Coupling of anionic wetting agents to dust of sulfide ores by dropping liquid method

By using the experimental approach of dropping liquid, the coupling of three anionic wetting agents with ten dust samples of sulfide ores was studied, and particularly the wetting effects of the wetting agents on the sulfide dust influenced by factors of agent concentration and sulfate additive in the wetting agent solutions were investigated. The results show that when the solution temperature is about 20 ℃, all the selected wetting agents are effective to most dust samples, but the effect is different. Wetting agents are more effective to the dust which is difficult to be wetted. Wetting agent solution with sodium sulfate can improve the wetting ability of sulfide dust. For sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the suitable concentration of sodium sulfate is 12 mmol/L. The cost of wetting agents can be reduced because the sodium sulfate is much cheaper than many surfactants. Since the dust of sulfide ores is composed of various minerals and elements, the whole effect of depressing dust should be considered while innovating a wetting agent.

Ionic Liquid Based Vilsmeier Reagent as an Efficient Reagent for Esterification of Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids

The Vilsmeier reagent is well-known electrophilic reagent for synthetically useful organic transformations. Its ionic liquid version has been prepared from DMF-like ionic liquid. Apart from its other reported applications, presently it has been used as an efficient organo reagent for efficient esterification. Variety of esters has been prepared from versatile carboxylic acids and alcohols under ionic liquid conditions with excellent yields. The present system offers an economically and environmentally better alternative to routine procedures.

Effects of Atmospheric Pressure on Developmental Characteristics and the Stability of Air Entraining Agent for Concrete

In order to ascertain the effects of atmospheric pressure on developmental characteristics and the stability of AEA(air-entraining agent)solution bubbles,AEA solution experiments and AEA solution bubble experiments were,respectively,conducted in Peking(50 m,101.2 kPa)and Lhasa(3,650 m,63.1 kPa).Surface tensions and inflection-point concentrations were tested based on AEA solutions,whilst developmental characteristics,thicknesses and elastic coefficients of liquid films were tested based on air bubbles of AEA solutions.The study involved three types of AEAs,which were TM-O,226A,and 226S.The experimental results show that initial sizes of TM-O,226A,and 226S are,respectively,increased by 43.5%,17.5%,and 3.8%.With the decrease of ambient pressure,the drainage rate and the drainage index of AEA solution bubbles increase.Interference experiments show that the liquid film thicknesses of all tested AEA solution bubbles are in micron scales.When the atmospheric pressure decreases from 101.2 to 63.1 kPa,the liquid film thicknesses of three types of AEA solutions decrease in various degrees;and film elasticities at critical thicknesses increase.Liquid film of 226S solution bubbles is the most stable,presenting as a minimum thickness variation.It should be noted that elastic coefficient of liquid film only represents the level at critical thickness,thus it can not be applied as the only evaluating indicator of bubble stability.For a type of AEA,factors affecting the stability of its bubbles under low atmospheric pressure include initial bubbles size,liquid film thickness,liquid film elasticity,ambient temperature,etc.

基于免疫Agent的液体火箭发动机故障诊断

为解决液体火箭发动机系统非线性导致的故障诊断困难问题,将免疫Agent(IA)技术应用于液体火箭发动机的故障诊断研究。结合可变半径人工识别球(ARB)方法,在学习人类举一反三的机制,采用最大识别概率原则的基础上,构建了免疫Agent实体,并进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明:该方法训练时间短、正确率高、有较强的抗噪能力和自学习能力,可以应用于液体火箭发动机的状态监测与故障诊断。

基于多Agent的股票市场流动性仿真研究

基于多Agent的金融市场仿真是随着金融市场微观经济理论和行为金融学的发展而兴起的一种金融复杂系统研究方法。本文用多Agent仿真方法对连续竞价股票市场进行了模拟,分析了交易者之间的学习与交互行为对整个市场流动性造成的影响。

液体火箭发动机多Agent故障诊断技术研究

利用多Agent技术建立了液体火箭发动机故障检测与诊断系统,包括小波去噪、传感器检测、故障检测、故障诊断和系统总调度等功能.利用多线程编程、动态链接库及网络编程技术,使故障检测与诊断系统具有较高的智能性.给出了小波去噪、传感器检测等Agent的运行算例,并给出了故障检测与诊断系统的整体框架.

Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of silver nanorods by polyol reduction

Silver nanorods have been successfully synthesized in large scale by the ethylene glycol（EG） reduction in the presence of ionic liquid（IL） 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate（bmimBF_4） and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone（PVP）.The silver nanorods were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,electron energy disperse spectroscopy（EDS） and UV-vis spectroscopy.The results showed that the uniform silver nanorods have an average diameter of about 100 nm and the aspect ratio from 15 to 20.IL,bmimBF_4 may play a role of capping agent together with PVP in the formation of silver nanorods.On the other band,bmimBF_4 may accelerate nucleation and improve the stability of the resulting Ag nanorods due to the low interface tension of IL.

Wetting agent investigation for controlling dust of lead-zinc ores

The purpose of this project is to control the pollution of dust,which occurred in a typical lead-zinc mine.Two kinds of surfactants and water glass were chosen as the wetting agents to study the behaviours of suppressing the dust.The performances of the wetting agents of various sizes and water content of dust and their compositions among different weting agents were investigated. Firstly,the chemical compounds,dispersity,water content,bulk density and other relevant physico-chemical properties of the choiced dust of lead-zinc ore were mensurated.A great number of down-ward penetrating tests were conducted to different partical sizes of dust and to analyze the dust wetting behaviour respectively.The optimal compositions of wetting agents were obtained in accordance with different water contents and partical sizes of the dust after analyzing and statisting the achieved experimental data. The data show that the efficiency of chemical dust suppression of weting agents is much better than that of water.The results of the research work prove that the partical size and the water content of the dust are very important factors to the dust suppression.The results are also proved validly by the dropping experiment,which takes the penetrating diameter and penetrating time as the major factors.The superfine dust is much more difficult to be wetted.Since increasing the water content of dust is the best approach to control it,the choice of wetting agents for improving dispensation is significant.

利用制浆黑液研制混凝土减水剂及其在建筑工程上的应用研究

在制浆造纸过程中产生的大量制浆黑液对环境有很大危害,处理制浆黑液时要把环境和水源的保护考虑在内。目前制浆黑液混凝土减水剂的研发及应用于建筑工程,是安全绿色处理制浆黑液的有效途径,不仅使废料重新利用,还节约了减水剂制造成本,达到双赢效果。制浆黑液研制的减水剂对混凝土制品抗压性能和抗渗性能的提升及其在建筑工程上的应用是建筑行业及制浆造纸行业的巨大突破。废料的二次利用不仅节约了制造成本,还降低了混凝土的生产成本,更好地保护了环境,从而实现了可持续发展,为以后的制浆黑液废液处理提供了新的思考方向和借鉴价值。

胆甾相液晶色彩调制的研究性实验设计

胆甾相液晶的螺距能随材料配比、温度、外加电场等发生改变,进而对外界光进行调制。针对胆甾相液晶温致变色等现象,设计了研究性实验“胆甾相液晶色彩调制的研究性实验设计”,探究了胆甾相液晶材料的清亮点、织构、螺距和选择性反射随手性剂浓度和温度的变化规律。该实验流程完整,涉及材料配制、光学测量和性能检测,并将理论与实际应用相结合,有助于激发学生对温致变色材料的研究兴趣,培养学生创新性实验方案设计能力。

高效液相色谱法测定洗发护发产品中18种防腐剂和去屑剂

建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定不同基质化妆品中18种防腐剂和去屑剂组分的含量,并对50批市售洗发护发类化妆品进行质量分析。不同基质样品经前处理提取后,采用HPLC法分析,外标法定量。选取C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),甲醇和磷酸二氢钠水溶液(pH调节至3.8)作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,选取二极管阵列检测器多波长分析。18种组分在色谱图中分离度良好,峰面积与质量浓度在0.4~600μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r>0.9983),检出浓度在0.4~10 mg/kg之间。多种组分平均回收率(n=6)为83.1%~110.4%,RSD为0.12%~7.6%,回收率良好;多种组分在24 h内保持稳定,RSD在0.15%~3.8%之间,稳定性良好。50批样品中检出9种成分,吡硫鎓锌、吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐、对氯间甲酚、氯咪巴唑、三氯生、水杨酸的含量分别为2100~6800,39~2900,130~370,24~1600,0.14~0.19,28~1900 mg/kg。苄氯酚、邻氨基苯酚、邻伞花烃-5-醇的含量检出但是含量小于定量限,无法准确定量。该方法经方法学验证,可同时测定化妆品中18种防腐剂和去屑剂组分的含量。

油田含聚废液处理及再利用技术研究

近年来虽然对聚合物驱油藏油水井洗井、作业及站内管线清洗产生的含聚废液开展了回收再利用技术研究,但缺乏聚合物胶块废液的有效处理技术。为此,结合注聚区废液的特点,研究相应的处理技术,确定注聚区废液的调剖用配方,并针对不同废液改进调剖注入工艺,形成注聚区废液调剖再利用技术。研究结果表明:研制的橇装式含聚废液地面分离及处理装置能够有效分离废液中的胶块,对其进行粉碎处理后,形成颗粒调剖剂,进而实现单井直接注入;结合含聚废液特点,研发了相应的复配调剖剂配方,形成了调剖剂系列,达到了封堵高渗透油藏堵剂要求;现场实施调剖21口井,累计处理废液51 978 m^(3),油压平均上升了1.5 MPa,累计增油达8 036.2 t。研究结果可为油田清洁环保开发生产提供技术依据。

液体栓塞剂与传统栓塞材料治疗消化道出血的疗效及安全性对比

目的:对比温度敏感型液体栓塞剂(TSLEA)与传统栓塞材料在治疗消化道出血(GIB)中的安全性及有效性,分析其应用价值。方法:回顾性分析GIB患者临床资料,根据患者术中有无使用TSLEA分成两组并分析两组间的差异。结果:TSLEA组10例,14支责任血管,非TSLEA组24例,31支责任血管。两组技术成功率均为100%,术后平均随访时间16.07月;非TSLEA组临床成功率91.67%,术后并发症发生率8.33%;TSLEA组无明显并发症,临床成功率90.00%。两组间并发症发生率(P=0.888)、临床成功率(P=0.837)差异无统计学意义。结论:TSLEA与传统的栓塞材料相比,技术成功率、临床成功率及并发症发生率相仿,但其可以通过扭曲、纤细的责任血管,是一种良好的栓塞材料。

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牦牛肉中多种抗生素残留

建立了用氨基化多壁碳纳米管和C18作为净化剂,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时快速测定牦牛肉中四环素类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类等31种抗生素残留的方法,牦牛肉经过均质,然后用2 mL(0.1 mol/L)Na 2EDTA-McLlvaine试剂和8 mL乙腈超声提取,离心提取上清液后用QuEChERS(氨基化多壁碳纳米管和C18作为净化剂)法净化,浓缩定容后用Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18柱分离,电喷雾正离子模式(ESI^(+))电离,多反应离子监测(MRM)采集信号,外标法定量。研究结果表明:31种抗生素残留在1~200μg/kg的线性范围内有良好线性关系(r>0.9950)。方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.06~0.77和0.18~2.31μg/kg。空白加标样品在20、100和200μg/kg 3个浓度水平时,31种兽药残留平均回收率为63%~126%,相对标准偏差为0.69%~11.5%(n=6),方法快捷简单,方法重现性好、准确度高,适合对牦牛肉中残留的31种抗生素进行分析检测。

低渗储层渗吸剂界面性能与组分分离

对石油磺酸盐WPS-D和十八烷基二甲基甜菜碱复配的渗吸剂进行界面张力测试,得出0.3%浓度8∶2比例下的渗吸剂达到超低界面张力(<1.0×10^(-3)mN/m),0.4%和0.5%浓度比例为9∶1的体系接近超低界面张力。采用制备色谱与质谱相结合,对石油磺酸盐WPS-D进行组分分离,并结合界面张力测试结果,考察不同组分的界面活性。结果表明,石油磺酸盐分离出5种结构组成差异较大的不同组分;以重烷基苯磺酸盐为主,C_(17)~C_(19)烷基苯磺酸盐达到超低界面张力并维持,C_(18)~C_(24)的烷基苯磺酸盐接近超低界面张力后反弹,得出提供界面活性的主要组分是C_(17)~C_(19)磺酸盐。

液态肥稳定剂的研究进展及展望

我国作为农业大国在种植方面使用大量的固态肥料,肥效利用率低且对环境水体产生一定损害,相比之下液态肥具有节约用水、肥效稳定、运输成本低、灌溉模式多样、精准控制等优点,成为现代高标准农业发展的需求。而液态肥中含有大量复杂的营养成分易形成沉淀物质,影响其大面积推广和使用,稳定剂可使液态肥不产生沉淀,营养物质都处于悬浮状态、提升肥料利用率。对国外液态肥料及其稳定剂的发展历程进行了归纳总结,并对国内的液态肥稳定剂相关材料进行简单的区分和归类,阐述其稳定性原理,同时提出了环境友好且成本较低的生物质基稳定剂的发展设想,并对其可行性进行了初步论证。考虑到生物质材料的廉价、可降解、环境友好等优势,在未来的液态肥料稳定剂的研发中,应向该领域进行研究探索。

天然气湿法脱硫剂的研究进展

概述了国内外天然气含硫标准,在此基础上综述了湿法脱除硫化氢脱硫剂(络合铁法、胺法、离子液体法、生物法)的最新研究和应用进展;详细总结了各种脱硫剂的作用原理;就现阶段不同湿法脱硫化氢脱硫剂脱硫过程中存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了分析和展望,为推进天然气脱硫化氢脱硫剂研发提供理论及实践指导。

通过式固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中30种食源性兴奋剂

针对不同动物源性食品中多种食源性兴奋剂检测基质效应差异较大、干扰较多等问题,本研究建立通过式固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中10种蛋白同化剂、8种糖皮质激素和12种利尿剂等食源性兴奋剂,试样经5%甲酸-乙腈提取,通过式固相萃取柱净化,采用液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定,同位素内标法定量。结果表明,30种食源性兴奋剂在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率介于67.5%~114.3%,相对标准偏差介于0.7%~16.1%(n=6)。该方法具有灵敏度高、操作简单、检测通量大、检测效率高等特点,提高了不同复杂基质下的检测准确性,能够满足赛事用动物源性食品中30种食源性兴奋剂的检测需求。

An antistatic agent based on polyionic liquid applied to nylon 6

In order to improve the electrical conductivity of nylon 6(PA6)and avoid misfires and explosions caused by static charge accumulation,a quaternary ammonium salt polyionic liquid(PIL)antistatic agent was synthesized in this paper.The surface resistance of PA6 was reduced to 10~8Ωwith the addition of 2 wt%antistatic agent,and the mechanical properties and aging resistance of the substrate were improved.Meanwhile,the morphology and crystallinity of PIL/PA6 composites were further characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersion spectrometer(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).It is worth noting that the quaternary ammonium salt polyionic liquid antistatic agent synthesized in this paper has the advantages of excellent antistatic effect,durability,low cost,and simple reaction condition,so it has a broad application prospect in the antistatic aspect of PA6.