Corrosion Behavior of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Ferritic Alloys in Liquid Sodium

Corrosion behavior of four oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS) ferritic alloys exposed in thermal convective liquid sodium loop for 4 000 h was examined.Surface observation results reveal that coral-like surfaces with deposit initially formed on surfaces of all exposed specimens.In tested alloy S2,χ-phase precipitated in specimen center,and a depleted χ- phase zone formed near the specimen surface.There is a transition area between the surface and center.In the other tested alloys,no notable change on microstructure was observed.Grain boundary attack was not found in any of the tested specimens.Tensile test results indicate that sodium corrosion of the four ODS ferritic alloys for 3 000 h had no notable effect on their tensile properties.

Determination of solubility of uranium in liquid sodium

An experimental technique has been developed which overcomes the two major problems common to liquid metal solubility measurements,namely,maintaining the integrity of the samples during transfer of the liquid sodium from container to whatever device is used for analysis and detecting solute at very low concentration in liquid sodium.The solubility of uranium in liquid sodium has been measured over the temperature range 150～400℃,by equilibration and sampling technique,the solubility of uranium is approximately 0.00001%.

MD Simulated Microstructure of Liquid Sodium Alloyed with Lead

The results of molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation are obtained for structural and thermodynamic properties of the molten system, Na1-xPbx (x ≤ 0.1), at 698 K in the model of nearly free electronic gas (NFE approximation). The all numerical experiments are carried out by unified procedure: 1) equilibrating the MD cell 1 ps;2) calculating partial radial distribution functions gab(r) in 1, 5, and 10 ps;3) data handling for calculating other characteristics. It follows from this that lead impurity in liquid sodium at concentration in the range of 1% - 10% is characterized by micro-heterogenetic structure in the form of cluster compounds with variable composition. Just therefore the sodium alloys, Na-MIV, with four-group elements of Periodic table have no eutectic in this range of additive concentrations. This eutectic is needed for modifying sodium coolant of the fast nuclear reactor. Therefore it is reasonable to find an alternative alloy of sodium with additive from adjacent groups which has a eutectic in this range of concentrations, for example, the eutectic, Na0.929Tl0.071, with melting point of 64°C. The modified sodium coolant by isotope, 205Tl, can appear attractive for inhibiting the chemical activity of sodium just as the lead alloyed one.

Turbulent Transport Coefficients in Turbulent Flows of Liquid Sodium

The direct measurements of turbulent viscosity and effective magnetic diffusivity in turbulent flow of electro-conductive fluids under moderate magnetic Reynolds number,i.e.,1<Rm<Rm*,where Rm* denotes the dynamo threshold,are reported.The measurements are performed in a nonstationary turbulent flow of liquid sodium,generated in a closed toroidal channel.The peak level of the Reynolds number reached 3 000 000,which corresponds to magnetic Reynolds number about 30.

A Study of the Velocity Field of Liquid Sodium in a Toroidal Channel

The velocity field of liquid sodium in a toroidal channel is studied.Velocity measurements are made using the magnetic induction method.The proposed technique involves two steps:an external alternating magnetic field of certain frequency is induced in the channel;then the measurements of the resulting magnetic field are used to reconstruct the velocity profile.

Efficient and Eco-friendly Process for the Synthesis of Bi(indolyl)methanes Catalyzed by Sodium Hydrogensulfate Monohydrate in Ionic Liquid n-Butylpyridinium Tetrafluoroborate

Efficient electrophilic substitution reaction of indoles with various aromatic aldehydes were carried out with a catalytic amount of sodium hydrogensulfate monohydrate （NaHSO4·H20） in ionic liquid n-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[Bpy]BF4） to afford the corresponding bi（indolyl）methanes in excellent yields. The notable advantages of this protocol in terms of low cost of catalyst and ionic liquid, mild conditions, simple operation, short reaction time, high yields and recycling of the ionic liquid.

基于“肾主水”探讨AVP-V2R-AQP2轴与肾病阴虚水肿的关系

肾病阴虚水肿常见于肾脏病中、后期患者,有着难治性、顽固性的特点,并且随着病情进展、利尿药物的应用而逐渐加重,临床关注度低,治疗措施有限,治疗效果不佳。血管升压素(AVP)-加压素受体2(V2R)-水通道蛋白2(AQP2)轴是机体调节水盐平衡的关键通路,且与肾脏排泄钠失常直接相关。根据中医“象”思维,认为“肾主水”理论推导的肾病阴虚水肿发病机制与AVP-VR2-AQP2轴导致肾病阴虚水肿相类似。故本文将基于“肾主水”理论,结合王悦芬教授临床经验,从中、西医不同的角度及运用中医药调控AVP-VR2-AQP2轴治疗肾病阴虚水肿等方面,深入探讨“肾主水”、AVP-V2R-AQP2轴、肾病阴虚水肿三者之间的联系,进一步认识“肾主水”机制,探讨AQP2作为肾病阴虚水肿新型生物标志物的可能,为肾病阴虚水肿的治疗提供新思路,为中医药现代化研究提供可靠依据。

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠在液体洗涤剂中的应用研究

通过部分取代脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐(AES)和直链烷基苯磺酸(LAS),考察了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠(MES)对液体洗涤剂的影响。结果表明:MES在液体洗涤剂中等量替代AES/LAS的占比超过3%时,洗涤剂体系稳定性受到影响,在低温下变得浑浊;在衣用料体洗涤剂中,用2%的MES等量替代LAS后,对蛋白污布(JB02)的去污力起到较强的增效作用,由1.8提升至2.7;在餐具洗涤剂中,用2%的MES等量替代LAS或AES时,去污力可由1.2提升至1.4。MES等量替代LAS会使液体洗涤剂的洗泡沫性能得到改善,在餐具洗涤剂和衣用料体洗涤剂中都能使泡沫量增加15 mm,可以少量应用于液体洗涤剂中。

Study of borohydride ionic liquids as hydrogen storage materials

Stability of borohydrides is determined by the localization of the negative charge on the boron atom.Ionic liquids(ILs) allow to modify the stability of the borohydrides and promote new dehydrogenation pathways with a lower activation energy. The combination of borohydride and IL is very easy to realize and no expensive rare earth metals are required. The composite of the ILs with complex hydrides decreases the enthalpy and activation energy for the hydrogen desorption. The Coulomb interaction between borohydride and IL leads to a destabilization of the materials with a significantly lower enthalpy for hydrogen desorption. Here, we report a simple ion exchange reaction using various ILs, such as vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride([VBTMA][Cl]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([bmim][Cl]), and 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide([EMPY][Br]) with NaBH4 to decrease the hydrogen desorption temperature. Dehydrogenation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium borohydride([bmim][BH4]) starts below 100℃. The quantity of desorbed hydrogen ranges between 2.4 wt% and 2.9 wt%, which is close to the theoretical content of hydrogen. The improvement in dehydrogenation is due to the strong amine cation that destabilizes borohydride by charge transfer.

Ambient Ionic Liquids Used in the Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones

The sodium borohydride reduction of aldehydes and ketones to corresponding alcohols has been accomplished via the use of ionic liquids. The alcohols are easily obtained with excellent yields and the ionic liquid BMImBF4 could be reused.

Activation of Jordanian Ore Bentonite by Sodium Carbonates

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan has a large reserve of raw Bentonite in the area of Ain Al-Baida at Basin of Al-Azraq city that has not activated yet to become valid as drilling mud. The Ore Ain AL-Baida Bentonite was investigated and activated by Na2CO3. The products were investigated by chemical analysis, X-Ray Diffraction, rheological properties and free swelling index with clay fraction. It was observed that the activities clay ranged between 0.98 < AC < 1.48 medium to high content of clay minerals. In addition, it was determined the Atterberg limits, the results of plasticity chart and relation between index and clay fraction. This means that the amount of the attracted water will be suitable influenced by the clay that is present in Ore Ain Al-Baida bentonite. The liquid limit was ranged between 83% to 140%, and plastic limit ranged between 39% - 48%. Also, rheological properties (apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity), gel strength, yield point, filtrate loss. These properties have been compared with those standard specifications properties required for the drilling fluid in order to know the appropriate circumstances to activate the Bentonite ore of Ain Al Baida at Azraq basin to become close to the standard specifications required for the drilling fluids, the ratio between Y.P/P.V was ranged 0.88 to 1.21, it is meant that the behavior of drilling fluids confirms the Bingham plastic and power-law rheological models using fine grinding of bentonite mixture with 3% - 6% concentration of sodium carbonate powder.

Synthesis of bis-ANS fluorescence probe in ionic liquids

A new application of ionic liquids in the preparation of fluorescence probe 5,51-bis-8-phenylamino-l-naphthylsulfonate （bisANS） is represented. The method for the preparation of fluorescence probe bis-ANS in alkyl imidazolium cationic liquids under acidic conditions is described. The effects on reaction yields under different concentration of sodium nitrite and different ionic liquid were studied and good yields were achieved.

Supercooled liquids analogous fractional Stokes–Einstein relation in NaCl solution above room temperature

The Stokes–Einstein relation D^T/η and its two variants D~τ-1 and D^T/τ follow a fractional form in supercooled liquids, where D is the diffusion constant, T the temperature,η the shear viscosity, and τ the structural relaxation time.The fractional Stokes–Einstein relation is proposed to result from the dynamic heterogeneity of supercooled liquids.In this work, by performing molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the analogous fractional form also exists in sodium chloride(NaCl) solutions above room temperature.D~τ-1 takes a fractional form within 300–800 K;a crossover is observed in both D^T/τ and D^T/η.Both D^T/τ and D^T/η are valid below the crossover temperature Tx,but take a fractional form for T > Tx.Our results indicate that the fractional Stokes–Einstein relation not only exists in supercooled liquids but also exists in NaCl solutions at high enough temperatures far away from the glass transition point.We propose that D^T/η and its two variants should be critically evaluated to test the validity of the Stokes–Einstein relation.

离子液体在电极材料制备中的应用研究进展

离子液体因具有种类丰富、结构可设计性强、表面张力小等特点,在电极材料制备中表现出独特的性质.围绕着离子液体作为绿色溶剂在电极材料制备方面的优势及作用,综述了其在电极材料设计与构筑方面的研究进展及相关电极材料在锂离子电池、钠离子电池和超级电容器中的应用.

Removal of Sodium from Seawater Medium Using Photosynthetic Bacteria

The removal of sodium (Na) from seawater using two photosynthetic bacteria was investigated using Rhodobacter sphaeroides SSI (SSI) and Rhodovulum sp. which is a marine photosynthetic bacterium. Both Rhodovulum sp. and acclimated SSI were shown to grow well in a 3% NaCl supplemented glutamate-malate medium. The maximum rate of Na removal was 39.3% by SSI and 64.9% by Rhodovulum sp. after two days cultivation under static light conditions. However, Na was re-released back into the medium after two to three days. When a nutrient-supplemented seawater medium (3.3% NaCl, 13.10 gNa/l) was used, the maximum Na removal rates were 30.3% (9.05 gNa/l) by SSI and 48.9% (6.69 gNa/l) by Rhodovulum sp., under static light conditions. Similar growth and Na removal rates were found under aerobic dark cultivation. In this case, no re-release of Na was observed with either bacterium. Two stages culturing was conducted first, with Rhodovulum sp. and then with SSI replacement. The Na concentration was reduced to 0.79 gNa/l (94.0% removal) after cultivation for eight days under aerobic darkconditions. The supernatant was applied successfully as a liquid fertilizer in the cultivation of Japanese radish.

模拟胃液结合液质联用研究紫苏对内源性亚硝胺的阻断作用

为研究蔬菜对亚硝胺的阻断效果,在模拟胃液环境下结合液质联用,研究紫苏提取液对内源性亚硝胺的阻断作用。结果表明,在模拟胃液环境下加入紫苏液与亚硝酸钠,亚硝酸钠清除率可达10.4%。加入紫苏液、亚硝酸钠和二乙胺进行液相色谱质谱检测,空白样品和添加紫苏的样品中二乙基亚硝胺生成量分别为0.2、0.1 ng/mL,抑制率达到50%。添加紫苏的膳食中N-亚硝基二甲基(NDMA)、N-亚硝基二乙基(NDEA)、N-亚硝基二丁基(NDBA)、N-亚硝基吡咯烷(NPYR)含量显著降低。NDMA、NDEA在空白膳食中含量均为0.2 ng/g,紫苏试验组均未检出。NDBA空白对照为0.4 ng/g,紫苏试验组为0.2 ng/g,抑制率为50%;NPYR空白对照为8.6 ng/g,紫苏试验组为4.9 ng/g,抑制率为43%。因此,紫苏对内源性亚硝胺有明显的阻断作用。

人工胶体液和晶体液感染性休克液体复苏对比研究

目的回顾性对比分析人工胶体液和晶体液在容量反应性感染性休克患者液体复苏的疗效及不良反应。方法选取2013年1月至2020年6月于我院ICU住院138例脓毒症伴感染性休克患者。分为羟乙基淀粉氯化钠扩容(A)组和复方氯化钠注射液扩容(B)组。比较两组治疗72小时后,电解质、肌酐、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、动脉血气分析、PICCO血流动力学监测心脏指数(CI)、心搏指数(SVI)、血管外肺水(EVLW)、肺血管通透性指数(PVPI)、全心舒张末容积指数(GEDI)、中心静脉压(CVP)、水肿情况。结果A组GEDI较B组增加,A组肌酐、乳酸、EVLW、PVPI、水肿较B组少,剩余碱较B组更高,电解质、APTT、PT、CI、SVI、CVP两组没有显著差异。结论感染性休克患者液体复苏,使用羟乙基淀粉氯化钠扩容较晶体液显著改善循环血容量,减少毛细血管渗漏、血管外肺水,减少水肿发生及肾损害,更能显著改善代酸和降低乳酸水平,不增加对凝血功能、电解质及心功能影响。

模拟胃液环境下谷维素清除亚硝酸钠及阻断亚硝胺的作用

为降低人体内亚硝胺类化合物含量,采用模拟胃液结合液质联用的方法研究谷维素清除亚硝酸钠及阻断亚硝胺的作用。结果表明:在模拟胃液条件下,谷维素能有效清除亚硝酸钠,且亚硝酸钠的清除率与谷维素液添加量呈正相关关系;在膳食样品中添加谷维素能有效降低N-亚硝基-N-乙基苯胺、N-亚硝基二乙基胺、N-亚硝基吡咯烷的含量,其阻断率分别为100%、100%和24.4%。谷维素在模拟胃液条件下能通过降低亚硝酸钠含量减少内源性亚硝胺合成的反应底物,从而阻断亚硝胺的合成。

聚钨酸钠重液在煤炭浮沉中的研究与应用

针对传统煤炭浮沉的氯化锌(ZnCl_(2))重液出现的“用量大、腐蚀性强、毒性大”等突出问题,提出了一种安全、无毒、易配置、稳定性强、浮沉分选效果好的可用于煤炭浮沉的新型无机重液。研究发现,常温下聚钨酸钠重液密度受金属离子浓度、重液黏度变化影响较小。浮沉结果表明,当以聚钨酸钠作为重液时,密度级大于1.8 g/cm^(3)的产品灰分高于ZnCl_(2)重液,其低密度重液环境下的浮沉累计产率高于ZnCl_(2)重液。聚钨酸钠浮沉后产品形貌和元素分布进一步说明聚钨酸钠重液效果明显。这些研究为新型环保药剂替代ZnCl_(2)重液用于煤炭浮沉提供了理论依据。