Wetting front migration model of ion-adsorption rare earth during the multi-hole unsaturated liquid injection

In the process of ion-adsorption rare earth ore leaching,the migration characteristics of the wetting front in multi-hole injection holes and the influence of wetting front intersection effect on the migration distance of wetting fronts are still unclear.Besides,wetting front migration distance and leaching time are usually required to optimize the leaching process.In this study,wetting front migration tests of ionadsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole fluid injection(the spacing between injection holes was 10 cm,12 cm and 14 cm)and single-hole fluid injection were completed under the constant water head height.At the pre-intersection stage,the wetting front migration laws of ion-adsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole fluid injection and single-hole fluid injection were identical.At the postintersection stage,the intersection accelerated the wetting front migration.By using the Darcy’s law,the intersection effect of wetting fronts during the multi-hole liquid injection was transformed into the water head height directly above the intersection.Finally,based on the Green-Ampt model,a wetting front migration model of ion-adsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole unsaturated liquid injection was established.Error analysis results showed that the proposed model can accurately simulate the infiltration process under experimental conditions.The research results enrich the infiltration law and theory of ion-adsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole liquid injection,and this study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the liquid injection well pattern parameters of ion-adsorption rare earth in situ leaching in the future.

A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Index Components in Danhong Injection

The purpose of this study was to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of sodium danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and 4-coumaric acid in Danhong injection. The chromatographic method employed was as follows: the column was a Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 10 μm), the mobile phase was a gradient elution of 0.4% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B), the detection wavelengths were 280 nm for sodium danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, and salvianolic acid B and 326 nm for 4-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid, the sample volume was 10 μL, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was 35°C. This method can realize the separation and determination of sodium danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and 4-coumaric acid within 50 minutes. The linear relationships of the five peak areas and their concentrations are good (R2> 0.9997). The precision RSD values are all less than 1.0%. The reproducibility RSD values are all less than 1.3%. The stability RSD values are all less than 2.2%. The recovery values ranged from 92.4% to 99.4%. This method is simple, accurate, and reproducible. It can be used for the determination of sodium danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and 4-coumaric acid in Danhong injection.

FLOW DYNAMICS OF GAS-SOLID FLUIDIZED BEDS WITH EVAPORATIVE LIQUID INJECTION

The electrical capacitance tomography （ECT） with neural network multi-criteria image reconstruction technique （NN-MOIRT） is developed for real time imaging of a gas-solid fluidized bed using FCC particles with evaporative liquid injection. Some aspects of the fundamental characteristics of the gas-solid flow with evaporative liquid injection including real time and time averaged cross-sectional solids concentration distributions, the cross-sectional solids concentration fluctuations and the quasi-3D flow structures are studied. A two-region model and a direct image calculation are proposed to describe the dynamic behavior in both the bubble/void phase and the emulsion phase based on the tomographic images. Comparisons are made between the fundamental behaviors of the gas-solid flows with and without evaporative liquid injection for various gas velocities ranging from bubbling to turbulent fluidization regimes. Significant differences are observed in the behavior of the gas-solid flow with the evaporative liquid injection compared to the fluidized bed without liquid injection.

Experimental analysis of volatile liquid injection into a fluidized bed

Experiments were conducted on a lab-scale fluidized bed to study the distribution of liquid ethanol injected into fluidized catalyst particles. Electrical capacitance measurements were used to study the liquid distribution inside the bed, and a new method was developed to determine the liquid content inside fluidized beds of fluid catalytic cracking particles. The results shed light on the complex liquid injection region and reveal the strong effect of superficial gas velocity on liquid distribution inside the fluidized bed, which is also affected by the imbibition of liquid inside particle pores. Particle internal porosity was found to play a major role when the changing mass of liquid in the bed was monitored. The results also showed that the duration of liquid injection affected liquid-solid contact inside the bed and that liouid-solid mixin~ was not homogeneous durin~ the limited liouid injection time.

Three-dimensional simulation of liquid injection,film formation and transport,in fluidized beds

Liquid injection, and film formation and transport in dense-phase gas-solids fluidized beds are numerically simulated in three dimensions using a collisional exchange model that is based on the mechanism that collisions cause transfer of liquid mass, momentum, and energy between particles. In the model, each of the particles is represented by a solid core and a liquid film surrounding the core. The model is incorporated in the framework of the commercial code Barracuda developed by CPFD Software. The commercial software is an advanced CFD-based computational tool where the particles are treated as discrete entities, calculated by the MP-PIC method, and tracked using the Lagrangian method. Details of the collisional liquid transfer model have been previously presented in O＇Rourke, Zhao, and Snider （2009）; this paper presents new capabilities and proof-testing of the collision model and a new method to better quantify the penetration length. Example calculations of a fluidized bed without liquid injection show the expected effect of collisions on the reduction of granular temperature （fluctuational kinetic energy） of the bed. When applied to liquid injection into a dense-phase fluidized bed under different conditions, the model predicts liquid penetration lengths comparable to the experiments. In addition, the simulation reveals for the first time the dynamic mixing of the liquid droplets with the bed particles and the transient distribution of the droplets inside the bed.

Fingerprint analysis of placenta polypeptide injection by high performance liquid chromatography

Objective: To develop the representative fingerprint for the quality control of placenta polypeptide injection. Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm) maintained at 30 1C. 0.1% aqueous trifiuoroacetic acid (Solvent A) and acetonitrile contained 0.1% TFA (Solvent B) were used as mobile phase with a gradient elution. Detection wavelength was 280 nm with the sample injection volume of 50 mL; the fiow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The fingerprints of different samples were investigated by similarity analysis. Results: Nine peaks were identified as the characteristic common peaks. The similarities of the fingerprints of the 10 batches of samples were above 0.992. Conclusion: This method showed high precision and good repeatability, and provided the basis for the improvement of the quality control of placenta polypeptide injection.

Study on the Flow Injection Micro-Column Pre-Separation System Coupled With High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Ecdysterone in Traditional Chinese Medicine

A flow injection (FI) micro-column system coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was proposed for the pre-separation and determination of active organic component (ecdysterone) in traditional Chinese medicine, Loulu. The factors influencing separation performance were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the contents of ecdysterone in Loulu were determined by HPLC system using MeOH-H_2O (40: 60,V/V) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0. 5~ 100 mg/L of ecdysterone concentrations. The detection limit of the analyte was 0. 11mol/L(3) with a precision of 0. 38% RSD (n=7 f c= 10. 0 mg/L). The average recovery of the method was 98. 7%. The proposed method has been applied to determine ecdysterone in practical samples, and the determined values by both external standard method and standard addition method were in good agreement. Compared to the traditional solid extraction method, the system proposed has the advantages of simple procedure, good reproducibility, minimum volume requirement, reduction of matrix interference and low contamination risk.

THE STUDY OF INTERACTION OF SOLID-LIQUID ADSORPTION SYSTEM BY USING THE FLOW INJECTION-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY SYSTEM

The flow injection analysis was firstly used for studying a solid-liquid adsorption system, and the dynamics process in the adsorption of dyestuff with regenerable chitin was traced by an online method of flow injection-spectrophotometry. Experimental results indicate that there is a linearization between the tested signals and the height of peaks with reciprocity coefficient 0.9999 by using the flow injection-spectrophotometry system to study the dynamics adsorption process in solidliquid system. The method shows a good stability and reproducibility. It provides a new method for the studies on adsorption dynamics in solid- liquid system.

Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrazine in the Aqueous Streams of Purex Process by Liquid Chromatography System Coupled with UV-Visible Detector

Present study describes the development of a rapid, sensitive and selective flow injection analysis of hydrazine in the aqueous streams of purex process by liquid chromatography system coupled with UV-Visible detector. The method is based on the formation of yellow coloured azine complex by reaction of hydrazine with para-dimethy laminobenzaldehyde (pDMAB). The formed yellow coloured complex is stable in acidic medium and has a maximum absorption at 460 nm. The presence of uranium in hydrazine solution is not interfering in the analysis. Under optimum condition, the absorption intensity linearly increased with the concentration of hydrazine in the range from 0.05-10 mg?L–1 with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.9999 (n=7). The experimental detection limit is 0.05mgL–1. The sampling frequency is 15 samples h–1 and the relative standard deviation was 2.1% for 0.05 mg?L–1. This method is suitable for automatic and continuous analysis and successfully applied to determine the concentration of hydrazine in the aqueous stream of nuclear fuel reprocessing.

高效液相色谱法测定室温下硝酸甘油注射液的存贮期限

目的高效液相色谱法测定硝酸甘油注射液在室温下的含量变化,预测硝酸甘油注射液在室温下的存贮期限。方法(1)HPLC法测定硝酸甘油注射液的含量。采用色谱柱(Kromasil C18),以甲醇:水(59:41)为流动相,流速1.0 ml·min^(-1),检测波长215 nm,柱温30℃;(2)采用加速试验和长期留样试验对硝酸甘油注射液的稳定性进行研究,经典恒温试验预测其在室温下的有效期。结果硝酸甘油注射液检测浓度在10μg·ml^(-1)-600μg·ml^(-1)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(R=0.9999),日内精密度、日间精密度、稳定性试验、重复性实验RSD均小于2%,含量测定平均值在99.99μg·ml^(-1)(标准值100μg·ml^(-1)),加样回收率RSD为1.67%。经典恒温试验测得硝酸甘油的含量变化符合一级反应规律,在25℃,硝酸甘油注射液的速率变化常数K_(25)=7.1395×10^(-4),有效贮存期限为147 d;在30℃时,K_(30)=9.4175×10^(-4),有效贮存期限为111 d。长期留样观察实验可以验证该实验的可靠性。结论高效液相色谱法检测方法简单、快速、精密度高,重复性好。硝酸甘油注射液在室温(25℃)下的存储期限约5个月,可以为临床管理抢救车药品提供参考依据。

AGM隔板的装配压力对阀控式铅酸蓄电池性能的影响

研究了AGM隔板的注液量、注液种类、纤维直径、增强隔板以及初始压力等因素对装配压力的影响。实验证明,注液量为饱和吸液量的90%,装配压力控制在60 kPa左右,可以明显改善阀控式铅酸蓄电池的循环寿命。

磷酸铁锂锂离子电池电芯注液量相关试验验证与探讨

通过详细的理论计算,推导出LFP/230 Ah锂离子电池电芯孔隙率和极限饱和吸液量,并且通过试验设计进行验证。通过调整LFP/230 Ah锂离子电池电芯的一次注液量与不同高温下的静置时间来验证随后高温负压化成后电芯各项电性能参数受到的影响。测试及验证结果表明:随着一次注液后高温静置时间的延长,LFP/230 Ah锂离子电池电芯中游离态电解液量逐渐减少,而且在24 h后基本达到稳定状态;一次注液后随着高温静置时间的延长,电芯在化成过程中的温度逐渐降低,而且化成结束后的开路电压越来越高,分容容量有升高趋势,DCR有降低趋势,电芯满充后黑斑析锂位置点的数量减少,而且黑斑面积也逐渐缩小,但在SoC为0.6%下的K值筛选没有受到显著影响。

液相色谱法测定氟尼辛葡甲胺注射液含量的不确定度评定

为提高检验结果的准确性,确定检验过程中的关键影响因素,对液相色谱法测定氟尼辛葡甲胺注射液含量进行不确定度评估。依据《中国兽药典》2020版氟尼辛葡甲胺注射液质量标准对其含量进行测定,分析影响不确定度的因素,参照JJF 1135-2005《化学分析测量不确定度评定》和JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》中的规定及要求,对检验过程中的不确定因素进行评估,根据CNAS-GL006:2019构建了氟尼辛含量的不确定度评估数学模型,对检测过程中各种不确定度的来源进行分析,并计算合成相对标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。氟尼辛葡甲胺注射液含量的不确定度结果表示为(102.2±2.72)%,(k=2,置信区间为95%),主要来源于仪器重复性。

单螺杆压缩机星轮齿内到齿侧间隙的精准供液技术研究

单螺杆压缩机具有良好的力学性能,单机容量大、结构简单、易损件少,在无油空气压缩、低温热泵、水蒸气压缩等诸多领域具有良好的应用前景。星轮齿和螺杆齿槽组成的啮合副是单螺杆压缩机的核心部件,其必须具有良好的润滑,否则易因高速滑动遭到磨损。单螺杆压缩机通常会使用喷液润滑,然而在一些特殊领域内,喷入润滑液体(如水)可能会造成排气参数降低。为减少单螺杆压缩机的喷液量同时确保可靠润滑,提出了一种星轮-螺杆啮合副精准喷液润滑构造及其设计方法,并利用FLUENT模拟了构造内部润滑水的流动和传热过程,验证了构造及设计方法的合理性,为单螺杆压缩机向高转速、水蒸气压缩机领域的发展提供了一种技术方案。

气相色谱法测定异戊烷中微量CO、CO_(2)的研究

利用高压液体进样阀-气相色谱仪,结合镍转化炉,建立了一种测定异戊烷中微量CO和CO_(2)含量的分析方法,考察了方法的精密度、回收率以及最低检测限,并对实际异戊烷样品中CO、CO_(2)的含量进行分析。定量分析结果表明,标样组分的回收率为98.0%,重复3次测定的相对标准偏差小于3%。CO、CO_(2)的最低检测限分别为0.13μL L和0.26μL L,该方法完全可以满足全密度聚乙烯工艺对异戊烷中微量CO、CO_(2)的质量监控要求。

无底柱分段崩落法矿石残留体物理模拟实验研究

无底柱分段崩落法在地下金属矿床开采中广泛应用,损失贫化大是其主要问题之一,而矿石残留体的存在对放矿效果有着很大影响,直接影响开采过程中的损失和贫化,为了取得良好回采指标,需对矿石残留体的组成、空间位置和形态进行研究。针对目前矿石残留体研究缺乏完整揭露手段问题,首先,基于注液胶结提出一种能完整揭露放矿后散体内部矿石残留体的方法;其次,进行垂直走向进路布置方式的无底柱分段崩落法物理模型放矿实验,用所提方法对矿石残留体进行了完整揭露并用三维扫描仪进行了三维建模,在此基础上对矿体残留体的组成、空间位置和形态进行了揭示,同时研究了矿岩混杂部位及靠壁残留体随放矿的变化规律。所提方法弥补了传统放矿物理模拟实验的不足,在此基础上揭示的矿石残留体特征和规律,更利于指导开采措施制定。

采用非共沸制冷剂的双喷气增焓两级压缩热泵循环研究

提出一种采用非共沸制冷剂的双喷气增焓两级压缩热泵循环(DVIC),该循环在普通喷气增焓循环(VIC)的基础上采用分液冷凝技术,并增加一组闪蒸器,减少系统不可逆损失,改善热力性能。采用R290/R1336mzz(Z)非共沸制冷剂,对DVIC进行研究,并与VIC进行比较。结果表明:在设定工况下,DVIC比VIC拥有更优的循环性能,系统COP和(火用)效率分别提高5.82%和8.41%,压缩机功耗降低6.39%;在较低蒸发温度或较高冷凝温度的运行工况下,DVIC性能的改善效果更加明显。

氮中甲苯气体标准物质的研制

介绍了氮中甲苯气体标准物质的制备方法。以高纯氮气和高纯甲苯试剂为原料,采用液体注射法,将高纯甲苯试剂气化注射到钢瓶中,并采用重量法配制目标气体标准物质。采用气相色谱法(FID检测器)对制备的标准物质进行均匀性、稳定性检验,并对定值结果的不确定度进行评定。研制的氮中甲苯气体标准物质标称摩尔分数分别为0.999、5.01、9.23、50.38μmol/mol,相对扩展不确定度为3%(k=2),均匀性和稳定性良好,有效期为12个月。

手部高压液喷注伤的治疗

目的探讨手部高压液喷注伤的治疗效果。方法对18例手部高压液喷注伤患者行术前MRI检查明确喷注液累及范围,早期切开引流及彻底清创,确认喷注液完全清除后积极给予指(肢)体的正规功能康复措施。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。除1例术后发生感染脓肿,经多次清创、扩创、引流后,创面延迟愈合外,其余17例创面均正常愈合。术后无指(肢)体坏死、神经损伤等并发症发生。末次随访时,采用TAM系统评价手指活动度:优12例,良3例,可3例,优良率15/18;患者指间关节及掌指关节活动度均恢复正常。结论对于手部高压液喷注伤,术前应行MRI检查充分评估喷注液累及范围,并尽快切开引流及彻底清创,确认喷注液完全清除后再指导患者进行指(肢)体的正规功能康复,可获得满意疗效。

采空区注液氮降温对煤自燃热物理特性的影响研究

为了研究注液氮降温对煤自燃的影响,选取亭南煤矿二盘区和三盘区煤样进行热物性实验。首先通过LFA457激光闪射仪对煤样进行预处理,再测定煤样30~300℃范围内的热物性参数,得到注液氮降温后煤样热物性参数随温度的变化规律,对比分析注液氮前后影响煤样热物理性质的因素。结果表明:注液氮处理前后的煤样,二者的热扩散系数都随着温度的升高而降低,比热容与导热系数随着温度的升高而上升;在30~200℃范围内,注液氮处理后煤样的热物性参数平均变化率高于原煤样,说明注液氮处理会增加煤样对温度的敏感性;此外,在相同温度下,注液氮处理后煤样热物性参数相较原煤样均有不同程度的上升,热扩散系数平均增长率最高,表明注液氮处理后的煤样在氧化升温过程中热扩散能力增强。