solvable group theory to judge whether the high degree equation has a radical solution. The conclusion of this paper is that there is only the Sn symmetry for the n degree algebraic equations. The symmetry of Galois’s solvable group does not exist. Mathematicians should get rid of the constraints of Abel and Galois’s theories, keep looking for the radical solutions of high degree equations.

应用线性方程组理论证明矩阵秩的性质

利用矩阵秩的定义证明矩阵秩的性质时,需要使用行列式的性质,证明过程较为复杂。线性方程组解的理论与矩阵秩的内在联系,使得用线性方程组解的理论证明矩阵秩的性质成为可能。应用线性方程组解的理论,可将矩阵秩的等式证明转化为线性方程组解空间相等的证明;将矩阵秩的不等式的证明转化为解空间包含的证明。从行列式性质法的证明转化为集合间关系的证明,不仅简化了矩阵秩的性质的证明,而且证明过程便于理解。

线性代数中的线性方程组方法

本文从齐次线性方程组的同解理论、非零解的判定、解空间的维数公式、解空间与系数矩阵行空间的正交性等角度,阐述线性方程组方法在线性代数中的广泛应用.

Linear mathematical model for the unique solution of 3D ptychographic iterative engine

Diffraction intensities of the 3D ptychographic iterative engine(3PIE)were written as a set of linear equations of the selfcorrelations of Fourier components of all sample slices,and an effective computing method was developed to solve these linear equations for the transmission functions of all sample slices analytically.With both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations,this study revealed the underlying physics and mathematics of 3PIE and demonstrated for the first time,to our knowledge,that 3PIE can generate mathematically unique reconstruction even with noisy data.

探讨线性方程组求解问题

对于线性方程组,只有在方程的个数等于未知量的个数,系数行列式不等于零的情况下,才可以使用克莱姆法则求得,也可以使用逆矩阵法求得。而对于一般的线性方程组,如何判定它是否有解、解是否唯一,以及在解不唯一的情况下,又该如何求出它的解。这个问题的解决,对理论和实际都具有十分重要的意义。以下以矩阵为工具,探求一般线性方程组解的情况和解的问题。

一类矩阵方程的解及其应用

目前许多力学问题,如计算物理、地质学、结构设计、分子光谱学、电学、参数识别、自动控制、商务智能、线性系统理论、大数据分析与动态分析等领域,都要依赖于矩阵方程。研究了矩阵方程AX=B的求解问题,给出了矩阵方程AX=B有解的新判别条件及其通解表达式,推广了矩阵方程AX=B的判解条件和通解形式;例题表明简化了矩阵方程AX=B的求解过程,同时也简化了向量组的线性表示式和基到基的过渡矩阵计算,这对于充实矩阵方程的求解理论和简化计算均是有益的。

常数变易法在微分方程求解中的应用探究

常数变易法是解常微分方程行之有效的一种方法,是拉格朗日历经十一年研究的一种特殊的变量代换法。为探究常数变易法的教学拓展,将常数变易法应用于求解线性微分方程组和高阶线性微分方程,通过常数变易过程,给出简洁推演,建立通解公式,并以典型示例,阐明了公式的实际操作过程。

线性方程组的基础解系

本文研究了线性方程组的基础解系.

A Class of Quadratic Matrix Equations over Finite Fields

We exhibit an explicit formula for the cardinality of solutions to a class of quadratic matrix equations over finite fields.We prove that the orbits of these solutions under the natural conjugation action of the general linear groups can be separated by classical conjugation invariants defined by characteristic polynomials.We also find a generating set for the vanishing ideal of these orbits.

Jordan定理及其应用

Jordan标准形是矩阵论中的重要概念,在代数学中发挥着重要作用.Jordan定理是解决相关数学问题的有力工具,文章通过例子展示其在矩阵分解、矩阵相似、特征值的计算及微分线性方程组的求解等方面的应用.

大型稀疏线性方程组的数值解法

在许多利用经典算法求线性方程组的数值解的过程中,系数矩阵中的零元素对计算结果没有影响,也就没有存储的必要。如果是大型稀疏线性方程组,这样可以节省大量的存储空间。为此,提出一种在MATLAB语言环境中仅储存系数矩阵中非零元素的方法:利用3个1维数组储存系数矩阵中的非零元素及其在矩阵中的位置(行号,列号)。在编程时,忽略零元素参与的运算,可使计算量大大减少。这2个方面的改进使得利用经典算法求解大型稀疏线性方程组成为可能。借助于Jacobi迭代法进行的一系列数值实验,验证了这一探索的可行性。

初等行变换求齐次线性方程组通解的教学探讨

求齐次线性方程组的通解在“线性代数”与“高等代数”的教学中占据着重要地位。教材的解法是利用初等行变换,将系数矩阵化为行阶梯形矩阵,从而确定基本未知量和自由未知量,然后根据行阶梯形矩阵写出对应的齐次线性方程组,并用自由未知量表示基本未知量,从而得到齐次线性方程组的通解。本文通过利用初等行变换将系数矩阵化为行最简形矩阵,直接产生基础解系,进而获得齐次线性方程组的通解。

矩阵方程A_1X_1B_1+A_2X_2B_2+…+A_lX_lB_l=C的中心对称解及其最佳逼近

设矩阵X=(x_(ij))∈R^(n×n),如果x_(ij)=x_(n+1-i,n+1-j)(i,j=1,2,…,n),则称X是中心对称矩阵.该文构造了一种迭代法求矩阵方程A_1X_1B_1+A_2X_2B_2+…+A_lX_lB_l=C的中心对称解组(其中[X_1,X_2,…,X_l]是实矩阵组).当矩阵方程相容时,对任意初始的中心对称矩阵组[X_1^((0)),X_2^((0)),…,X_l^((0))],在没有舍入误差的情况下,经过有限步迭代,得到它的一个中心对称解组,并且,通过选择一种特殊的中心对称矩阵组,得到它的最小范数中心对称解组.另外,给定中心对称矩阵组[(?)_1,(?)_2,…,(?)_l],通过求矩阵方程A_1(?)_1B_1+A_2(?)_2B_2+…+A_l(?)_lB_l=(?)(其中(?)=C-A_1(?)_1B_1-A_2(?)_2B_2-…-A_l(?)_lB_l)的中心对称解组,得到它的最佳逼近中心对称解组.实例表明这种方法是有效的.

管式间接蒸发冷却器传递过程的解析解及验证

根据换热器计算理论，结合管式间接蒸发冷却器中热湿交换过程的特点，将其抽象为管束内一次空气不混合，管束外二次空气和水膜横向混合的叉流换热器.计及二次空气和水膜的热湿交换，建立了描述换热器中热湿交换过程的理论模型，利用实验测出的边界条件对基本方程组进行求解,得到了一次空气、水膜温度及二次空气焓在空间分布的解析表达式.用试验结果对理论计算值进行了验证，说明建立的理论模型具有较好的可靠性．