Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid-coconut oil supported liquid membrane for the separation of copper ions from copper plating wastewater

Permeation of Cu（Ⅱ） from its aqueous solution through a supported liquid membrane （SLM） containing di（2-ethylhexyl）phosphoric acid （D2EHPA） carrier dissolved in coconut oil has been studied. The effects of Cu（Ⅱ）, pH （in feed）, H2SO4 （stripping） and D2EHPA （in membrane） concentrations have been investigated. The stability of the D2EHPA-coconut oil has also been evaluated. High Cu（Ⅱ） concentration in the feed leads to an increase in flux from 4.1 × 10^-9 to 8.9 × 10^-9 mol/（m^2·s） within the Cu（Ⅱ） concentration range 7.8×10^-4-78.6×10^-4 mol/L at pH of 4.0 in the feed and 12.4 × 10^-4 mol/L D2EHPA in the membrane phase. Increase in H2SO4 concentration in strip solution leads to an increase in copper ions flux up to 0.25 mol/L H2SO4, providing a maximum flux of 7.4 × 10^-9 mol/（m^2·s）. The optimum conditions for Cu（Ⅱ） transport are, pH of feed 4.0, 0.25 mol/L H2SO4 in strip phase and 12.4 × 10^-4 mol/L D2EHPA （membrane） in 0.5 μm pore size polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） membrane. It has been observed that Cu（Ⅱ） flux across the membrane tends to increase with the concentration of copper ions. Application of the method developed to copper plating bath rinse solutions has been found to be successful in the recovery of Cu（Ⅱ）.

Easy removing of phenol from wastewater using vegetable oil-based organic solvent in emulsion liquid membrane process

Phenol is considered as pollutant due to its toxicity and carcinogenic effect.Thus,variety of innovative methods for separation and recovery of phenolic compounds is developed in order to remove the unwanted phenol from wastewater and obtain valuable phenolic compound.One of potential method is extraction using green based liquid organic solvent.Therefore,the feasibility of using palm oil was investigated.In this research,palm oil based organic phase was used as diluents to treat a simulated wastewater containing 300×10^(-6) of phenol solution using emulsion liquid membrane process(ELM).The stability of water-in-oil(W/O) emulsion on diluent composition and the parameters affecting the phenol removal efficiency and stability of the emulsion;such as emulsification speed,emulsification time,agitation speed,surfactant concentration,pH of external phase,contact time,stripping agent concentration and treat ratio were carried out.The results of ELM study showed that at ratio7 to 3 of palm oil to kerosene,5 min and 1300 r·min^(-1) of emulsification process the stabile primary emulsion were formed.Also,no carrier is needed to facilitate the phenol extraction.In experimental conditions of500 r·min^(-1) of agitation speed,3%Span 80,pH 8 of external phase,5 min of contact time,0.1 mol·L^(-1) NaOH as stripping agent and 1:10 of treat ratio,the ELM process was very promising for removing the phenol from the wastewater.The extraction performance at about 83%of phenol was removed for simulated wastewater and an enrichment of phenol in recovery phase as phenolate compound was around 11 times.

Application of Ionic Liquid in Upgrading 6# Solvent Oil

A new method of upgrading 6# solvent oils using different ionic liquids as catalysts in a continuous apparatus is studied in this paper.The results show that aromatics,olefins and small quantity of sulfurs can be removed simultaneously.Using complex ionic liquid modified with CuCl as catalyst,olefins are removed completely,the mass concentrations of aromatics and sulfurs in solvent oil are 0.36% and 0.0058%,respectively,and the bromic index is zero.The sulfur removal rate decreases gradually with increasing of running time.The refined 6# solvent oil is corresponded to the quality standards of GB16629-1996,which request that the mass concentrations of aromatics,sulfurs and bromic index are 1%,0.012% and 1000,respectively.The loss of solvent oil is less than 3%.

Liquid rheology study on refined rapeseed oil

The rapeseed oil extracted from the mature seeds was purified by refining processing,and the rheological characteristic analysis of the viscosity and dynamic shear rate at gradient temperatures was made.The result shows that at 20,40,60 and 80 ℃ respectively,when the shear rate gradually rises,the torque increases accordingly but its viscosity does not vary distinctly.The result suggests that when rapeseed oil is used as the raw of edible oils and industries,the working procedures at high temperature will not influence its rheological characteristic distinctly.

Investigation of Different Ionic Liquids in Improving Oil Recovery Factor

In order to improve oil recovery, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques have been applied to several light and medium oil reservoirs. This research was directed towards the development of chemical flooding methods for such reservoirs. The main objective of this experimental work was to investigate the efficiency of introducing various types of Ionic Liquids (ILs), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride [EMIM][Cl], 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride [BenzMIM][Cl], and Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride [THTDPh][Cl] on the Recovery Factor (RF) of medium oil (Weyburn oil, 30.25 API°) at room temperature. The series of flooding experiments were carried out by introducing a slug of IL mixtures. Results demonstrated that maximum oil recovery factor was obtained when [EMIM][Cl] was added in the displacing fluid. Further investigations have been conducted to examine the effect of ILs concentrations on the recovery mechanisms by measuring Surface Tension (SFT), pH, and viscosity of the displacing phases. Finally, the effect of theses ILs in wettability alteration was examined.

Structural evolution of silicone oil liquid exposed to Ar plasma

Structure properties of silicone oil serving as a liquid substrate exposed to Ar plasma axe investigated in this paper. Under the action of energetic Ar ions, the surface of silicone oil liquid substrate exhibits a branch-like fractal aggregation structure, which is related to the structure evolution of silicone oil liquid from Si-O chain to Silo network. The radicals from the dissociation of silicone oil molecule into the Ar plasma turns the plasma into a reactive environment. Therefore, the structural evolution of silicone oil liquid substrate and the reactive radicals in the plasma space become possible factors to affect the aggregation of nanopaxticles and also the structures and the compositions of nanopaxticles.

Solid- liquid phase separation and resource recycling study for waste rolling oily sludge

On the basis of the characteristics of a highly emulsified solid-liquid phase （fine particles, sticky consistency,black color, and low reuse ratio）, waste rolling oily sludge has been a focal problem in the steel industry. In this article, a solid-liquid phase separation and resource recycling process was described, with pilot test results showing that flocculation-sedimentation is an effective pretreatment, and that the filtration-coagulationvacuum distillation process is simple and feasible with a 53.5% recovery rate for regenerated oil that is qualified for return to the roiling production line. Then,solid phase oil-sludge was extracted by solvents with a 77% metal resource recovery rate and a wide utilization range. Finally, according to the experimental results, a set of feasibility plans for a 50 t/a waste rolling oily sludge solid-liquid separation and resource recycle project was designed, with the expectation of 50% regenerated oil yield, 70% solid metal resource recovery, and a 2. 5-year investment payback period.

Low gas-liquid ratio foam flooding for conventional heavy oil

The recovery of heavy oil by water flooding is 10% lower than that of conventional crude oil, so enhanced oil recovery （EOR） is of great significance for heavy oil. In this paper, foam flooding with a gas-liquid ratio （GLR） of 0.2：1 for the Zhuangxi heavy oil （325 mPa.s at 55 ℃） was performed on cores, sand packs and plate model. In sand pack tests, polymer enhanced foam flooding increased oil recovery by 39.8%, which was 11.4% higher than that for alkali/surfactant/polymer （ASP） flooding under the same conditions. Polymer enhanced foam flooding in plate models shows that the low GLR foam flooding increased oil recovery by about 30%, even when the extended water flooding was finished at 90% water cut. Moreover, it was discovered by microscopy that foam was more stable in heavy oil than in light oil. These results confirm that low GLR foam flooding is a promising technology for displacing conventional heavy oil.

SURFACE OIL FLOW TECHNIQUE AND LIQUID CRYSTAL THERMOGRAPHY FOR FLOW VISUALIZATION IN IMPULSE WIND TUNNELS

This paper describes flow visualization techniques employing surface oil flow and liquid crystal thermography suitable for use in impulse wind tunnels.High spatial resolution photographs of oil flow patterns and liquid crystal thermograms have been obtained within test times ranging from 7 to 500 ms and have been shown to be very useful for revealing the detailed features of 3-D separated flow.The results from oil flow patterns,liquid crystal thermograms,schlieren photographs and heat flux measurements are shown to be in good agreement.

Swelling/extraction test of Russian reservoir heavy oil by liquid carbon dioxide

The mass transfer between heavy oil and liquid carbon dioxide and the changes of the heavy phase(mixture of heavy oil and CO_2) and light phase(pure CO_2) in the mixture were tested in lab with heavy oil samples from Russia. The experimental results showed that the heavy oil hardly expanded when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 10%. When the concentration of carbon dioxide was higher than 26%, the volume of the heavy phase decreased, and the viscosity of the heavy phase increased exponentially as the light components extracted from the heavy oil exceeded the carbon dioxide saturated in the heavy oil. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, the effect of viscosity reducing to the heavy phase was the strongest. The density of the light and heavy phases, volume factor, and solubility of gas and flash viscosity of heavy phase all increased with the rise of carbon dioxide concentration in the mixture. The best concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, when the heavy oil expanded the most and the viscosity of the heavy phase was the lowest. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was between 10% and 26%, the volume of the light phase was the smallest and the oil displacement effect was the best.

Epoxidation of soybean oil with SO_3H-functional ionic liquid as catalyst

Green technology for the preparation of epoxidized soybean oil（ESBO） is of significance.The epoxidation of soybean oil with peroxyacetic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid as monomers and SO3H-functional ionic liquids 1-methyl-3-（3-sulfopropyl）-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate（／[C3SO3HMIM／]／[HSO4／]） as catalyst was studied.The influence of stirring speed,hydrogen peroxide-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio,acetic acid-to-ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio,catalyst loading and temperature on the relative percentage conversion to oxirane and the recycling properties of catalyst were examined.The rate constant and activation energy for epoxidation of soybean oil were found to be of the order of 10-5L/（mol·s） and 51.4kJ/mol,respectively.The thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy,entropy and free energy of activation were found to be of 48.6kJ/mol,-191.7J/（mol·K） and 112.2kJ/mol,respectively.

Clearing of the Radioactive Liquid Waste from Oils and Oil Products by UV-Radiation at NPPs

The basic methods of concentration and purification of liquid radioactive waste on the nuclear power plant are distillation and ionic exchange. During vaporization of oil waste products and the fulfilled washing solutions the part of oil passes into a condensate. Clearing of such condensate on ion-exchanged filters results to oiling of ion-exchanged materials and to decrease number of filter cycles. Due to the often regeneration of ion-exchanged filters additional volumes of waste products as the fulfilled reclaiming solutions, washing and loosening waters are formed. The attention of scientists was involved with methods of clearing of water environments from the organic substances, based on deep oxidizing transformations of hydrocarbons into carbonic gas and water. From processes of oxidation of hydrocarbons up to CO2 and H2O, sold at moderate conditions, our attention has involved photochemical oxidation with the help of UV-radiation.

高纯液氨中痕量油分检测方法

介绍了气体中油分检测的多种方法,比较了各方法的原理与适用范围。根据液氨中油分杂质的特性,提出了用总有机碳分析仪对痕量油分进行分析的新方法,该方法检出限为0.0015 mg/kg。液氨中有机碳为0.01~1.0 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为0.29%~4.40%,加标回收率为99.64%~107.14%,可以实现高纯液氨中痕量油分的准确定量。

井下油基泥浆电阻率和介电常数测量方法与测量探头设计

随着油气勘探的发展,油基泥浆应用越来越广泛,适用于油基泥浆环境的电成像仪器也获得了大量应用。油基泥浆电阻率与介电常数对电成像仪器的测量影响很大,需要利用探头附近油基泥浆电阻率和介电常数数据对成像测量结果进行补偿。介绍了一种实时测量井下油基泥浆电阻率与介电常数的方法及其探头的设计,利用发射电极、接收电极及充满在环形间隙的油基泥浆形成同轴圆柱电容器,建立油基泥浆电阻率与电容器等效电阻的定量关系及油基泥浆介电常数与电容的定量关系,从而确定油基泥浆电阻率与介电常数。该技术为补偿油基泥浆对电成像测量数据的影响提供了理论依据和技术支持。

T型管油水分离效率的正交数值试验研究

T型管广泛应用于油田的油水分离,影响其分离效率的因素较多。运用正交试验方法对T型管的管径、垂直管间距、垂直管数等三个几何参数和含油率、进口速度和分流比等三个操作参数共计6因素3水平设计了18组试验方案,并运用计算流体力学数值模拟方法对其进行了数值试验研究,结果表明:各因素对T型管分离效率的影响大小为垂直管数>垂直管间距>分流比>含油率>入口流速>管径。管径60 mm、垂直管数3、垂直管间距1000 mm、含油率40%、入口流速0.35 m/s、分流比0.4为T型管的最优结构组合,此时T型管的分离效率达到99.99%。分离效率随垂直管数、垂直管间距的增加先降低再升高,随分流比、含油率的增加先升高再降低。管径和入口速度对分离效率的影响较小,其大小可视需要而定。

两相流振荡流动特性的可视化实验研究

为了解决活塞内冷油腔中气液两相流的振荡传热问题,设计并搭建了由柴油机改装的往复振荡实验装置,利用高速摄像技术对内冷油腔实验件中气液两相流的振荡流动过程进行了可视化观测实验,分析在不同转速和液体填充率下实验件中气液两相流在起振阶段和充分振荡阶段的振荡流动形态。结果表明:在起振阶段,气液两相的分界面明显,没有强烈的湍流混合运动,在充分振荡阶段,液体的运动规律及流动形态呈周期性变化;转速主要影响气液两相流的湍流强度,填充率主要影响气液两相流的流动形态。研究结果揭示了内冷油腔中气液两相流的振荡流动规律,可为高强化活塞的结构优化设计提供参考。

塔河油田稠油井生产测井技术应用效果评价

通过对比塔河油田不同稠油井测量产液剖面时的稀稠比、测量时机、仪器组合,分析成败原因,最终总结出一套适合稠油井的生产测井施工优化方案,并在两口井的施工中实施,均取得合格生产测井数据。

基于QCM液体密度响应模型测量油品含水率研究

油田开发中一直存在高含水率和低含水率测量不准确的问题,新型可再生的生物柴油,同样需要控制含水率以保证热值和稳定性。文中提出一种基于石英晶体微天平(QCM)液体密度响应模型的油品含水率测量方法,通过5组标准甘油溶液进行模型验证,结果表明,实验值与理论值的误差小于5%,并且在低含水量和高含水量2种情况下,误差幅度小于1%。重复性实验验证了模型的有效性。现场测量实验结果证实了模型的适用性。

某型无人机起落架放下阶段缓冲器气液流动特性研究

在设计飞机油气混合型式的可收放起落架时,应充分考虑其内腔之间的介质流动特性。以某型无人机起落架缓冲器阻尼孔径、充油量为研究对象,采用单因素实验法对各因素引起的缓冲器内部气液流动变化进行分析,通过Fluent软件对放下阶段不同阻尼孔径、充油量下的缓冲器气液特性进行仿真计算。结果表明:起落架放下过程缓冲器阻尼孔油液流量只与孔径大小有关,不受缓冲器充油量影响;在该型号无人机要求的637 mL充油量下,缓冲器阻尼孔孔径应大于6 mm;对于其他型号起落架缓冲器,当确定了充油量后,应将满足放下阶段缓冲器气液充填作为缓冲器阻尼孔设计标准之一。