Linear dichroism transition and polarization-sensitive photodetector of quasi-one-dimensional palladium bromide

Perpendicular optical reversal of the linear dichroism transition has promising applications in polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices. We perform a systematical study on the in-plane optical anisotropy of quasi-one-dimensional PdBr_(2) by using combined measurements of the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy(ARPRS) and anisotropic optical absorption spectrum. The analyses of ARPRS data validate the anisotropic Raman properties of the PdBr_(2) flake.And anisotropic optical absorption spectrum of PdBr_(2) nanoflake demonstrates distinct optical linear dichroism reversal. Photodetector constructed by PdBr_(2) nanowire exhibits high responsivity of 747 A·W^(-1) and specific detectivity of 5.8×10^(12) Jones. And the photodetector demonstrates prominent polarization-sensitive photoresponsivity under 405-nm light irradiation with large photocurrent anisotropy ratio of 1.56, which is superior to those of most of previously reported quasi-one-dimensional counterparts. Our study offers fundamental insights into the strong optical anisotropy exhibited by PdBr_(2), establishing it as a promising candidate for miniaturization and integration trends of polarization-related applications.

Simultaneous fluorescence and Compton scattering computed tomography based on linear polarization X-ray

Purpose To propose a method for simultaneous fluorescence and Compton scattering computed tomography by using linearly polarized X-rays.Methods Monte Carlo simulations were adopted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.In the simulations,the phantom is a polytetrafluoroethylene cylinder inside which are cylindrical columns containing aluminum,water,and gold(Au)-loaded water solutions with Au concentrations ranging between 0.5 and 4.0 wt%,and a parallel-hole collimator imaging geometry was adopted.The light source was modeled based on a Thomson scattering X-ray source.The phantom images for both imaging modalities were reconstructed using a maximumlikelihood expectation maximization algorithm.Results Both the X-ray fluorescence computed tomography(XFCT)and Compton scattering computed tomography(CSCT)images of the phantom were accurately reconstructed.A similar attenuation contrast problem for the different cylindrical columns in the phantom can be resolved in the XFCT and CSCT images.The interplay between XFCT and CSCT was analyzed,and the contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the reconstruction was improved by correcting for the mutual influence between the two imaging modalities.Compared with K-edge subtraction imaging,XFCT exhibits a CNR advantage for the phantom.Conclusion Simultaneous XFCT and CSCT can be realized by using linearly polarized X-rays.The synergy between the two imaging modalities would have an important application in cancer radiation therapy.

Joint Estimation of 2-D DOA and Polarization by Using the Linear Array with Diverse Polarizations

A linear array of diversely polarized antennas with one pair of identical sensors is used to obtain closed-form unambiguous estimation of 2-D direction of arrival （DOA） and polarization. Spatial phase information together with weighted 3-D polarization-angular coherence structure （PACS） are first recovered with fourth-order cumulants manipulation via a new 2-D ESPRIT variant. Spatial filtering is performed to obtain the scaled PACS, from which the closed-form 2-D DOA and polarization estimates can be derived with only quadrant ambiguity involved. The undesired quadrant ambiguity can be further resolved by using the acquired estimate of spatial phase factor.

Noiseless linear amplification for the single-photon entanglement of arbitrary polarization–time-bin qudit

Single-photon entanglement(SPE) is an important source in quantum communication. In this paper, we put forward a single-photon-assisted noiseless linear amplification protocol to protect the SPE of an arbitrary polarization–time-bin qudit from the photon transmission loss caused by the practical channel noise. After the amplification, the fidelity of the SPE can be effectively increased. Meanwhile, the encoded polarization–time-bin features of the qudit can be well preserved. The protocol can be realized under the current experimental conditions. Moreover, the amplification protocol can be extended to resist complete photon loss and partial photon loss during the photon transmission. After the amplification, we can not only increase the fidelity of the target state, but also solve the decoherence problem simultaneously. Based on the above features, our amplification protocol may be useful in future quantum communication.

Linear polarization holography

Polarization holography is a newly researched field,that has gained traction with the development of tensor theory.It primarily focuses on the interaction between polarization waves and photosensitive materials.The extraordinary capabil-ities in modulating the amplitude,phase,and polarization of light have resulted in several new applications,such as holo-graphic storage technology,multichannel polarization multiplexing,vector beams,and optical functional devices.In this paper,fundamental research on polarization holography with linear polarized wave,a component of the theory of polariz-ation holography,has been reviewed.Primarily,the effect of various polarization changes on the linear and nonlinear po-larization characteristics of reconstructed wave under continuous exposure and during holographic recording and recon-struction have been focused upon.The polarization modulation realized using these polarization characteristics exhibits unusual functionalities,rendering polarization holography as an attractive research topic in many fields of applications.This paper aims to provide readers with new insights and broaden the application of polarization holography in more sci-entific and technological research fields.

Linear polarization output performance of Nd:YAG laser at 946 nm considering the energy-transfer upconversion

A theoretical model of quasi-three-level laser system is developed, in which both the thermally induced depolarization loss and the effect of energy-transfer upconversion are taken into account. Based on the theoretical investigation of the influences of output transmission and incident pump power on thermally induced depolarization loss, the output performance of 946 nm linearly polarized Nd：YAG laser is experimentally studied. By optimizing the transmission of output coupler, a 946 nm linearly polarized continuous-wave single-transverse-mode laser with an output power of 4.2 W and an optical-optical conversion efficiency of 16.8% is obtained, and the measured beam quality factors are M2 = 1.13 and My2 = 1.21. The theoretical prediction is in good agreement with the experimental result.

Super-resolution fluorescence polarization microscopy

Fluorescence polarization is related to the dipole orientation of chromophores,making fuores-cence polarization microscopy possible to_reveal structures and functions of tagged cellularorganelles and biological macromolecules.Several recent super resolution techniques have beenapplied to fluorescence polarization microscopy,achieving dipole measurement at nanoscale.In this review,we summarize both difraction limited and super resolution fluorescence polari-zation microscopy techniques,as well as their applications in biological imaging.

Generation of Linear Isolated Sub-60 Attosecond Pulses by Combining a Circularly Polarized Pulse with an Elliptically Polarized Pulse

The two-color circularly polarized pulses scheme was proposed to generate isolated attosecond pulses in our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 87 （2013） 043406], while the polarization of the attosecond pulse was not investigated. We show a supplementary explanation of this scheme and present another scheme to generate linear isolated attosecond pulses by combining a circularly polarized pulse with an elliptically polarized pulse. High-order harmonic generation and quantum path control are investigated to compare these two schemes. Both schemes can obtain supercontinuum spectra plateau from about 200eV to 550eV, which belong to the water window region. It is found that the latter scheme can clearly eliminate the short quantum path and extend the harmonic plateau. A linear isolated attosecond pulse with a duration of sub-6Oas can be generated by superposing a bandwidth of 70eV.

UV-Polarizing Linear Polyyne Molecules Aligned in PVA

Electronic absorption bands of conjugated linear carbon chain molecules, namely polyynes H(C≡C)nH (n=5-7), are exploited to devise light-polarizing films applicable to the UV. Laser ablated polyynes are separated in size and dispersed in a film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which is stretched to align the trapped linear polyyne molecules inside. As a nature of the structural anisotropy, transition dipole of the UV absorption for polyyne molecules is in parallel with the molecular axis and the absorption occurs only for the electromagnetic wave having the amplitude of its electric vector along the molecular axis. Aligned and fixed orientationally in the solid PVA film, polyyne molecules act as selective absorbers of one of the polarization components of incident light at particular wavelength. Using a light source of linearly polarized UV light, whose direction of polarization is rotatable, angular dependence of the absorption intensity is investigated for the stretched PVA film containing aligned polyyne molecules and analyzed in terms of an order parameter in the theory of linear dichroism.

Polarization manipulation of bright-dark vector bisolitons

We simulate the polarization manipulation of bright-dark vector bisolitons at 1-µm wavelength regime.Through changing the pulse parameters,different kinds of pulse shapes and optical spectra are generated in output orthogonal polarization directions.When the input vector bisoliton is polarization-locked with 1064 nm central wavelength,“1+1”fundamental dark-dark and“2+1”pseudo-high-order bright-dark group-velocity-locked vector solitons can be achieved through changing the projection angle.When the input vector bisoliton is group-velocity-locked with 1063 nm and 1065 nm central wavelengths,“2+1”and“2+2”pseudo-high-order bright-dark group-velocity-locked vector solitons,bright-dark group-velocity-locked vector solitons with chirp-like temporal oscillations are generated.Our simulation results can provide beneficial conduct for polarization manipulation of vector multi-solitons,and have promising applications in quantum information register,optical communications,nanophotonics,and all-optical switching.

Comparative Study on Polarization Spectral Parameters of Fruit in Southern Xinjiang Based on Roujean Model

Based on the study of phase angle and wavelength in pBRDF (Polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function), roujean model was proposed to describe Orient (Polarization phase angle) quantitatively. The Roujean model was used to quantitatively describe different fruits intensity components (F00) and polarization phase angle (Orient), and the simulation results were analyzed and compared using statistical analysis and comparison methods to realize the prediction from the regular model to the outdoor fruit tree canopy to the canopy of outdoor fruit tree canopy random distribution. The experimental results showed that: 1) when the phase angle of jujube was 52.19°, 66.51° and 88.26°, the R2 and average errors of F00 parameters described by Roujean model are 0.9982, 0.9963, 0.9912 and 3.80%, 4.17%, 6.40%, respectively; and the R2 and average error of Orient parameters described by Roujean model are 0.9056, 0.9223, 0.9260 and 6.23%, 3.32%, 8.05%, respectively;It can be seen that roujean model can quantitatively describe the Orient parameter of jujube;2) When the phase angle of apricot was 70.99°, 71.28° and 67.91°, the R2 and average errors of F00 parameters described by Roujean model is 0.9862, 0.9823, 0.9792 and 3.40%, 4.82%, 5.19%, respectively; And the R2 and average error of Orient parameters described by Roujean model are 0.9382, 0.8947, 0.8849 and 7.19%, 9.28%, 9.47%, respectively. Roujean model can also quantitatively describe the Orient parameter of white apricot. In summary, the Roujean model can provide a good quantitative description of f00 and a good quantitative description of Orient, which in turn can predict the pBRDF parameter for more fruits with different incidence and detection directions. It can correct the influence of angle factor in the nondestructive testing of outdoor fruits.

Improved Measurement Method of Circularly-Polarized Antennas Based on Linear-Component Amplitudes

An improved measurement method of circularly-polarized (CP) antennas based on linear-component amplitudes is proposed in this paper. By utilizing two sets of orthogonal linear polarization (LP) amplitudes, measurement on axial ratio (AR) of CP antennas can be realized without phase information. However, the rotation sense of the co-polarization cannot be determined due to the absence of the phase information. Above problem is discussed here for the first time, and a solution is presented to determine the rotation sense of the co-polarization by using common auxiliary CP antennas. In addition, there will be some particular cases with large errors in actual measurement. Here a corresponding solution method is given. Finally, co-polarization and cross-polarization patterns can be further obtained from AR results. To verify this improved method, a self-developed CP microstrip array was measured. The measured results are in agreement with the simulated results, which prove this method is correct, effective and practical.

GNSS线极化天线干涉信号反演土壤湿度算法测试

利用全球导航卫星系统干涉信号(GNSS-IR)测量土壤湿度已成为热门的研究课题。搭载低成本线性极化天线的智能手机可以方便快捷采集干涉信号信噪比(SNR)。分别仿真垂直和水平线性极化天线采集的GNSS干涉信号,给出2种极化方式下干涉信号SNR波形和反射率随卫星高度角变化的结果。对于垂直极化分量,电磁波会在入射角65°~85°左右时发生全透射,导致干涉信号振荡效果消失,而水平极化不存在该现象。同时,分别仿真右旋圆极化(RHCP)直射和左旋圆极化(LHCP)反射天线采集的GNSS信号,并计算直反射信号的幅值比。在仿真基础上分别利用不同极化天线进行实验,结果表明:采用线性极化天线采集的GNSS干涉信号振荡效果几乎不受卫星高度角的限制,可以为土壤湿度反演提供更多的有效数据,并且反演得到的土壤湿度与同位数据具有良好的一致性,两者的相关性达到0.95。使用搭载圆极化天线的双通道接收机采集北斗系统卫星数据进行对比,相关性达到0.91。对于不同的设备,智能手机采集的GNSS数据占用空间相对比于双通道接收机降低1%,且反演结果相关性接近,由于干涉信号提取直反射信号需要一定的振荡周期,故反演结果的时间分辨率要低于双通道接收机。

一种等通量波束的多极化可重构天线

随着航天技术的革新,对近地轨道的通信需求逐年增高。近地轨道卫星就在此背景下产生,主要应用于遥感探测天气预报和数据通信领域。由于近地轨道卫星天线辐射波束所覆盖的地球表面是球面,因此波束通常设计为等通量形式。由于卫星通信通常存在极化失配、多径效应等问题,选择多极化而不是圆极化作为近地卫星天线的工作状态能更好地适应复杂的工作环境,保证通信质量,将等通量波束天线和多极化可重构技术结合起来有很大的应用前景。基于一对正交圆极化波能合成线极化波的设计原理,文中提出了一种具有等通量波束的多极化可重构天线,该天线由可重构馈电网络和带扼流环的隔片极化器圆波导组成。馈电网络中嵌入单刀四掷开关(SP4T)与单刀双掷开关(SP2T),通过改变开关的工作状态,馈电网络将给圆波导提供不同的馈电条件,在圆波导内隔片的作用下天线实现两种圆极化与两种线极化的可重构。通过在圆波导口引入扼流环以及波导口作“T”型开槽处理,实现波束赋形,并且保证天线在不同极化状态下辐射等通量波束。实测结果显示,天线在不同的极化状态下-15 dB重叠阻抗带宽14.7%,覆盖4.80~5.56 GHz,方向图顶部在θ为-24°~+24°范围内具有平坦效果,圆极化状态下空间轴比覆盖-51°~+50°,覆盖范围大于方向图顶部平坦范围。天线实测结果与仿真结果有较好的一致性,具有多极化和方向图顶部平坦的优势,可满足移动通信和卫星通信中多极化应用场景的需要。

猫乳源乳酸片球菌的分离及对巨噬细胞极化的影响

本试验旨在研究筛选出的猫乳源乳酸片球菌(YH-15)抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的巨噬细胞极化,以确定YH-15对机体免疫功能的调节作用。从猫乳中分离乳酸菌得到猫乳源益生菌YH-15,利用LPS建立小鼠巨噬细胞炎症模型。采用CCK-8法检测YH-15对RAW264.7细胞增殖的影响,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞中的促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及抑炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量;采用Western blot法检测巨噬细胞极化相关指标诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和精氨酸酶-1(Arg-1)的蛋白表达量,并检测乙酰化细胞核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)的蛋白表达以确定YH-15是否通过抑制NF-κB的核转位,从而达到对炎症的抵抗作用。结果表明:从猫乳中成功分离出乳酸片球菌菌株并命名为YH-15;高浓度(10^(9) CFU/mL)YH-15对小鼠巨噬细胞增殖无显著影响(P>0.05),但能够显著降低细胞促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的含量,显著提高抑炎因子IL-10的含量(P<0.05);高浓度YH-15可抑制巨噬细胞向M1型极化,同时诱导巨噬细胞向M2型极化;YH-15显著降低NF-κB p65的蛋白表达(P<0.05)。综上可知,YH-15可诱导巨噬细胞向M2型极化,抵抗LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞的生成及NF-κB p65的蛋白表达,具有预防和抑制炎症的作用。

基于BRDF可见光偏振成像技术的海面溢油油种识别研究

海上溢油事件发生后需要及时判断溢油种类,为溢油事故处置提供及时有效的应对措施。本文利用BRDF多角度测量装置和可见光偏振相机对不同油种和清洁海水进行观测,基于可见光偏振特征筛选出最佳观测Stokes参量和对应观测几何,构建了清洁海水和不同油种数据集,并建立了基于BRDF偏振特征的DBN溢油油种识别模型。研究发现,在实验室可控条件下,相对方位角–60°、0°、–30°组合时油种识别效果较好,光源天顶角和相机观测角二者在接近±50°时识别效果较好;多次重复实验显示,海水、原油、重油、汽油、柴油、棕榈油的最优识别率分别为90%、86.27%、84%、80.44%、82.08%和82%;基于可见光偏振特征所建立的油种识别模型,对于海面溢油种类区分具有较好的效果。

矾冰纳米乳促巨噬细胞M2型极化及抑制炎性细胞因子的表达

目的观察矾冰纳米乳对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导小鼠单核-吞噬细胞(RAW264.7)分泌炎性细胞因子的影响。方法采用LPS诱导RAW264.7为M1表型,显微镜下观察细胞形态的变化,噻唑蓝(methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazo-liumbromide,MTT)比色法检测不同浓度矾冰纳米乳对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)检测白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)的mRNA相对表达量,应用流式细胞仪测定M1/M2型极化的表面标志物CD68和CD206阳性表达率,酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,ELISA)检测细胞上清液中IL-6、TNF-α和IL-10含量。结果采用LPS和矾冰纳米乳对RAW264.7体外培养进行干预时,细胞形态发生了明显变化;低、中、高浓度(8.15、16.30、32.60mg/ml)矾冰纳米乳对RAW264.7无毒性作用;与不加任何处理的空白组比较,LPS刺激生长良好的RAW264.7细胞24h后,模型组中CD68高表达(P<0.001)、CD206低表达(P>0.05),证明M1型巨噬细胞造模成功。药物干预后,与模型组比较,CD68膜表面分子表达量较前降低(P<0.001),CD206较前升高(P<0.001)证明矾冰纳米乳可以增加M2型巨噬细胞膜蛋白的表达量;与模型组(LPS组)比较,矾冰纳米乳可以抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞炎症模型中TNF-α、IL-6分泌(P<0.01,P<0.05),而促进IL-10分泌(P<0.0001);与模型组(LPS组)比较,RT-qPCR检测结果显示,矾冰纳米乳对TNF-α、IL-6mRNA表达有显著抑制作用(P<0.01,P<0.05),而促进IL-10mRNA表达(P<0.01)。结论矾冰纳米乳对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎性反应有较好的抗炎活性,其机制可能是通过抑制炎性细胞因子的分泌及表达而实现的。

求解LP问题的部分基变量算法

一般形式的线性规划问题在找不到基本可行解或对偶问题的基本可行解时,无法用传统的单纯形法或对偶单纯形法求解,即"两看一算"算法.为了解决这个问题,结合两种"两看一算"算法,提出了一种新的算法——部分基变量算法.该算法首先从部分基变量出发,由初等行变换将LP问题转化为准典式,然后由初等行变换找到全部可行基变量,最后用对偶单纯形法得到最优解.对算法的正确性和可行性进行了严格证明,提出算法的实现方式并举例进行了说明,对算法的特点进行了讨论.分析表明所提出的算法是实现线性规划问题求解的较为理想的算法.

基于局部密度的单类分类器LP改进算法

为了提高基于支持域的单类分类器识别率,提出将局部密度加入到分类器设计当中。在Campbe ll等的LP算法基础上,通过k近邻方法对每个样本点引入局部密度因子pi,重新刻画了原算法,使处于不同密度区的数据对分类器的作用不再被同等对待,高密度区的数据对分类超平面作用被强化,而低密度区的数据被削弱,结果使分类超平面自动靠近高密度区而提高了识别率。真实数据集上的实验结果表明,引入局部密度的D-LP算法其泛化性能较原算法有较大提高。

基于双极化解耦超表面的线转圆极化反射阵列天线设计

基于极化结构分离的方法,提出了一种新型双极化宽带解耦超表面单元,2种极化的单元可在25~35 GHz实现相位独立连续调控特性。基于此设计了工作在Ka波段偏馈线极化转圆极化反射阵列天线,测试结果表明,阵列可工作在27~34 GHz,最大增益与口径效率分别为30.7 dBic和46.91%,3 dB轴比带宽为23.47%。该双极化解耦反射超表面单元结构简单、工作带宽较宽、口径效率高且副瓣电平在-22 dB以下,在低成本超表面反射阵列的应用中具有极大潜力。提出的双极化解耦方法在目前低成本超表面应用中具有一定的指导价值。