给出了10 kV配电网基于模块化多电平变换器技术的统一电能质量控制器(modular multilevel converter based unified power quality conditioner,MMC-UPQC)装置提高实用性的五种方法。第一种方法采用变比可变的变压器代替传统MMC-UPQC的...给出了10 kV配电网基于模块化多电平变换器技术的统一电能质量控制器(modular multilevel converter based unified power quality conditioner,MMC-UPQC)装置提高实用性的五种方法。第一种方法采用变比可变的变压器代替传统MMC-UPQC的串联变压器,提高了MMC-UPQC电压暂降补偿深度;第二种方法采用双串联变换器串联代替传统MMC-UPQC的单串联变换器,减小了公共直流侧电压,降低了阀组柜绝缘要求;第三种方法在电压暂降期间控制并联变换器吸收适量的有功功率,减少了MMC-UPQC子模块直流电容的释放能量,减小了直流电容的容量;第四种方法 MMC-UPQC子模块采用混频控制,根据子模块需治理的电能质量问题设定控制脉冲的频率,减少了子模块内开关器件损耗,降低了散热措施要求;第五种方法在控制策略中引入环流抑制控制,减小了MMC-UPQC变换器内部的环流电流及桥臂电抗器感抗。与传统MMC-UPQC装置相比,采用所提五种方法的MMC-UPQC装置能提高电压暂降补偿能力,减小占地面积和成本。展开更多
In social network analysis, link prediction is a problem of fundamental importance. How to conduct a comprehensive and principled link prediction, by taking various network structure information into consideration,is ...In social network analysis, link prediction is a problem of fundamental importance. How to conduct a comprehensive and principled link prediction, by taking various network structure information into consideration,is of great interest. To this end, we propose here a dynamic logistic regression method. Specifically, we assume that one has observed a time series of network structure. Then the proposed model dynamically predicts future links by studying the network structure in the past. To estimate the model, we find that the standard maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) is computationally forbidden. To solve the problem, we introduce a novel conditional maximum likelihood estimation(CMLE) method, which is computationally feasible for large-scale networks. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method by extensive numerical studies.展开更多
An upswing in haze weather during autumn and winter has been observed over North and Northeast China in re- cent years, imposing adverse impacts upon local socioeconomic development and human health. However, such an ...An upswing in haze weather during autumn and winter has been observed over North and Northeast China in re- cent years, imposing adverse impacts upon local socioeconomic development and human health. However, such an increase in the occurrence of haze events and its association with natural climate variability and climate change are not well understood. To investigate the climatology of the meteorological factors associated with haze events and their natural variability, this study uses a meteorological pollution index called PLAM （Parameter Linking Air-qual- ity to Meteorological conditions） and ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The results suggest that high PLAM values tend to occur over southern parts of northem China, implying the weather conditions over this area are favorable for the occurrence of haze weather. For the period 1979-2014, the regional mean PLAM shows an overall increase across Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province, and parts of Shanxi Province. Also, a periodicity of 28-34 months is found in the temporal variation of PLAM, which implies a potential association of PLAM with the stratospheric Quasi-Bian- nual Oscillation （QBO）. By using the QBO index during the autumn and winter seasons in the preceding year, an in- crease in PLAM is found for the westerly phases of the QBO, relative to the easterly phases. An upper-tropospheric warming is also found in the westerly phases, which can induce a stable stratification that favors the increase in PLAM across the midlatitudes. The modulations of large-scale environmental factors, including moist static stability, vertical velocity, and temperattu＇e advection, also act to enhance PLAM in the westerly phases. However, the baro- clinic term of moist potential vorticity at 700 hPa tends to decrease over the south, and an increase in low-level as- cent is found over the north. These factors can reduce PLAM and possibly limit the statistical significance of the in- creased PLAM in the westerly phases of the QBO.展开更多
文摘给出了10 kV配电网基于模块化多电平变换器技术的统一电能质量控制器(modular multilevel converter based unified power quality conditioner,MMC-UPQC)装置提高实用性的五种方法。第一种方法采用变比可变的变压器代替传统MMC-UPQC的串联变压器,提高了MMC-UPQC电压暂降补偿深度;第二种方法采用双串联变换器串联代替传统MMC-UPQC的单串联变换器,减小了公共直流侧电压,降低了阀组柜绝缘要求;第三种方法在电压暂降期间控制并联变换器吸收适量的有功功率,减少了MMC-UPQC子模块直流电容的释放能量,减小了直流电容的容量;第四种方法 MMC-UPQC子模块采用混频控制,根据子模块需治理的电能质量问题设定控制脉冲的频率,减少了子模块内开关器件损耗,降低了散热措施要求;第五种方法在控制策略中引入环流抑制控制,减小了MMC-UPQC变换器内部的环流电流及桥臂电抗器感抗。与传统MMC-UPQC装置相比,采用所提五种方法的MMC-UPQC装置能提高电压暂降补偿能力,减小占地面积和成本。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11131002, 11271031, 71532001, 11525101, 71271210 and 714711730)the Business Intelligence Research Center at Peking University+5 种基金the Center for Statistical Science at Peking Universitythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Research Funds of Renmin University of China (Grant No. 16XNLF01)Ministry of Education Humanities Social Science Key Research Institute in University Foundation (Grant No. 14JJD910002)the Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of ChinallChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2016M600155)
文摘In social network analysis, link prediction is a problem of fundamental importance. How to conduct a comprehensive and principled link prediction, by taking various network structure information into consideration,is of great interest. To this end, we propose here a dynamic logistic regression method. Specifically, we assume that one has observed a time series of network structure. Then the proposed model dynamically predicts future links by studying the network structure in the past. To estimate the model, we find that the standard maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) is computationally forbidden. To solve the problem, we introduce a novel conditional maximum likelihood estimation(CMLE) method, which is computationally feasible for large-scale networks. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method by extensive numerical studies.
文摘An upswing in haze weather during autumn and winter has been observed over North and Northeast China in re- cent years, imposing adverse impacts upon local socioeconomic development and human health. However, such an increase in the occurrence of haze events and its association with natural climate variability and climate change are not well understood. To investigate the climatology of the meteorological factors associated with haze events and their natural variability, this study uses a meteorological pollution index called PLAM （Parameter Linking Air-qual- ity to Meteorological conditions） and ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The results suggest that high PLAM values tend to occur over southern parts of northem China, implying the weather conditions over this area are favorable for the occurrence of haze weather. For the period 1979-2014, the regional mean PLAM shows an overall increase across Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province, and parts of Shanxi Province. Also, a periodicity of 28-34 months is found in the temporal variation of PLAM, which implies a potential association of PLAM with the stratospheric Quasi-Bian- nual Oscillation （QBO）. By using the QBO index during the autumn and winter seasons in the preceding year, an in- crease in PLAM is found for the westerly phases of the QBO, relative to the easterly phases. An upper-tropospheric warming is also found in the westerly phases, which can induce a stable stratification that favors the increase in PLAM across the midlatitudes. The modulations of large-scale environmental factors, including moist static stability, vertical velocity, and temperattu＇e advection, also act to enhance PLAM in the westerly phases. However, the baro- clinic term of moist potential vorticity at 700 hPa tends to decrease over the south, and an increase in low-level as- cent is found over the north. These factors can reduce PLAM and possibly limit the statistical significance of the in- creased PLAM in the westerly phases of the QBO.
