In the last decade, increasing applications of information technology (IT) within power industry has become a significant reality. As distributed power networks are gaining importance and renewables are getting a bigg...In the last decade, increasing applications of information technology (IT) within power industry has become a significant reality. As distributed power networks are gaining importance and renewables are getting a bigger ratio within energy production, Smart Grid applications have become essential, especially due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources. Smart Grid is a sustainable energy system that measures, checks, and controls the generation, transmission, and consumption of electrical energy in grids on all voltage levels. Smart Grid experts are driving forward the development of effective communication and information technologies for the build-up of intelligent power supply networks. Examples of these are control systems for the realization of virtual power plants, intelligent consumer data acquisition systems, and smart distribution management systems. Fuel cell-based hydrogen electricity, in comparison to other renewable energy sources, is more stable and predictable. Yet hydrogen power and smart-grids have many application points, mainly as means of energy storage. This study claims that hydrogen energy and smart-grids could also engage through an appliance of IT managed metering of hydrogen power production. Smart metering and management of hydrogen fuel cells would enable advanced planning of short-to-mid-term power productions and thus foster use of hydrogen power within distributed networks, as local community or industrial applications.展开更多
Conventional chemical oxidation of aldehydes such as furfural to corresponding acids by molecular oxygen usually needs high pressure to increase the solubility of oxygen in aqueous phase,while electrochemical oxidatio...Conventional chemical oxidation of aldehydes such as furfural to corresponding acids by molecular oxygen usually needs high pressure to increase the solubility of oxygen in aqueous phase,while electrochemical oxidation needs input of external electric energy.Herein,we developed a liquid flow fuel cell(LFFC)system to achieve oxidation of furfural in anode for furoic acid production with co-production of hydrogen gas.By controlling the electron transfer in cathode for reduction of oxygen,efficient generation of electricity or production of H_(2)O_(2)were achieved.Metal oxides especially Ag_(2)O have been screened as the efficient catalyst to promote the oxidation of aldehydes,while liquid redox couples were used for promoting the kinetics of oxygen reduction.A novel alkaline-acidic asymmetric design was also used for anolyte and catholyte,respectively,to promote the efficiency of electron transfer.Such an LFFC system achieves efficient conversion of chemical energy of aldehyde oxidation to electric energy and makes full use the transferred electrons for high-value added products without input of external energy.With(VO_(2))_(2)SO_(4)as the electron carrier in catholyte for four-electron reduction of oxygen,the peak output power density(Pmax)at room temperature reached 261 mW/cm^(2)with furoic acid and H_(2)yields of 90%and 0.10 mol/mol furfural,respectively.With anthraquinone-2-sulfonate(AQS)as the cathodic electron carrier,Pmaxof 60 mW/cm^(2)and furoic acid,H_(2)and H_(2)O_(2)yields of 0.88,0.15 and 0.41 mol/mol furfural were achieved,respectively.A new reaction mechanism on furfural oxidation on Ag_(2)O anode was proposed,referring to one-electron and two-electron reaction pathways depending on the fate of adsorbed hydrogen atom transferred from furfural aldehyde group.展开更多
The economics,infrastructure,transportation,and level of living of a country are all influenced by energy.The gap between energy usage and availabil-ity is a global issue.Currently,all countries rely on fossil fuels fo...The economics,infrastructure,transportation,and level of living of a country are all influenced by energy.The gap between energy usage and availabil-ity is a global issue.Currently,all countries rely on fossil fuels for energy genera-tion,and these fossil fuels are not sustainable.The hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)power system is both clean and efficient.The fuel delivery system and the PEMFC make up the majority of the PEMFC power sys-tem.The lack of an efficient,safe,and cost-effective hydrogen storage system is still a major barrier to its widespread use.Solid hydrogen storage has the large capacity,safety and good reversibility.As a hydrogen source system,the hydro-gen supply characteristics affect the characteristics of the PEMFC at the output.In this paper,a mathematical model of a hydrogen source reactor and PEMFC based on chemical absorption/desorption of solid hydrogen storage is established,and a simulation model of a PEMFC power system coupled with solid hydrogen storage is established using MATLAB/SIMULINK software,and the hydrogen supply of the reactor is analyzed in detail.The influence of prominent factors is evaluated.The research results show that the proposed method improved the system perfor-mance.At the same time,increasing the PEMFC temperature,increasing the area of the proton exchange membrane and the oxygen supply pressure can increase the output power of the power system.展开更多
Interest in hydrogen-powered rail vehicles has gradually increased worldwide over recent decades due to the global pressure on reduction in greenhouse gas emissions,technology availability,and multiple options of powe...Interest in hydrogen-powered rail vehicles has gradually increased worldwide over recent decades due to the global pressure on reduction in greenhouse gas emissions,technology availability,and multiple options of power supply.In the past,research and development have been primarily focusing on light rail and regional trains,but the interest in hydrogen-powered freight and heavy haul trains is also growing.The review shows that some technical feasibility has been demonstrated from the research and experiments on proof-of-concept designs.Several rail vehicles powered by hydrogen either are currently operating or are the subject of experimental programmes.The paper identifies that fuel cell technology is well developed and has obvious application in providing electrical traction power,while hydrogen combustion in traditional IC engines and gas turbines is not yet well developed.The need for on-board energy storage is discussed along with the benefits of energy management and control systems.展开更多
氢电混动汽车(fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles,FCHEV)的出现克服了电动汽车充电缓慢、续航焦虑的问题,而且其灵活多样的用能方式有利于缓解电力系统调峰压力,能够促进能源–交通系统深度融合与绿色低碳转型,助力我国早日达成“30&#...氢电混动汽车(fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles,FCHEV)的出现克服了电动汽车充电缓慢、续航焦虑的问题,而且其灵活多样的用能方式有利于缓解电力系统调峰压力,能够促进能源–交通系统深度融合与绿色低碳转型,助力我国早日达成“30×60双碳目标”。该文建立了FCHEV等效里程模型,将里程作为衡量其充电加氢状态的指标;并建立了考虑电碳耦合的能源交通融合系统优化调度模型,使得机组运行成本和环境成本最低。基于我国某省实际数据分析了电-碳市场下FCHEV的接入对提高电力系统灵活性和推动碳减排的积极作用,挖掘了氢电混动载运技术创造的产业价值,研究了大力发展新能源对碳减排的积极影响,并根据研究结果提出了促进碳市场环境下能源–交通系统发展的建议。展开更多
文摘In the last decade, increasing applications of information technology (IT) within power industry has become a significant reality. As distributed power networks are gaining importance and renewables are getting a bigger ratio within energy production, Smart Grid applications have become essential, especially due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources. Smart Grid is a sustainable energy system that measures, checks, and controls the generation, transmission, and consumption of electrical energy in grids on all voltage levels. Smart Grid experts are driving forward the development of effective communication and information technologies for the build-up of intelligent power supply networks. Examples of these are control systems for the realization of virtual power plants, intelligent consumer data acquisition systems, and smart distribution management systems. Fuel cell-based hydrogen electricity, in comparison to other renewable energy sources, is more stable and predictable. Yet hydrogen power and smart-grids have many application points, mainly as means of energy storage. This study claims that hydrogen energy and smart-grids could also engage through an appliance of IT managed metering of hydrogen power production. Smart metering and management of hydrogen fuel cells would enable advanced planning of short-to-mid-term power productions and thus foster use of hydrogen power within distributed networks, as local community or industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2187817622178197)。
文摘Conventional chemical oxidation of aldehydes such as furfural to corresponding acids by molecular oxygen usually needs high pressure to increase the solubility of oxygen in aqueous phase,while electrochemical oxidation needs input of external electric energy.Herein,we developed a liquid flow fuel cell(LFFC)system to achieve oxidation of furfural in anode for furoic acid production with co-production of hydrogen gas.By controlling the electron transfer in cathode for reduction of oxygen,efficient generation of electricity or production of H_(2)O_(2)were achieved.Metal oxides especially Ag_(2)O have been screened as the efficient catalyst to promote the oxidation of aldehydes,while liquid redox couples were used for promoting the kinetics of oxygen reduction.A novel alkaline-acidic asymmetric design was also used for anolyte and catholyte,respectively,to promote the efficiency of electron transfer.Such an LFFC system achieves efficient conversion of chemical energy of aldehyde oxidation to electric energy and makes full use the transferred electrons for high-value added products without input of external energy.With(VO_(2))_(2)SO_(4)as the electron carrier in catholyte for four-electron reduction of oxygen,the peak output power density(Pmax)at room temperature reached 261 mW/cm^(2)with furoic acid and H_(2)yields of 90%and 0.10 mol/mol furfural,respectively.With anthraquinone-2-sulfonate(AQS)as the cathodic electron carrier,Pmaxof 60 mW/cm^(2)and furoic acid,H_(2)and H_(2)O_(2)yields of 0.88,0.15 and 0.41 mol/mol furfural were achieved,respectively.A new reaction mechanism on furfural oxidation on Ag_(2)O anode was proposed,referring to one-electron and two-electron reaction pathways depending on the fate of adsorbed hydrogen atom transferred from furfural aldehyde group.
基金funded by King Abdulaziz University,Jedda Saudi Arabia and King Abdulah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia Grant No.(KCR-KFL-13-20)thereforethe authors gratefully acknowledge their technical and financial support.
文摘The economics,infrastructure,transportation,and level of living of a country are all influenced by energy.The gap between energy usage and availabil-ity is a global issue.Currently,all countries rely on fossil fuels for energy genera-tion,and these fossil fuels are not sustainable.The hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)power system is both clean and efficient.The fuel delivery system and the PEMFC make up the majority of the PEMFC power sys-tem.The lack of an efficient,safe,and cost-effective hydrogen storage system is still a major barrier to its widespread use.Solid hydrogen storage has the large capacity,safety and good reversibility.As a hydrogen source system,the hydro-gen supply characteristics affect the characteristics of the PEMFC at the output.In this paper,a mathematical model of a hydrogen source reactor and PEMFC based on chemical absorption/desorption of solid hydrogen storage is established,and a simulation model of a PEMFC power system coupled with solid hydrogen storage is established using MATLAB/SIMULINK software,and the hydrogen supply of the reactor is analyzed in detail.The influence of prominent factors is evaluated.The research results show that the proposed method improved the system perfor-mance.At the same time,increasing the PEMFC temperature,increasing the area of the proton exchange membrane and the oxygen supply pressure can increase the output power of the power system.
文摘Interest in hydrogen-powered rail vehicles has gradually increased worldwide over recent decades due to the global pressure on reduction in greenhouse gas emissions,technology availability,and multiple options of power supply.In the past,research and development have been primarily focusing on light rail and regional trains,but the interest in hydrogen-powered freight and heavy haul trains is also growing.The review shows that some technical feasibility has been demonstrated from the research and experiments on proof-of-concept designs.Several rail vehicles powered by hydrogen either are currently operating or are the subject of experimental programmes.The paper identifies that fuel cell technology is well developed and has obvious application in providing electrical traction power,while hydrogen combustion in traditional IC engines and gas turbines is not yet well developed.The need for on-board energy storage is discussed along with the benefits of energy management and control systems.
文摘氢电混动汽车(fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles,FCHEV)的出现克服了电动汽车充电缓慢、续航焦虑的问题,而且其灵活多样的用能方式有利于缓解电力系统调峰压力,能够促进能源–交通系统深度融合与绿色低碳转型,助力我国早日达成“30×60双碳目标”。该文建立了FCHEV等效里程模型,将里程作为衡量其充电加氢状态的指标;并建立了考虑电碳耦合的能源交通融合系统优化调度模型,使得机组运行成本和环境成本最低。基于我国某省实际数据分析了电-碳市场下FCHEV的接入对提高电力系统灵活性和推动碳减排的积极作用,挖掘了氢电混动载运技术创造的产业价值,研究了大力发展新能源对碳减排的积极影响,并根据研究结果提出了促进碳市场环境下能源–交通系统发展的建议。
