Long-term complications after liquid silicone injection:A case report and literature review

Liquid silicone injection for cosmetic purposes has a long and notorious history.However,reports of delayed and extensive lesions are rare.Here,we report a case of long-term complications after the use of liquid silicone materials for the correction of facial deformities.In this case,the complications of foreign body granulomas and unique silicone nodules lasting for more than 10 years were reported.Liquid silicone injection can induce delayed adverse reactions,which are difficult to treat.This case presents the successful surgical treatment of a mass injection of liquid silicone.The focus of treatment should be to remove the injected material and degenerated tissue as much as possible while protecting normal tissue and its function.Through open reconstructive surgery with an appropriate incision,postoperative scars can be hidden.Consequently,both functional and aesthetic outcomes can be achieved.

Capillary infiltration of liquid silicon in carbon nanotubes:A molecular dynamics simulation

In this work,by simplifying the nanopores of porous C/C preform with single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT)or double-walled carbon nanotubes(DWCNTs),the infiltration of liquid Si in the SWCNTs and DWCNTs was studied by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.As a result,a quantitative relationship between tube diameter and liquid Si infiltration rate was established,which has been successfully ap-plied to reproduce the available experiment result.The obtained relationship indicates that the capillary infiltration of liquid Si at the nanoscale still conforms to the classic Lucas-Washburn law,however,the liquid Si infiltration quickly stops in small tubes with a diameter of less than 3 nm due to an obvious contraction of the tube wall.This work may provide theoretical guidance for pore structure optimization of porous C/C preform to fabricate high-density C/SiC composites.

A case of mimicking angioedema： chin silicone granulomatous reaction spreading all over the face after receiving liquid silicone injection forty years previously

Liquid injectable silicone has been used for soft tissue augmentation for five decades. Many complications following liquid silicone injection have been reported. To diagnose and manage silicone granuloma remains difficult. Silicone granuloma must be diagnosed with the history of liquid silicone injection and the histology of tissue biopsy. We presented a case of granulomatous reaction after the injection of liquid silicone for chin augmentation forty years ago, causing total facial swelling, which mimicking angioedema initially. We administered methylprednisolone to the patient. Initial response to methylprednisolone was favorable.

Structural evolution of silicone oil liquid exposed to Ar plasma

Structure properties of silicone oil serving as a liquid substrate exposed to Ar plasma axe investigated in this paper. Under the action of energetic Ar ions, the surface of silicone oil liquid substrate exhibits a branch-like fractal aggregation structure, which is related to the structure evolution of silicone oil liquid from Si-O chain to Silo network. The radicals from the dissociation of silicone oil molecule into the Ar plasma turns the plasma into a reactive environment. Therefore, the structural evolution of silicone oil liquid substrate and the reactive radicals in the plasma space become possible factors to affect the aggregation of nanopaxticles and also the structures and the compositions of nanopaxticles.

Fabrication of 2D C_f/SiC Composites by Liquid Silicon Infiltration

The carbon/carbon(C/C) composite was prepared by repeatedly overlapping the layers of 2D carbon cloths, and the 2D C_f/SiC composites were subsequently prepared in vacuum by a liquid silicon infiltration process. The flexural strength of samples obtained under different preparation conditions was investigated. The results show that the composite has a better performance when the mass of silicon powder is 1.5 times greater than that of C/C composite, the temperature of silicon infiltration is 1550 ℃ and the holding time of silicon infiltration is 3 h. The density and flexural strength of the composite are 2.15 g/cm^3 and 128 MPa, respectively, and the thickness of the SiC layer is 12 μm.

Liquid Phase Sintering (LPS) and Dielectric Constant of α-Silicon Nitride Ceramic

The spark plasma sintering （SPS） was applied to prepare α-Si3 N4 ceramics of different densities with magnesia, silicon dioxide, alumina as the sintering aids. The mechanism of liquid phase sintering （LPS） wus discussed and the factors influencing the density of the prepared samples were analyzed. The dielectric constant of sintered samples was tested. The experimental results show that the density can be controlled from 2.48 g/ cm^3 to 3.09 g/ cm^3 while the content of the sintering aids and the sintering temperature alter and the dielectric constant is closely dependent on the density of obtained samples.

Surface Tension of Molten Silicon Deduced from Wetting Experiments

The accurate measurements of the surface tension for molten silicon are not easy to be carried out.The major problem comes from the fact that it is very difficult to avoid the contamination of silicon surface by oxygen arising from experimental atmosphere or from the starting materials.Indirect determination of this physical property for liquid silicon is thus of interests.In the present work,wetting experiments have per- formed for molten silicon on very pure and dense glassy carbon substratc at oxygen partial pressures well below and above the saturation limit of oxygen in the liquid metal.Analyses of the wetting results,together with the experimental results reported in the literature for the surface tension values of molten silicon,ena- ble the surface tension of pure and clean liquid silicon to bc deduced.

Time Sequential and Phase-resolved Measurement and Analysis of Corona Discharge in Air and Streamer Discharge in Insulating Liquid

Insulation is one of the most important parts in a high voltage equipment.There are gaseous,liquid and solid insulations which are commonly used.In a high voltage transformer for example the insulating materials are all used.During operation of a high voltage equipment high electric stress may occur.Under extreme condition failure of the insulation may take place.Excessive electric field in air may cause corona discharges while in liquid insulation discharges may take place in the form of streamer.This paper reports experimental results on the corona and streamer discharges in air and silicone oil.The discharges were artificially generated around a needle tip in a needle-plane electrode system with gap length of 4 mm under sinusoidal and triangular voltages.The needle was made of steel with tip radius of 3 μm and curvature angle of 30°.The needle was made by Ogura Jewelry.The discharge pulses were measured using personal-computer based partial discharge(PD)measurement system with sensitivity of better than 0.5 pC.The system is able to measure discharge in time sequential.Phase-resolved analysis of the discharges was done to interpret the physical processes behind the discharges.The experimental results showed that corona discharges took place at negative half cycles.The discharges were concentrated around 270° of phase angle of applied voltage.The discharge magnitude and discharge number of corona clearly dependent on the instantaneous of applied voltage.These were strongly supported by the application of triangular voltage.Streamer discharges occurred at both positive and negative half cycles.The discharges pulses concentrated around the peak of applied voltage at phase angle of 90° and 270°.Experimental results under sinusoidal and triangular voltages revealed that streamer discharge magnitude as well as probability of occurrence was strongly dependent on the instantaneous applied voltage.

Effect of Additives on the Sintering of Amorphous Nano-sized Silicon Nitride Powders

Amorphous nano-sized silicon nitride powders were sintered by liquid phase sintering. The influences of the additives of Y2O3 and Al2O3 prepared by two different ways, the polyacrylamide gel method and the precipitation method, were investigated. The grain sizes of the additives prepared by the first method were finer than those of prepared by the latter method. When sintered at the same temperature, 1700 ℃, the average grain size of the silicon nitride is 0.3 um for the sample with the former additives, which is much finer than the one with the latter additives. The density of additives prepared by precipitation method is clearly lower than those of prepared by polyacrylamide gel method.

Effects of CaO and Na2CO3 on the Reduction of High Silicon Iron Ores

The effects of CaO and Na2CO3 on the reduction of high silicon iron ores at 1 250 ℃ were studied. The experimental results showed that the metallization rate was significantly hindered by the addition of CaO and Na2CO3, particularly at the early stage of roasting, compared to the rate without additives. In the absence of additives, iron oxides were quickly reduced to metallic iron, and fayalite was difficult to form. When CaO and Na2CO3 were added, the low reducible iron-containing silicate compounds formed and melted, subsequently retarding the metallization process. The inhibition of Na2CO3 was more noticeable than that of CaO, and higher Na2CO3 doses resulted in stronger inhibition of the increased metallization rate. However, when Na2CO3 was added prior to CaO, the liquid phase formed, which facilitated the growth of the metallic phase. To reinforce the separation of the metallic phase and slag, an appropriate amount of liquid phase generated during the reduction is necessary. It was shown that when 10% CaO and 10% Na2CO3 were added, a high metallization rate and larger metallic iron particles were obtained, thus further decreasing the required Na2CO3 dosage.

Wettability of Monocrystalline Silicon Carbide by Molten Metals and Binary Metal－Silicon Alloys

The wettability of monocrystalline silicon carbide by liquid metals (Au , Ge, Ag , Sn and Cu) and binarymetal-silicon (Ag-Si and Sn-Si) alloys was investigated between their melting points and 1430℃ with the ses-sile drop method in argon with an extremely low oxygen partial pressure. For Au and Ge on SiC, the contactangles exhibited a weak temperature dependence. Under the same experimental conditions, however, complexwetting behaviours were observed for Ag , Sn and Cu on SiC , which could be attributed to the chemical reactivi-ties between the metals and the ceramic.Additional experirnents were also performed for binary Ag-Si and Sn-Si alloys on the same SiC substratesunder the same experimental conditions. The obtained coiitact angle isotherms for the two binary alloy/SiC sys-tems were discussed and interpreted by using a statistical thermedynamics mixlel.

Dynamic study in partial transient liquid phase bonding of Si_3N_4

Dynamics in partial transient liquid phase bonding (PTLP bonding) of Si_3N_4 ceramic with Ti/Cu/Ti multi-interlayer was systematically studied through micro-analysis of joint interfaces. The results show that growth of reaction layer and isothermal solidification procession do at the same time. Growth of reaction layer and moving of isothermal solidification interface obey the parabolic law governed by the diffusion of participating elements during the PTLP bonding. Coordination of the above two dynamics process is done through time and temperature. When reaction layer thickness is suitable and isothermal solidification process is finished, the high bonding strength at room temperature and high temperature are obtained.

Oxygen Incorporation in Czochralski Growth of Silicon under a Horizontal Magnetic Field

A mechanism of oxygen transportation in Czochralski growth of silicon crystals under a horizontal magnetic field (HMCZ) is proposed. Oxygen depleted surface melt, driven to the growth interface by the thermal Marangoni flow, determines oxygen concentration in the grown crystals. Systematic study was carried out to investigate effects of growth parameters on oxygen incorporation into crystals.

Measurement Method of Compressibility and Thermal Expansion Coefficients for Density Standard Liquid at 2329 kg/m^3 based on Hydrostatic Suspension Principle

The accurate measurement on the compressibility and thermal expansion coefficients of density standard liquid at 2329kg/m3（DSL-2329） plays an important role in the quality control for silicon single crystal manufacturing. A new method is developed based on hydrostatic suspension principle in order to determine the two coefficients with high measurement accuracy. Two silicon single crystal samples with known density are immersed into a sealed vessel full of DSL-2329. The density of liquid is adjusted with varying liquid temperature and static pressure, so that the hydrostatic suspension of two silicon single crystal samples is achieved. The compression and thermal expansion coefficients are then calculated by using the data of temperature and static pressure at the suspension state. One silicon single crystal sample can be suspended at different state, as long as the liquid temperature and static pressure function linearly according to a certain mathematical relationship. A hydrostatic suspension experimental system is devised with the maximal temperature control error ±50 μK; Silicon single crystal samples can be suspended by adapting the pressure following the PID method. By using the method based on hydrostatic suspension principle, the two key coefficients can be measured at the same time, and measurement precision can be improved due to avoiding the influence of liquid surface tension. This method was further validated experimentally, where the mixture of 1, 2, 3-tribromopropane and 1,2-dibromoethane is used as DSL-2329. The compressibility and thermal expansion coefficients were measured, as 8.5′10–4 K–1 and 5.4′10–10 Pa–1, respectively.

加成型液体硅橡胶的研究及应用进展

加成型液体硅橡胶(ALSR)是硅氢加成反应在硅橡胶固化交联领域中的一个重要应用。因为是加成交联,ALSR在固化过程中不产生副产物,收缩率极小,能深层固化且对接触的材料无腐蚀,所以加工成型时无气泡、砂眼,尺寸稳定,具有优良的耐热冲击性能,在诸多领域有着重要应用价值。本文首先简述了ALSR的基本组成与固化机理,然后以性能为切入点综述了近年来ALSR在机械、导热、粘结和阻燃等性能方面的研究进展,以及在电子电气、医疗、3D打印、光学和汽车领域的应用,最后提出高性能、多功能、复合化和先进加工是未来ALSR的发展方向。

正交试验法优化铂催化液体硅橡胶导电发泡材料

液体硅橡胶(LSR)除了具有硅橡胶的优势,还具有良好的流动性,易于加工,绝缘性限制了其在电子领域的应用。目前已有许多导电固体硅橡胶的研究,但国内关于导电LSR的研究较少,且都有一些共性问题,比如导电填料过多、硬度太高、密度过大等。为了降低铂催化LSR的导电填料添加量,并降低其密度和硬度,采用乙炔炭黑(CB)作为导电填料并将材料进行发泡,制备LSR导电发泡材料。但是,铂催化LSR还有无法使用常规含氮有机发泡剂以避免铂中毒的问题,因此需要采用其他发泡方法。因而采用羟基硅油(Si-OH)和水作为化学及物理发泡剂,蒙脱土(MMT)作为补强剂,为了得到综合性能良好的硅橡胶导电发泡材料,利用正交试验法,并进行单因素方差分析,研究了Si-OH,CB,MMT和水对材料发泡和力学性能及电导率的影响。结果表明,正交试验法可快速得到CB/LSR导电发泡最优配比:当LSR质量分数为56.1%,Si-OH为28.1%,CB为7%,MMT的质量分数为5.3%,水的质量分数为3.5%时,制备的发泡材料电导率为3.36×10^(-6)S/m,液体硅橡胶比纯LSR提高了9个数量级,密度为0.67 g/cm^(3),相比纯LSR降低了43%,邵C硬度为36,比纯LSR降低了33%。

液态金属/硅橡胶复合材料的应用研究进展

综述了三种功能化液态金属/硅橡胶复合材料包括导热复合材料、电磁屏蔽复合材料和柔性导电复合材料,介绍了复合材料的制备方法以及导热、导电、电磁屏蔽和力学性能,阐述了该复合材料在柔性导热界面材料、电磁屏蔽系统和可穿戴电子产品等方面的应用,并展望了其发展方向。

外绝缘用高温硫化硅橡胶和液态硅橡胶性能比较

高温硫化(HTV)硅橡胶绝缘子和液态硅橡胶(LSR)绝缘子广泛应用于电力系统输电线路上。为比较典型配方下外绝缘用HTV硅橡胶和LSR材料的性能差异,对二者的力学性能、电气性能、憎水性进行研究。结果表明:LSR相比于HTV硅橡胶具有更好的力学性能和电气性能;HTV硅橡胶和LSR的初始憎水特性相差不大;LSR的结晶温度低于HTV硅橡胶,热稳定性高于HTV硅橡胶,说明LSR更适于在低温或者高温户外环境中运行。

C18键合硅胶微球的制备及色谱分离性能

目的:制备出中位径为12μm的C18-SiO_(2)微球,并应用在色谱柱填料中,研究了影响微球形貌的制备因素及影响其液相分离的条件,获得制备C18-SiO_(2)微球的制备条件及影响其液相分离的条件。方法:以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,盐酸(HCl)为催化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(C_(18)H_(29)NaO_(3)S)为表面活性剂,利用聚合诱导胶体凝聚法(PICA)合成介孔SiO_(2)微球,研究制备工艺(反应温度、pH值及甲醛和尿素的摩尔比N)对SiO_(2)微球大小形貌的影响规律,优化制备条件,制备出中位径为12μm SiO_(2)微球,经十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷(C_(21)H_(46)O_(3)Si)修饰后制备出C18-SiO_(2)微球,并用应用于高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱的填料,研究其对复合氨基酸的分离条件。结果:获得了中位径为12μm的C18-SiO_(2)微球的制备条件及液相分离条件。结论:利用PICA法成功制备了中位径为12μm的C18-SiO_(2)微球,粒径分布窄(D_(90)/D_(10)=1.63),介孔直径为10 nm,比表面积为236.38 m^(2)/g;在适宜的流动相和洗脱强度条件下,C18-SiO_(2)微球能够对复合氨基酸谷丙甘氨酸进行较快地分离,分离度均大于1.5。

浅析光伏组件接线盒灌封胶气泡成因及解决思路

通过对存在固化气泡的不良光伏组件接线盒进行整体的剖切研究,梳理出3种类型的气泡及其产生机理。通过调整灌封胶的物理特性,设计对照实验,找到彻底解决灌封胶气泡的方法。实验结果表明:通过延长搅拌时间、提高搅拌速度、填料加热处理3种物理方式,可有效降低灌封胶粘度,提高流平性能;可有效降低小体积接线盒灌胶后产生气泡的概率。在提升灌封胶流平性方面,提高搅拌速度可提升5.4%,延长搅拌时间可提高10.1%,预加热叠加提高搅拌速度和延长搅拌时间可提高15.5%。