In this article, using the likelihood score theory extended to nuisance parameters we derive a new homogeneity score test for comparing linkage disequilibrium across several strata. Power and sample size formulae are...In this article, using the likelihood score theory extended to nuisance parameters we derive a new homogeneity score test for comparing linkage disequilibrium across several strata. Power and sample size formulae are also obtained.展开更多
This paper proposes a class of linear models with inequable variance, based on background in genetic linkage analysis, and considers the optimal design problem for the hypothesis test of the parameters in such models....This paper proposes a class of linear models with inequable variance, based on background in genetic linkage analysis, and considers the optimal design problem for the hypothesis test of the parameters in such models. To assess a design for the test, a frame of decision theory is established. Under this frame, an admissible minimax design is obtained. It is shown to be not only admissible and minimax in genetic linkage analysis, but best among a reasonable subclass of designs. The power of the test in genetic linkage analysis is substantially improved by using this optimal design.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem, with an estimated 296 million people chronically infectedand 820 000 deaths worldwide in 2019. Diagnosis of HBV infection requires serological testin...Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem, with an estimated 296 million people chronically infectedand 820 000 deaths worldwide in 2019. Diagnosis of HBV infection requires serological testing for HBsAg and for acute infectionadditional testing for IgM hepatitis B core antibody (IgM anti-HBc, for the window period when neither HBsAg nor anti-HBs isdetected). Assessment of HBV replication status to guide treatment decisions involves testing for HBV DNA, whereas assessmentof liver disease activity and staging is mainly based on aminotransferases, platelet count, and elastography. Universal infantimmunisation, including birth dose vaccination is the most effective means to prevent chronic HBV infection. Two vaccines withimproved immunogenicity have recently been approved for adults in the USA and EU, with availability expected to expand.Current therapies, pegylated interferon, and nucleos(t)ide analogues can prevent development of cirrhosis and hepatocellularcarcinoma, but do not eradicate the virus and rarely clear HBsAg. Treatment is recommended for patients with cirrhosis or withhigh HBV DNA levels and active or advanced liver disease. New antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies aiming to achievefunctional cure (ie, clearance of HBsAg) are in clinical development. Improved vaccination coverage, increased screening,diagnosis and linkage to care, development of curative therapies, and removal of stigma are important in achieving WHO's goalof eliminating HBV infection by 2030.展开更多
基金The NNSF （10371015, 10329102） of China, and the Science Foundation （20060101） for Young Teachers of Northeast Normal University.
文摘In this article, using the likelihood score theory extended to nuisance parameters we derive a new homogeneity score test for comparing linkage disequilibrium across several strata. Power and sample size formulae are also obtained.
基金This research was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.19941003) America Cancer Institute(Grant No.CA 64363).
文摘This paper proposes a class of linear models with inequable variance, based on background in genetic linkage analysis, and considers the optimal design problem for the hypothesis test of the parameters in such models. To assess a design for the test, a frame of decision theory is established. Under this frame, an admissible minimax design is obtained. It is shown to be not only admissible and minimax in genetic linkage analysis, but best among a reasonable subclass of designs. The power of the test in genetic linkage analysis is substantially improved by using this optimal design.
文摘Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem, with an estimated 296 million people chronically infectedand 820 000 deaths worldwide in 2019. Diagnosis of HBV infection requires serological testing for HBsAg and for acute infectionadditional testing for IgM hepatitis B core antibody (IgM anti-HBc, for the window period when neither HBsAg nor anti-HBs isdetected). Assessment of HBV replication status to guide treatment decisions involves testing for HBV DNA, whereas assessmentof liver disease activity and staging is mainly based on aminotransferases, platelet count, and elastography. Universal infantimmunisation, including birth dose vaccination is the most effective means to prevent chronic HBV infection. Two vaccines withimproved immunogenicity have recently been approved for adults in the USA and EU, with availability expected to expand.Current therapies, pegylated interferon, and nucleos(t)ide analogues can prevent development of cirrhosis and hepatocellularcarcinoma, but do not eradicate the virus and rarely clear HBsAg. Treatment is recommended for patients with cirrhosis or withhigh HBV DNA levels and active or advanced liver disease. New antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies aiming to achievefunctional cure (ie, clearance of HBsAg) are in clinical development. Improved vaccination coverage, increased screening,diagnosis and linkage to care, development of curative therapies, and removal of stigma are important in achieving WHO's goalof eliminating HBV infection by 2030.
