Effect of Egyptian Date Palm Pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and Its Hydroethanolic Extracts on Serum Glucose and Lipid Profiles in Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes is a major health global problem that has reached alarming levels. The present study aims for studying the effect of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) El-Hayani cultivar on serum glucose and lipids profile in induced diabetic male albino rats. Palm pollen chemically analyzed besides chemical constituents, mineral contents, polyphenols and flavonoids. Male Albino rats (36 rats weight 170-190 gm) were divided into 6 groups. 1: Normal control (-), 2: Alloxanized diabetes control (+) (150 mg/Kg rat body weight). Diabetic groups 3 and 4 had 0.5%, 1.0% date palm pollen, respectively, also diabetic groups 5 and 6 had 100 ppm, 200 ppm date palm pollen extract, respectively. At the end of the experiment (4 weeks) rats were fasted overnight and anesthetized and blood samples were taken for analysis of serum glucose, lipids profile and renal-hepatic function parameters, relative organ weight data obtained are statistically analysis. Results showed that the major polyphenolic components were that e-vanillic acid (16.33 mg/100 g), pyrogallol (15.02 mg/100 g), epicatechin (11.04 mg/100 g), catechin (10.96 mg/100 g). While, date palm pollen was rich in hesperidin (8.84 mg/100 g), Kaempferol 3,2 p-coumaroyl glucose (6.92 mg/100 g), hesperitin (5.10 mg/100 g), rutin (3.11mg/100 g) as flavonoids components. Date palm pollen has high content of protein, calcium and iron (30.87 g/100 g, 510.82 and 236.50 mg/100 g), respectively. Also, serum glucose decreased significantly in diabetic groups (3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively) (179.47, 137.80, 156.77, 145.47 mg/100 mL, respectively). Lipids profile, renal and liver functions were improved significantly (P < 0.05) in diabetic groups which had date palm pollen or its extracts. It is concluded that the dried date palm pollen 1% in the diet and 200 ppm extract are more effective compared with controlling diabetes mellitus, also improve renal and liver functions. Diabetics are advised to eat date palm pollen and are considered treatment foods for Diabetes Mellitus.

Sex Hormones Affect Aging Process by Influencing Lipid Profiles, Cellular Immunological Function and Lipid Peroxides and Oxidation System

Objectives To investigate the correlation between sex hormones(SH) and aging. Methods Through epidemiological investigation in our country, the levels of SH were measured by radioimmunoassy; lipid profile, glucose and apolipoprotein by automatic biochemic analytical instrument; T cell subsets by flow cytometer; and MDA, SOD were evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test and the nitrite method modified by Oyanagui respectively using spectrophotometry. Results In men, the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH)、luteinizing hormone(LH) increased significantly with aging, but serum prolactin(PRL) and progesterone(P) levels remained unchanged in all life; Both testosterone (T) and free testosterone (FT) all decreased greatly with aging, but 17β - estradiol( 17β - E_2) was reverse ; E_2 was negatively correlated with T and E_2/T increased with aging. The level of serum total cholesterol (TC) increased with aging, but triglycerides (TG) remain unchanged; compared with young group, high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL - C) ; HDL - C/TC of other groups decreased significantly, but low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL - C ) changed inversely; HDL- C/LDL- C reduced slightly with aging and showed no difference between groups. Apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and apoB all enhanced greatly with aging; meanwhile the ratio of apoA1/apoB decreased. The concentration of serum glucose (GLU) was unchanged in all life. To compare with those in the young group, CD3 + , CD4 + in other groups reduced greatly, CD4 + remained unchanged. Meanwhile, CD8 + increased significantly with aging. Compared with the young group, serum malondialdehyde(MDA) value of the old ones increased obviously, but the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was reverse. By partial correlation analysis (controlling BMI, FSH, LH and PRL), TC、 LDL-C、apoA1、apoB、CD8 + 、MDA of men all presented a positive correlation with E_2/T respectively, their correlation coefficients (γ) were 0. 262、0. 136、 0. 532、0. 379、0. 394、0. 234 (P < 0. 001 ) ; HDL - C、 HDL- C/TC、HDL- C/LDL- C、CD3 + 、CD4 +/CD8 + 、SOD showed a negatively correlation with E_2/T respectively, γequaled - 0.563、- 0.332、- 0.654、- 0.1530、-0.4140、-0.236(P<0.001). In women, the serum concentrations of FSH、LH increased significantly after menopause; PRL increased little with aging; compared with young group, E_2 and P in postmenopausal groups reduced obviously, E_2/P revealed significant reduce with aging. T enhanced significantly after menopause, but nor did FT. E_2, P and the ratio of E_2/P were negatively correlated with age respectively by bivariate correlation analysis, and a positive relation between T and age. After 70 years old, the level of TC increased obviously, and so did that of TG after menopause; HDL decreased with aging, but LDL increased after 70, with the result that the ratios of HDL- C/TC and HDL- C/LDL- C all reduced with aging; apoA1 decreased gently after 70, but apoB increased signifi- cantly after menopause; correspondingly, the ratio of apoA1/apoB declined obviously. The concentration of GLU increased with aging. CD3 + and CD4 + didn't change until 60, but reduced after 60. Compared with the young groups, CD8 + remained unchanged, CD4 +/CD8 + reduced greatly with aging, CD4 + and CD8 + presented a negatively correlation with age respectively. The value of MDA in serum of women increased notably after 70 years old, but SOD activity already decreased significantly from 60. By partial correlation analysis (controlling BMI, FSH, LH and PRL), HDL-C、CD4 +、CD4 +/CD8 + showed a certain correlation with E_2/P respectively; γ were 0. 245、 0.157、0. 154 ( P <0.05 ) ; TG、 LDL、 apoB、 apoA1/ apoB、SOD presented a negatively correlation with E_2/P respectively, γ were 0. 452、 0. 236、 0.321、 0. 135、 0.156、0.154、0.426 ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions The Disequilibrium of SH had correlations with lipid profile, cellular immunological function and lipid peroxides and oxidation system; these suggested SH took an important role in the process of aging.

Serum monoterpene levels, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, and metabolic syndrome in adults: NHANES, 2013–2014

Monoterpenes are organic compounds which have been studied for their medicinal benefits.However,the association between monoterpene exposure and metabolic parameters in humans is unknown.We investigated the connection between three specific monoterpenes(α-pinene,β-pinene,and limonene),glucose homeostasis biomarkers,lipid profiles,and metabolic syndrome(MS)in 1627 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2013–2014.We found serum levels ofα-pinene andβ-pinene were positively associated with fasting glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and apolipoprotein B.In addition,increased levels of limonene andΣmonoterpene(sum of three monoterpene chemicals)were linked to higher insulin,β-cell function,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),triglycerides,and apolipoprotein B.Participants with all three monoterpenes above the 50th percentile had notably higher values for total cholesterol and triglycerides compared to those with all three monoterpenes below the 50th percentile(P for trend<0.001).Regarding MS,higher serum concentrations ofα-pinene were linked to an increased risk of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)insufficiency and hypertriglyceridemia.Elevated concentrations ofβ-pinene were associated with a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia.Moreover,increased levels of limonene andΣmonoterpene were connected to a higher risk of MS,larger waist circumference,low HDL-C,hypertriglyceridemia,and higher blood pressure according to MS criteria.In conclusion,serum monoterpenes levels were linked to glucose regulation,lipid profiles,and indicators of MS.Further studies are necessary to clarify the potential causal relationships.

The Effect of Blood Lipid Profiles on Chronic Kidney Disease in a Prospective Cohort:Based on a Regression Discontinuity Design

Objective Previous studies on the association between lipid profiles and chronic kidney disease(CKD)have yielded inconsistent results and no defined thresholds for blood lipids.Methods A prospective cohort study including 32,351 subjects who completed baseline and follow-up surveys over 5 years was conducted.Restricted cubic splines and Cox models were used to examine the association between the lipid profiles and CKD.A regression discontinuity design was used to determine the cutoff value of lipid profiles that was significantly associated with increased the risk of CKD.Results Over a median follow-up time of 2.2(0.5,4.2)years,648(2.00%)subjects developed CKD.The lipid profiles that were significantly and linearly related to CKD included total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),TC/HDL-C,and TG/HDL-C,whereas lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and LDL-C/HDL-C were nonlinearly correlated with CKD.TC,TG,TC/HDL-C,and TG/HDL-C showed an upward jump at the cutoff value,increasing the risk of CKD by 0.90%,1.50%,2.30%,and 1.60%,respectively,whereas HDL-C showed a downward jump at the cutoff value,reducing this risk by 1.0%.Female and participants with dyslipidemia had a higher risk of CKD,while the cutoff values for the different characteristics of the population were different.Conclusion There was a significant association between lipid profiles and CKD in a prospective cohort from Northwest China,while TG,TC/HDL-C,and TG/HDL-C showed a stronger risk association.The specific cutoff values of lipid profiles may provide a clinical reference for screening or diagnosing CKD risk.

Effects of high‑grain diet feeding on fatty acid profiles in milk,blood,muscle,and adipose tissue,and transcriptional expression of lipid‑related genes in muscle and adipose tissue of dairy cows

Background High-grain(HG)diets affect lipid metabolism in the liver and mammary tissue of dairy cows,but its effects on muscle and adipose tissue have not been wide evaluated.Thus,the aim of this study is to clarify this issue.Methods Twelve Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups:conventional diet group(CON,n=6)and the HG diet group(n=6).On day 7 of week 4,rumen fluid was sampled to measure pH,milk was sampled to meas-ure components,and blood was sampled to measure biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition.After the experiment,cows were slaughtered to collect muscle and adipose tissue for fatty acid composition and transcriptome analysis.Results HG feeding decreased the ruminal pH,milk’s fat content and long-chain fatty acid proportion(P<0.05)and increased the proportion of short-and medium-chain fatty acids in the milk(P<0.05)as compared with CON diets.The concentrations of blood cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the HG cows were lower than those in CON cows(P<0.05).In muscle tissue,HG feeding tended to increase the triacylglycerol(TG)concentration(P<0.10).Transcriptome analysis revealed changes in the biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acids pathway,the regulation of lipolysis in the adipocytes pathway,and the PPAR signalling pathway.In adipose tissue,HG feeding increased the concentration of TG and decreased the concentration of C18:1 cis9(P<0.05).At the transcrip-tome level,the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway,linoleic acid metabolism pathway,and PPAR signalling pathway were activated.Conclusion HG feeding leads to subacute rumen acidosis and a decreased milk fat content.The fatty acid profiles in the milk and plasma of dairy cows were changed by HG feeding.In muscle and adipose tissue,HG feeding increased TG concentration and up-regulated the expression of genes related to adipogenesis,while down-regulated the expression of genes related to lipid transport.These results complement our knowledge of the fatty acid composi-tion of muscle and adipose tissue in dairy cows and expand our understanding of the mechanisms by which HG diets affect lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissue.

Relationship between longitudinal changes in lipid composition and ischemic stroke among hypertensive patients

BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia was strongly linked to stroke,however the relationship between dyslipidemia and its components and ischemic stroke remained unexplained.AIM To investigate the link between longitudinal changes in lipid profiles and dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke in a hypertensive population.METHODS Between 2013 and 2014,6094 hypertension individuals were included in this,and ischemic stroke cases were documented to the end of 2018.Longitudinal changes of lipid were stratified into four groups:(1)Normal was transformed into normal group;(2)Abnormal was transformed into normal group;(3)Normal was transformed into abnormal group;and(4)Abnormal was transformed into abnormal group.To examine the link between longitudinal changes in dyslipidemia along with its components and the risk of ischemic stroke,we utilized multivariate Cox proportional hazards models with hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CI.RESULTS The average age of the participants was 62.32 years±13.00 years,with 329 women making up 54.0%of the sample.Over the course of a mean follow-up of 4.8 years,143 ischemic strokes happened.When normal was transformed into normal group was used as a reference,after full adjustments,the HR for dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke among abnormal was transformed into normal group,normal was transformed into abnormal group and abnormal was transformed into abnormal Wei CC et al.Dyslipidemia changed and ischemic stroke WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 2 February 6,2025 Volume 13 Issue 4 group were 1.089(95%CI:0.598-1.982;P=0.779),2.369(95%CI:1.424-3.941;P<0.001)and 1.448(95%CI:1.002-2.298;P=0.047)(P for trend was 0.233),respectively.CONCLUSION In individuals with hypertension,longitudinal shifts from normal to abnormal in dyslipidemia-particularly in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-were significantly associated with the risk of ischemic stroke.

Effect of dates on blood glucose and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes

Poor fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the 10 major risk factors for mortality.There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes.This manuscript assessed the effects of date consumption on fasting and postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoproteins,high-density lipoproteins,and microbial markers.Four literature databases were searched for relevant articles.Of the 595 studies retrieved,24 assessed the effects of dates on glycemic control and lipids.Overall,the evidence suggests that dates have a lowering effect on blood glucose.Dates reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein levels.Dates also promote the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota.Therefore,patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia can consume dates to reduce their blood glucose,cholesterol,and triglycerides.

Assessment of post-myocardial infarction lipid levels and management:Results from a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan

BACKGROUND Lipid treatment practices and levels in post-acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients,which are crucial for secondary prevention.AIM To evaluate the lipid treatment practices and lipid levels in post-myocardial infarction(MI)patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.METHODS In this cross-sectional study,we analyzed patients who had experienced their first AMI event in the past 3 years.We assessed fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles,reviewed statin therapy prescriptions,and examined patient compliance.The recommended dose was defined as rosuvastatin≥20 mg or atorvastatin≥40 mg,with target total cholesterol levels set at<160 mg/dL and target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)at<55 mg/dL.RESULTS Among 195 patients,71.3%were male,and the mean age was 57.1±10.2 years.The median duration since AMI was 36(interquartile range:10-48)months and 60% were diagnosed with ST-segment elevation MI.Only 13.8% of patients were advised to undergo lipid profile testing after AMI,88.7% of patients were on the recommended statin therapy,and 91.8% of patients were compliant with statin therapy.Only 11.5% had LDL-C within the target range and 71.7% had total cholesterol within the target range.Hospital admission in the past 12 months was reported by 14.4%,and the readmission rate was significantly higher among non-compliant patients(37.5%vs 5.6%).Subsequent AMI event rate was also significantly higher among non-compliant patients(43.8%vs 11.7%).CONCLUSION Our study highlights that while most post-AMI patients received the recommended minimum statin therapy dose,the inadequate practice of lipid assessment may compromise therapy optimization and raise the risk of subsequent events.

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Patients Received at the Biochemistry Unit of the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital in Ouagadougou

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease represents a major public health burden worldwide. Research and management of risk factors contribute to the prevention of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the biochemistry unit of the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG) in Ouagadougou. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Patients of all ages who performed a lipid panel in the CHUP-CDG biochemistry unit during the study period have been included. Results: A total of 2872 patients have been included. The mean age of the study population was 27.72 ± 19.51 years and the M/F sex ratio was 0.81. Among the patients, 22.84% had at least one dyslipidemia. The prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia were 11.57%, 49.19% and 57.50% respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were present in 9.04% and 2.08% of patients. Hypercholesterolemia was significantly more frequent in the female sex (p = 0.0077);hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (p = 0.0255) and mixed hyperlipidemia (p Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study indicates a worrying situation. It would therefore appear essential to extend the search for risk factors nationwide, particularly those that can be modified, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to cardiovascular disease.

Improving a Patient’s CVD Risk Assessment—Updating the Interpretation of the Lipid Profile

The lipid profile remains an important laboratory assessment to prevent cardiovascular disease. Interpretation of the non-fasting lipid profile has significantly changed based on new information concerning the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In particular, the assessment of risk from cholesterol containing particles following triglyceride metabolism (termed remnant cholesterol) can now be done from a lipid profile. In addition, non-HDL cholesterol as calculated from the lipid profile will provide a complete assessment of total circulating cholesterol containing particles. Furthermore, the formula for measurement of LDL cholesterol from a lipid profile has now been revised so that triglyceride levels exert less interference. Finally, the old concept that the “higher the HDL-c, the better” is no longer tenable. New data indicate that the optimal high density lipoprotein level is below 100 mg/dl for both male and female patients. Correct interpretation of the lipid profile will optimize anti-atherosclerotic therapy and reduce the number one cause of death in the United States.

Lipid Profile of Patients Seen in Consultation at the Cardiology Department at the Ignace DEEN National Hospital (City of Conakry, Republic of Guinea)

The study addressed a crucial public health concern of dyslipidemia and its management, with a focus on the Ignace DEEN National Hospital patients, filling a research gap in the Republic of Guinea. It contributed valuable epidemiological data on dyslipidemia in the studied population, emphasizing gender, age, and socio-professional categories, which could inform tailored prevention and management strategies in improving the health care of dyslipidemia patients by proposing diets to help these patients better manage their disease and a food system for preventing dyslipidemia. The study focused on the lipid profile of patients seen at the cardiology department at the Ignace DEEN National Hospital Republic of Guinea (Conakry). This was a prospective, descriptive study lasting six (6) months from January 24 to July 23, 2021;aimed at determining the frequency of lipid abnormalities and pathologies related to the lipid profile. A total of 523 people were included in this study with a female predominance of 59.34% compared to 40.66% of males for a ratio of 1.5 in favor of women. The age groups of 45 - 54 and 55 - 65 were the most affected with respective frequencies of 45.42% and 30.03%. The most represented socio-professional category was that of housewives, i.e. 45.78%, followed by traders 18.68%. Our series was dominated by the married couple, i.e. 77.29%. Dyslipidemia constitutes a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in patients seen in the cardiology department at the Ignace DEEN Hospital;its control must be strict through the use of hygienic and dietary rules and hypolipidemia medications.

Smoking and Serum Lipid Profiles in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is associated with a high preva- lence of cigarette-smoking and abnormal lipid profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the profiles differ between schizophrenic smokers and non-smokers and whether the lipid profiles are related to psychopathological symptoms. Serum lipid profiles were measured in 130 male inpatients with DSM-IV-defined schizophrenia： 104 smokers and 26 non-smokers. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）. Our results showed that positive PANSS symp- toms were fewer in smokers than in non-smokers, while the negative symptoms were fewer in those who smoked more cigarettes. Total protein and globulin levels were significantly lower in the smokers than in the non-smokers. However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein choles terol （HDL-c）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, or apolipoprotein B between the smokers and non-smokers. However, the PANSS positive subscale had a significant negative correlation with the HDL-c levels （a protective factor） in the smokers but not in the non-smokers. Our findings suggest that schizophrenic patients who smoke have fewer psychotic symptoms, but contrary to expectation, smoking does not alter lipid profile levels.

Blood lipid profiles following nonfocused ultrasonic treatment for noninvasive body contouring

Aim:Blood lipid profiles changed following nonfocused ultrasound treatments for body contouring.The present study elucidates clinical effects of these devices on adipose tissue.Methods:Ultrasound treatments for 5 males and 5 females in a supine position,ages 37-67 years,were applied at 20 KHz and 3.0 W/cm2 in modulated emission.Whole abdomen was treated by an ultrasound handpiece for 30 min followed by a 6-min lymphatic drainage.Waist circumferences at the level of the umbilicus and body weight were measured before and immediately after treatment.Blood lipid profiles including total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,high-density lipoprotein,triglyceride(TG),nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA)and lipoprotein-a were measured at baseline,every 10 min during treatment,and 15,30,45,60,75,and 90 min after treatment completion.Results:NEFA showed statistically higher values after 10 min following treatment initiation.Subsequent values remained high despite some fluctuation,reaching a maximum at 90 min.In contrast,TG gradually decreased in concentration until the last measurement,especially for the first 30 min,with statistically significant reduction.Changes in other lipid profiles and lipoprotein-a were not significant.Conclusion:Changes in NEFA concentration were significant following ultrasound treatment,and suggest that metabolism of TGs stored within the adipocytes occurred immediately after treatment initiation.

Relationships among body weight,lipids and bone mass in elderly individuals with fractures:A case-control study

BACKGROUND The prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass is steadily rising each year.Low body weight is commonly linked to diminished bone mass and serves as a robust predictor of osteoporosis.Nonetheless,the connection between body mass index(BMI),bone mineral density,and lipid profiles among the elderly remains elusive.AIM To examine the association between BMI and bone mass,explore the correlation between lipid profiles and bone mass,and delve into the interplay between lipid metabolism and bone health.METHODS The study included 520 patients aged≥65 years(178 men and 342 women).Age,sex,weight,and height were recorded.Femoral neck bone mineral density and T scores were determined using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner.Blood calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),albumin(ALB),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein(HDL)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)levels were measured.Patients were classified by sex(male and female),age(65-79 years and≥80 years),and T score(normal bone mineral density,osteopenia and osteoporosis).RESULTS Age,sex,BMI,and ALP and TG levels were independent risk factors for osteoporosis.For the 65-79-and≥80-yearold groups,females presented lower T scores than males.Ca,P,ALB,ALP,TC,HDL and LDL levels were significantly different between men and women in the 65-79-year-old group.In addition,BMI and TG levels were significantly decreased in osteoporotic patients compared with patients with normal bone mass.TC levels declined in 65-to 79-year-old male and female osteoporosis patients.In the group of women aged≥80 years,osteoporotic patients showed significantly increased ALP levels.Furthermore,we found positive correlations between BMI and TG levels in the male and female patient groups.However,we found no significant differences in ALB,Ca,P,HDL and LDL levels in osteoporotic patients compared to patients with normal bone mass.CONCLUSION Osteoporotic patients showed significantly decreased BMI and TG levels compared with those with normal bone mass.BMI showed positive correlations with TG levels in male and female patients.These results indicate correlations between BMI and bone mass and between lipid profiles and bone mass.

Correlation between Serum CD36 Level and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Khartoum State, Sudan

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. DM-related dyslipidemia are associated with complications resulting from progressive damage of various organs. CD36 is 88-kD, class B scavenger receptor, expressed on different types of cells. In diabetic patients, LDL particles are glycated with strong level;this increases CD36 expression, initiates foam cell formation and accelerates atherosclerosis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum CD36 level and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Zeenam Specialized center, Khartoum State, Sudan, in a period between 2019 and 2022. Methodology: Hundred participants at different ages were included in this study;70 were type 2 diabetic patients (cases) and 30 apparently healthy individual (control). 3 ml of venous blood were collected from the participants by using a sterile needle and syringe into a labeled plain container. Each sample was stood until complete clot occurs. Clotted blood sample was then centrifuged to obtain the serum. Then they were used for measurement of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and soluble CD36 levels. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using Biosystem chemistry analyzer BTS-302. Serum CD36 was measured using Microplate Reader (URIT-660). Results: The results revealed that serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with control (P = 0.03, P = 0.031, P = 0.000, P = 0.000) respectively, while there is no statistically significant differences in serum CD36 level between cases and control (P = 0.129). Also this study showed that there is no statistically significant correlation between serum CD36 level and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, age and body mass index. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is no statistically significant difference in serum CD36 level between cases and control. And sCD36 level was not correlated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, and age.

ω-3 Rich Tetracarpidum conophorum Oil Exhibits Better Prevention Effects for Cardiovascular Risk Factors than Corn Oil in Adult of Albinos Wistar Male Rats

Cardiovascular diseases are serious pathologies that affect an increasing number of people. Several preventive measures are generally used, including supplementing of oils in foods. Our objective was to compare the effects of Tetracarpidum conophorum oil (TC) and corn oil (CO) on serum lipid profiles of normal male rats. 42 Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups. Diets included TC oil (groups TC5, TC10 and TC20) and corn oil (groups CO5, CO10 and CO20) in proportions of 5%, 10% and 20%, with a control group (T). After 5 weeks of feeding, several parameters were measured during and after the study, including body weight, food intake and organ weights (kidney, liver and fat). Lipid profiles (total cholesterol, TG, HDL and LDL), glucose and protein levels were measured in the serum. The increase in body mass was inversely proportional to the amount of oil in the food. The decrease in body mass and adiposomatic index of group TC10 was significant (p < 0.05) compared with the other groups. The lowest glycaemia (64.17 ± 5.14 mg/dl) was noted with the diet containing 20% TC oil. A significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL fraction and blood triglycerides was observed in the groups supplemented with TC and corn oils compared to controls. Results were also more beneficial for the TC10 group. HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the oil-supplemented groups than in the control group. Castelli’s risk indices decrease significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing oil content for TC. The oils had no impact on blood protein contents. One can conclude that a diet containing 10% crude oil from TC kernels could prevent or alleviate cardiovascular diseases and glycemia.

Effect of resistance training volume on body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females:Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Purpose:This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training(RT) volume on body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females.Methods:A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and SciELO.Randomized controlled trials with postmenopausal and older females that compared RT effects on body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation with a control group(CG) were included.Independent reviewers selected the studies,extracted the data,and performed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)) evaluations.Total body and abdominal adiposity,blood lipids,glucose,and C-reactive protein were included for meta-analysis.A random-effects model,standardized mean difference(Hedges’ g),and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) were used for meta-analysis.Results:Twenty randomized controlled trials(overall risk of bias:some concerns;GRADE:low to very low) with overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females were included.RT groups were divided into low-volume RT(LVRT,~44 sets/week) and high-volume RT(HVRT,~77 sets/week).Both RT groups presented improved body adiposity,metabolic risk,and inflammation when compared to CG.However,HVRT demonstrated higher effect sizes than LVRT for glucose(HVRT=-1.19;95%CI:-1.63 to-0.74;LVRT=-0.78;95%CI:-1.15 to-0.41) and C-reactive protein(HVRT=-1.00;95%CI:-1.32 to-0.67;LVRT=-0.34;95%CI,-0.63 to-0.04)) when compared to CG.Conclusion:Compared to CG,HVRT protocols elicit greater improvements in metabolic risk and inflammation outcomes than LVRT in overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females.

The Effect of Macronutrient Restrictions on Gut Microbiome and Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats

Macronutrients serve as a source of energy for both gut microbiota and its host. An increase or decrease in macronutrients can either increase or decrease the composition of gut microbiota, leading to gut dysbiosis which has been implicated in many diseases state including non-communicable diseases. To achieve this, seven diets were formulated by restricting 60% of each macronutrient. These diets were fed on 42 albino rats (Wistar), divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was fed on a normal laboratory chow diet (ND), group 2 received a fat-restricted diet (FRD), group 3 received a protein-restricted diet, (PFD), group 4 received a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD), group 5 received a protein and fat-restricted diet (PFRD), group 6 re-ceived a carbohydrate and fat-restricted diet (CFRD) and group 7 received a carbohydrate and protein-restricted diet (CPRD). Feed and water intake were given ad libitum and daily weight and food intake were recorded. The experiment went on for 4 weeks after which animals were sacrificed and intestinal content and blood were collected for analysis (gut microbial composition, glucose, insulin levels, serum lipid, and enzyme). Compared to the control group results showed a decrease in Bacteroides (40.50 - 14.00 CFU), HDL (68.20 - 40.40 mg/dl), and AST (66.62 - 64.74 U/L) in FRD. An increase in AST (66.6 - 69.43 U/L), Bifidobacterial (59.50 - 92.00 CFU) and decreased Bacteroides (40.5 - 19.5 CFU) for PRD was also recorded. CRD reduced Lactobacillus (73 - 33.5 CFU), total bacterial count (129 - 48 CFU), HDL (68.2 - 30.8 mg/dl), and cholesterol (121.44 - 88.65 mg/dl) whereas intestinal composition of E. coli (30.5 - 51.5 CFU) increased. PFRD increased Lactobacillus (73.00 - 102.5 CFU), Bifidobacterial (59.5 - 100 CFU), HDL (68.2 - 74.7 mg/dl), and Triglyceride (111.67 - 146.67 mg/dl) concentration. Meanwhile, a reduction in Bifidobacterial (59.5 - 41.5 CFU), and an increasing of AST (66.62 - 70.30 U/l) were recorded for CFRD. However, Bacteroides (40.5 69.5 CFU), LDL (30.95 - 41.98 mg/dl) increased and Bifidobacterial (59.5 - 38.00 CFU) and HDL (68.2 - 53.5 mg/dl) decreased for CPRD. This work, therefore, concludes that macronutrient restriction causes significant changes in serum marker and enzyme profile, and gut microbial composition which can cause gut dysbiosis and later on could expose the host to inflammatory diseases in the long run.

Body mass index and serum lipid profile influence serum prostate-specific antigen in Chinese men younger than 50 years of age

This study is to assess the potential factors that could affect the serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） level in healthy younger men. We evaluated the associations of age, body mass index （BMI） and serum lipid profile with serum PSA level in 6774 Chinese men （aged 20-49 years） who received a routine health examination. Eligible men were classified into 10-year age groups, BMI was categorized as underweight （〈18.5）, normal （18.5-22.9）, overweight （23.0-24.9）, obese （25.0-29,9） and very obese （〉30） according to the redefined World Health Organization （WHO） criteria for the Asia-Pacific region. PSA levels were compared among groups as well, In multiple linear regression analysis, PSA was positively correlated with age （P〈0.0001）. Negative correlations existed between PSA and BMI （P〈0.0001） and triglyceride level （P=0.01）. No relationship could be found between PSA and serum cholesterol （P=0.711） or high-density lipoprotein （HDL; P =0.665）. In addition, we found that serum PSA levels increased with age and decreased with BMI. Our study demonstrates that age, BMI and triglyceride levels influence the PSA level in men 〈50 years of age.

High Physical Activity is Associated with an Improved Lipid Profile and Resting Heart Rate among Healthy Middle-aged Chinese People

Objective To investigate the effects of physical activity （PA） on dyslipidemia and elevated resting heart rate （RHR） in a large-scale cross-sectional study in China. Methods We recruited community-based individuals who were 40-60 years old using a cluster sampling method. The PA levels of the participants were classified as low, moderate, or high, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Dyslipidemia was defined as the detection of abnormalities in lipid indicators, and 4 lipid parameters were evaluated using fasting blood samples. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of PA with dyslipidemia and RHR. Results A total of 10,321 participants （38.88% men） were included in this study. The percentages of individuals with high, moderate, and low PA levels were 46.5%, 43.9%, and 9.6%, respectively. In both men and women, high PA provided odds ratios of 0.88 [95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.83, 0.94] for dyslipidemia and 0.82 （95% CI： 0.73, 0.92） for elevated RHR, compared to participants with low PA. Conclusion Our data suggested that substantial health benefits （related to dyslipidemia and elevated RHR） occurred at higher intensity PA, with greater energy consumption, in middle-aged Chinese people, and particularly in men.