Influence of Tilted Angle on Effective Linear Energy Transfer in Single Event Effect Tests for Integrated Circuits at 130 nm Technology Node

A heavy-ion irradiation experiment is studied in digital storage cells with different design approaches in 130？nm CMOS bulk Si and silicon-on-insulator （SOI） technologies. The effectiveness of linear energy transfer （LET） with a tilted ion beam at the 130？nm technology node is obtained. Tests of tilted angles θ=0 ° , 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to the normal direction are performed under heavy-ion Kr with certain power whose LET is about 40？MeVcm 2 /mg at normal incidence. Error numbers in D flip-flop chains are used to determine their upset sensitivity at different incidence angles. It is indicated that the effective LETs for SOI and bulk Si are not exactly in inverse proportion to cosθ , furthermore the effective LET for SOI is more closely in inverse proportion to cosθ compared to bulk Si, which are also the well known behavior. It is interesting that, if we design the sample in the dual interlocked storage cell approach, the effective LET in bulk Si will look like inversely proportional to cosθ very well, which is also specifically explained.

Dense Shaped Refractory Products——Test Method of Linear Changes on Reheating

This Standard specifies methods for the determination of the linear changes on reheating of a dense shaped refractory product.

Climate change characteristics of Amur River

Unusually severe weather is occurring more frequently due to global climate change. Heat waves, rainstorms, snowstorms, and droughts are becoming increasingly common all over the world, threatening human lives and property. Both temperature and precipitation are representative variables usually used to directly reflect and forecast the influences of climate change. In this study, daily data （from 1953 to 1995） and monthly data （from 1950 to 2010） of temperature and precipitation in five regions of the Amur River were examined. The significance of changes in temperature and precipitation was tested using the Mann-Kendall test method. The amplitudes were computed using the linear least-squares regression model, and the extreme temperature and precipitation were analyzed using hydrological statistical methods. The results show the following： the mean annual temperature increased significantly from 1950 to 2010 in the five regions, mainly due to the warming in spring and winter; the annual precipitation changed significantly from 1950 to 2010 only in the lower mainstream of the Amur River; the frequency of extremely low temperature events decreased from 1953 to 1995 in the mainstream of the Amur River; the frequency of high temperature events increased from 1953 to 1995 in the mainstream of the Amur River; and the frequency of extreme precipitation events did not change significantly from 1953 to 1995 in the mainstream of the Amur River. This study provides a valuable theoretical basis for settling disputes between China and Russia on sustainable development and utilization of water resources of the Amur River.

DIMENSION-REDUCTION TYPE TESTFOR LINEARITY OF ASTOCHASTIC REGRESSION MODEL

This article investigates the test for linearity of a multivariate stochastic regression model.The use of nonparametric regression procedures for developing regression diagnostics has beenthe subject of several recent research efforts. However, when the dimension of the regressor islarge, some traditional nonparametric methods, such as kernel estimation, may be inefficient.We in this article suggest two test statistics based on projection pursuit technique and kernelmethod. The tests proposed are consistent against all fixed smooth alternatives to linearityand are asymptotically distribution-free for the distribution of the error. Furthermore, the testsare applied to an example of real-life data and some simulated data sets to demonstrate theavailability of the tests proposed.

Evaluation on cutting performance of novel PDC cutter for pipe jacking machine

It is inevitable to cut reinforced concrete(RC)appeared in cross passage of city metro by cutting tools when constructing in densely populated area.The previous cutters employed to cut RC are insufficient and easily damaged,so a new polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC)cutter is used to solve this question.Based on the theoretical analysis of cutting mechanism,both circular and tapered PDC cutters with cutting edge angle of 90and negative front rack angle of 10are used to cut RC.The peeling and breaking patterns of cutting concrete are proposed,the nodular and grainy chips are the preferred modes in cutting steel bars.The LS-DYNA is employed to investigate the cutting performance in advance.The simulation results show that the average and peak cutting forces increase with the growth of penetration depth,cutting speed,and roundness,and subsequently the recommended penetration depth less than 1.2 mm is obtained to cut RC due to the existence of steel bars.Moreover,the linear cutting platform is adopted to investigate the force ability and damage state of PDC cutters.It is concluded that the cutting force increases abruptly and fluctuates heavily when cutting the coarse aggregates.The patterns occurred in both numerical and experimental results are generally similar.Notably,the steel bar is pulled out and the PDC cutter is damaged at the penetration depth of 0.8 mm,while a good cut occurs at the penetration depth of 0.3 mm.The tapered PDC cutter with a relatively low cutting force is prone to be broken compared with circular PDC cutter.It is suggested that the circular PDC cutter at the penetration depth of 0.3 mm should be used to cut RC in practical engineering.