The role of AVDR in linear cascade testing

Linear cascade testing plays an important role in the research and development of turbomachinery and is widely used over the world.The ideal cascade model of a turbomachinery blade row is two-dimensional.In actual linear cascade testing,the flow through the test section converges due to the development of the boundary layer and secondary flow along the sidewall surfaces of the test section.Axial velocity density ratio(AVDR) is adopted to account for the deviation of the tested cascade flow from the ideal 2D model.Among numerous published cascade works,the influence of AVDR on cascade performance is seen to be complicated with many affecting factors,such as those related to cascade/blade geometry and flow conditions.Also,controlling AVDR is limited by the facility capability.Furthermore,real blade-to-blade flow in turbomachines is usually associated with AVDR greater than unity due to limited span of blades between the hub and shroud such that cascade testing without reducing AVDR could be favored sometimes.All these facets add complexity and diversification to the matter.The current paper reviews previous studies and results on AVDR.Consolidated understanding on the role of AVDR and recommendations on how to deal with it in linear cascade testing are provided.

The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the USA: A Non-Linear ARDL Bounds Test Approach

We study the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the case of USA by using an asymmetric ARDL bounds test approach to achieve the actual model. The quarterly data set covers the period of 1973:1- 2013:4. The findings indicate that the effect of energy consumption is asymmetric in the long term but not in the short term. In the long run, the effect of negative component of energy consumption on economic growth is small and statistically insignificant. The coefficient of the positive component of energy consumption is found about 0.9 and statistically significant at 1% level. We conclude that energy saving policies such as technological progress and organizational rearrangements may have the dimmer effect for the impact of a negative component of energy consumption and the booster effect for impact of the positive component of energy consumption. Thus, energy saving policy should be tightly followed by the goal of high economic growth.

New Stability Tests of Positive Standard and Fractional Linear Systems

New tests for checking asymptotic stability of positive 1D continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems without and with delays and of positive 2D linear systems described by the general and the Roesser models are proposed. Checking of the asymptotic stability of positive 2D linear systems is reduced to checking of suitable corresponding 1D positive linear systems. It is shown that the stability tests can be also applied to checking the asymptotic stability of fractional discrete-time linear systems with delays. Effectiveness of the tests is shown on numerical examples.

Influence of Tilted Angle on Effective Linear Energy Transfer in Single Event Effect Tests for Integrated Circuits at 130 nm Technology Node

A heavy-ion irradiation experiment is studied in digital storage cells with different design approaches in 130？nm CMOS bulk Si and silicon-on-insulator （SOI） technologies. The effectiveness of linear energy transfer （LET） with a tilted ion beam at the 130？nm technology node is obtained. Tests of tilted angles θ=0 ° , 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to the normal direction are performed under heavy-ion Kr with certain power whose LET is about 40？MeVcm 2 /mg at normal incidence. Error numbers in D flip-flop chains are used to determine their upset sensitivity at different incidence angles. It is indicated that the effective LETs for SOI and bulk Si are not exactly in inverse proportion to cosθ , furthermore the effective LET for SOI is more closely in inverse proportion to cosθ compared to bulk Si, which are also the well known behavior. It is interesting that, if we design the sample in the dual interlocked storage cell approach, the effective LET in bulk Si will look like inversely proportional to cosθ very well, which is also specifically explained.

Dense Shaped Refractory Products——Test Method of Linear Changes on Reheating

This Standard specifies methods for the determination of the linear changes on reheating of a dense shaped refractory product.

PARAMETRIC TEST IN PARTIAL LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS

Consider the regression model, n. Here the design points (xi,ti) are known and nonrandom, and ei are random errors. The family of nonparametric estimates of g() including known estimates proposed by Gasser & Muller[1] is also proposed to be a class of new nearest neighbor estimates of g(). Baed on the nonparametric regression procedures, we investigate a statistic for testing H0:g=0, and obtain some aspoptotic results about estimates.

The Dynamic test of Novel Punch Driven by Linear Motor

The key character of punch is its impulsion. For the novel punch driven by linear motor, the computer-aided test system is used. Its frequency performance is calculated by the identification method according to the dynamic demarcation. This dynamic test system presented here can be applied in the sample machines under development and performance test of finished products.

Testing Linearity of Nonparametric Component in Partially Linear Model

In this paper, we propose the test statistic to check whether the nonparametric function in partially linear models is linear or not. We estimate the nonparametric function in alternative by using the local linear method, and then estimate the parameters by the two stage method. The test statistic under the null hypothesis is calculated, and it is shown to be asymptotically normal.

高负荷涡轮叶栅风洞流动周期性研究

为设计符合要求的平面叶栅试验段以开展跨音速高负荷平面叶栅气动试验,以高负荷涡轮转子叶栅为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究了不同来流攻角和不同出口等熵马赫数对高负荷涡轮平面叶栅进口流场的均匀性与叶栅通道流场周期性的影响.结果表明:平面叶栅进口流场沿周向呈现出不均匀的波动分布,靠近吸力面侧壁的三个通道的来流均匀性和准确性普遍较差,叶栅中部和靠近压力面侧壁的通道进口均匀性和准确性较好;进口流场品质直接影响着叶栅通道内流场的周期性,而来流攻角对叶栅进口流场品质的影响比出口等熵马赫数更明显,在正攻角下,攻角偏差极限值约为0.7°,不同叶栅通道进口流场均匀性和准确性较好;从亚音速流动到超音速流动,靠近试验件吸力面侧壁的叶栅通道产生强激波,致使叶片80%轴向弦长处压力误差值增大,叶栅通道流场周期性下降.

履带车辆主动悬挂多点布置优化

为实现履带车辆主动悬挂减振性能和能耗达到综合最优,基于正交试验方法开展履带车辆主动悬挂多点布置优化设计。首先,建立了履带车辆悬挂系统动力学模型,并通过道路模拟试验验证了该模型的合理性;其次,开展了履带车辆悬挂系统正交试验,分析了4种典型路面下各子悬挂对悬挂系统减振性能影响的敏感性;最后,设计了主动悬挂作动器的6个布置方案,通过建立基于线性二次最优(linear quadratic regulator,简称LQR)控制的履带车辆主动悬挂动力学模型,分析了典型路面下各布置方案对悬挂系统减振性能的影响规律及能耗变化规律。结果表明,通过对履带车辆主动悬挂作动器的布置优化,可以实现悬挂减振性能和能耗之间的平衡。

基于离差平方和分解式的线性回归检验统计量的构建

文章基于样本数据离差平方和分解式,分析影响变量之间相关关系的因素.将离差平方和分解成回归平方和与残差平方和两部分,呈现出数据变异的根源在于变量自身取值的差异性和存在不可控制的随机因素两方面叠加的结果.建立线性回归数学模型,应用最小二乘估计法先求出回归方程参数的估计值,由估计值的数学期望、方差的性质,得到回归平方和、残差平方和服从正态分布、χ2分布的结论,再依据F分布、t分布的结构模式,构造回归分析显著性检验的F统计量、t统计量.文章理清了从离差平方和分解式、回归分析模型到选择检验统计量的思维线索.

Testing Equality of Nonparametric Functions in Two Partially Linear Models

We propose the test statistic to check whether the nonpararnetric functions in two partially linear models are equality or not in this paper. We estimate the nonparametric function both in null hypothesis and the alternative by the local linear method, where we ignore the parametric components, and then estimate the parameters by the two stage method. The test statistic is derived, and it is shown to be asymptotically normal under the null hypothesis.

全程老化沥青中温抗疲劳性能及预测模型研究

为分析老化沥青胶结料的中温抗疲劳性能,以三种基质沥青和两种改性沥青为试验材料,基于线性振幅扫描试验和黏弹性连续损伤模型,建立了预测模型。结果表明,在线性振幅扫描试验中,随着频率的增大和老化时间的延长,沥青的复合剪切模量增大,相位角减小;改性沥青的相位角明显小于基质沥青,表明改性剂可以增强沥青胶结料的弹性;基质沥青的疲劳寿命随老化时间延长而缩短,其变化存在一个平缓过渡期;精度检验结果表明,建立的非线性预估模型拟合程度高,可用于不同老化时间沥青胶结料疲劳寿命的预测;推荐采用残留疲劳寿命作为老化沥青胶结料中温抗疲劳性能工程的判断指标,并针对不同类型沥青提出了相应技术要求。

基于Excel软件利用矩阵运算模拟多元线性回归模型的应用分析

文章基于多元线性回归分析的基本原理,模拟多元线性回归方程的矩阵,研究专业基础课程与专业核心课程的相关性.利用Excel软件中的矩阵函数的运算,对兰州城市学院财务管理专业110名学生的线性代数、概率论与数理统计和财务管理学课程卷面成绩为样本数据进行正态性分析.结果表明,课程成绩服从正态分布,据此建立卷面成绩的多元线性回归预测模型,通过对数据样本的方差分析和对统计量进行检验和统计推断,表明方程拟合度较好,以此帮助师生预测财务管理学课程成绩,针对三门课程预测的线性关系,对教师提出了一些教学建议.

基于正交试验的煤岩相似材料最优配比研究

目的为了探寻煤岩相似材料最优配比,方法以赵固一矿煤样的自然视密度、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量为模拟指标,采用正交设计法开展相似材料配比试验。选用碳酸钙、水泥、细河砂、煤粉、蒸馏水为原料,以骨料与胶结剂质量比、胶结剂成分间质量比、骨料成分间质量比和掺水率为控制因素,按照4因素3水平正交配比方案制备了9组相似材料。结果试验结果表明:不同配比下相似材料物理力学参数变化较大,各因素对模拟指标影响规律性强,且骨胶比对相似材料各模拟指标起控制作用,自然视密度、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量均随骨胶比增加而显著下降。通过多元线性回归分析得到相似材料最优配比为碳酸钙∶水泥∶河砂∶煤粉∶水=1∶4∶0.9∶5.8∶3.3,经验证,使用该配比制作的试样在物理力学参数、单轴压缩曲线和破坏形态上能够很好地模拟原煤。结论该研究采用理论与试验相结合的方法寻找最优配比有效可行,可为煤岩相似材料领域研究提供一定借鉴。

Decompositions of Symmetry Using Generalized Linear Diagonals-Parameter Symmetry Model and Orthogonality of Test Statistic for Square Contingency Tables

For square contingency tables with ordered categories, the present paper gives several theorems that the symmetry model holds if and only if the generalized linear diagonals-parameter symmetry model for cell probabilities and for cumulative probabilities and the mean nonequality model of row and column variables hold. It also shows the orthogonality of statistic for testing goodness-of-fit of the symmetry model. An example is given.

基于正交试验的土体动力等效线性模型参数敏感性分析

针对土体材料具有不均匀性的特点,动力参数存在一定的不确定性问题,基于正交试验法,以一堰塞坝为例,采用等效线性模型,对堰塞坝坝体竖向地震峰值加速度和竖向永久变形进行了等效线性模型参数的敏感性分析。结果表明:动力模型中参数k_(2)、n、λ_(max)对于坝体竖向地震峰值加速度的影响较大,其中k_(2)的敏感性最大,其次是n;参数k_(2)、k_(1)、λ_(max)对坝体竖向永久变形的影响较大,其中k_(2)的敏感性最大,其次是k_(1)。

磁悬浮轨道梁均匀温度及温差分量极值研究

与一般公铁桥梁不同,磁悬浮轨道梁的温度场会受到周围磁场与功能件升温的影响。由于我国规范暂未对磁浮轨道梁均匀温度和温差分量的极值作出明确规定,研究具有概率保证的温度分量代表值具有重要意义。根据长沙磁浮运营线某混凝土箱梁1年多的现场温度监测数据,分析梁体均匀温度与竖向等效线性温差的时变特征。研究分别采用单变量线性回归法(ULR法)和梯度提升回归树法(GBRT法)建立基于气象因素的结构温度分量预测模型,对比发现GBRT法不仅能提高均匀温度的预测精度,还能克服ULR法无法预测竖向等效线性温差的局限性。而后将1960—2019年的长期气象数据输入到建立好的GBRT预测模型中,得到磁浮箱梁各温度分量60年的长期预测值,经整理后得到均匀温度和竖向等效线性温差的日极值、年极值样本。结合最大熵极值模型和Fourier函数得到各温度分量的日极值时变曲线,对年极值样本建立最大熵模型并确定百年重现期下的温度分量代表值。研究结果表明:磁浮箱梁均匀温度呈现以年为周期的季节性变化,竖向等效线性温差受太阳辐射影响,呈夏季高、冬季低的特点;百年重现期下磁浮箱梁均匀温度和竖向等效线性温差的代表值分别为44.4℃、8.6℃。该方法结合GBRT算法和最大熵极值模型,解决了极值分析中年极值样本不足的问题,结果可为磁浮轨道梁的温度变形设计提供参考。

跨域飞行器惯导装置设计及抗冲击测量方法

跨域飞行器由于工作环境复杂多变,在飞行过程中运动参数受瞬态冲击影响较大,导致导航精度降低且难以稳定控制。针对瞬态冲击导致跨域飞行器难以获取准确运动参数的问题,本文研制了一种基于大小量程加速度计组合的惯性导航装置,并提出了一种大小量程加速度计切换策略,利用巴特沃斯滤波器对采集的数据进行滤波处理,通过预设阈值的累计和控制图算法和自主可变滑动窗口实现对冲击点的检测,并采用分段式线性插值方法保证了数据的同步性,最后通过模拟仿真和跌落台试验对本文所提出的切换策略进行试验验证,试验结果表明,分段式线性插值方法的估计误差不超过0.6 g,并在小量程加速计测量值饱和后,切换至大量程加速计的测量值,满足了实时切换的要求,进一步证明该惯性导航装置及大小量程切换策略可应用于飞行器进行跨域试验。