Increasing Liquid Yield and Diesel Fraction in Delayed Coking Process: Mechanism of Liquid Formation

与不同特征的二剩余油的热升级在实验室规模被学习连续推迟的 coking 单位。目标是在液体产量和产品分发上调查象温度，反应时间和添加剂那样的进程变量的影响。73% 的最大的液体收益与商业单位与 69% 相比被完成。这收益甚至在添加剂的效果下面被增加到 75% 。由模仿的真空蒸馏的液体油的分别为商业单位显示出柴油机(46.9%) 的高收益，与 28% 相比。

化肥减量配施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄产量和品质的影响

为探讨增施鱼蛋白有机液肥替代化肥的效果,以每667m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥5.0kg为对照,设置每667 m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥3.5 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥0.5kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0L这3个化肥减量处理,比较分析化肥减量增施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄生长、产量和果实性状及可溶性固形物含量的影响。结果表明:在每667m^(2)施用5.0L鱼蛋白有机液肥的情况下,减少水溶肥用量会降低番茄的株高、叶长和叶宽,但促进了茎粗、果实纵横径的生长,其中不同处理的果实纵径差异不显著,果形指数和可溶性固形物含量随水溶肥用量的减少先升高再降低,以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥3.5 kg和2.0 kg的果形指数最大,但与其他处理没有显著差异。不同处理的平均单穗坐果数没有显著差异,单果质量和果实纵横径的变化趋势一致,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥0.5 kg的小区产量最大。因此,在追求产量的情况下,果实膨大至采收前以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥+0.5 kg鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比最适合生产;如果追求品质,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比有利于生产,比对照果实可溶性固形物含量可提高5.8%,667 m^(2)产量提高17.2%。

有机液体肥对棉花冠层特征、产量和品质的影响

【目的】研究有机液体肥对新疆南疆膜下滴灌棉花冠层特征、产量和品质的影响。【方法】选用塔河2号为参试品种,以单施化肥棉田为对照(CK),设置有机液体肥处理(T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)),测定并分析不同处理下株高、主茎叶片数、叶面积指数、叶倾角、产量和品质的变化。【结果】与CK相比,施用有机液体肥提高了棉花株高、主茎叶片数、叶面积指数、叶倾角与地上部生物量。当籽棉产量达到6000 kg/hm^(2)以上时,棉花株高、主茎叶片数、叶面积指数和叶倾角较CK分别增加1.3~10.3 cm、2.0~2.3片、1.7~2.9、5.6~9.3°,营养和生殖器官干物质重较CK分别增加了1.3~25.7和0.1~44.5 g/株。且当籽棉产量超过6000 kg/hm^(2)时,籽棉产量、单铃重、总铃数较CK分别增加了17.2%~31.9%、15.5%~28.8%和3.5%~10.1%。此外,与CK相比,施用有机液体肥还提高了棉花上半部纤维平均长度、整齐度和断裂比强度。【结论】与单施化肥相比,施用有机液体肥能够改善棉花冠层结构,促进干物质积累,增产提质,且成本低,易操作,适合新疆南疆棉区推广应用。

超声波辅助棕榈油分提工艺研究

为提升棕榈油分提工艺,采用超声波对结晶罐中的油液进行辅助处理。以分提所得低度液油碘值为指标,研究超声时间、超声时油脂的结晶时间、超声频率、超声功率对分提工艺的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上设计正交试验方案。结果表明,超声波辅助分提最佳设置条件为超声处理时间10 min、超声结晶时间600 min、超声频率28 kHz和超声功率400 W。同时对所得低熔点棕榈液油进行了品质测定,结果显示,超声处理并不会改变所得液油的品质。优化的超声工艺条件加快了棕榈油冷却结晶的进程,缩短了工艺时间,增强了生产运行的稳定性,提升了液油产率,具有良好的应用前景。

稀土钢工业生产中稀土收得率影响因素分析

稀土钢工业化生产过程中涉及稀土收得率问题,稳定的收得率是稀土钢产品性能稳定的重要保证。通过钢包添加稀土、中间包取样分析,研究了添加工位、添加量和钢液成分(氧活度、硫含量)对稀土钢稀土收得率的影响。结果表明,在钢包、中间包、结晶器添加稀土,稀土收得率依次提高;在LF钢包离位前添加稀土合金,添加量越大,收得率越低;钢液中氧、硫含量越高,稀土收得率越低。

微波辅助低液固比水剂法提取青梅核仁油

探索青梅核仁油的新型提取方法对拓展该新资源油脂的用途具有重要意义。通过探究液固比(加入水的体积与固体质量的比值)、NaCl质量浓度(NaCl溶解在水中的质量与溶液总体积之比)、微波预处理的功率和时间对青梅核仁油提取率的影响;以有机溶剂提取法作为参照,研究微波辅助低液固比水剂法对青梅核仁油的提取率以及理化指标的影响。结果表明,在低液固比(mL∶g)0.14时青梅核仁油提取率最高,比高液固比(mL∶g)1(传统水剂法)时增加了21.28%;与无预处理相比,微波(420 W,80 s)预处理显著提高了青梅核仁油的提取率(增加了11.34%)。此外,与有机溶剂提取法相比,微波辅助低液固比水剂法获得的青梅核仁油具有更低的酸价(2.22 mg/g)、硫代巴比妥酸值(0.014 mg/kg)、过氧化值(0.17 mmol/kg)和更高的皂化价(179.82 mg/g);且这2种方法对青梅核仁油的脂肪酸组成、色泽和DPPH自由基清除率无显著差异。研究表明,微波辅助低液固比水剂法可以有效提取青梅核仁油,且提取率和油脂品质表现良好,这为提高青梅核仁的附加值打下了基础。

微生物发酵液对大白菜生长发育·产量及品质的影响

为验证微生物发酵液对大白菜生长发育、产量及品质的影响,采用灌根的方式,分别测定了微生物发酵液不同倍数稀释液对大白菜植株生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,施用微生物发酵液1 000倍稀释液灌根处理,能够显著增加大白菜株高、叶片数及叶绿素含量,其产量为97.07 t/hm^(2),较对照组增产17.06%,大白菜叶片可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量均显著升高。由此可知,微生物发酵液1 000倍稀释液灌根处理有助于大白菜生长发育,能够显著提高大白菜的产量和品质,具有开发作为微生物肥料的价值。

不同玉米品种产量及其构成因素差异分析

为深入探究施用液体配方肥条件下不同玉米品种产量的差异,本试验以MC670、农华101、农华5号和农华106为试验材料,对其产量及其构成因素进行分析。结果表明:农华5号表现最好,有效穗数最多、出苗率最高,分别为77820穗/hm2和98.50%,较其他品种增加1.33%~2.67%;籽粒含水量最低,为24.33%,较其他品种减少4.48%~11.20%;穗籽粒干重为199.00 g,较其他品种增加3.10%~12.61%;穗粒数为563粒,较农华101增加9.75%;百粒重为35.30 g,较其他品种增加2.38%~17.35%;产量最高,为15472.89 kg,较其他品种增加5.84%~14.59%。由此表明,农华5号可作为高产品种在当地推广种植。

减氮配施液体牛粪对辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响

探究减氮配施液体牛粪对辣椒提质增效的影响,筛选出最佳的配施比例,为实现牛粪资源的高效利用及减施化肥提供一点参考。磷钾肥施用量控制不变,试验共设7个处理(CK:不施氮肥;T1:单施液体牛粪;T2:施氮100%;T3:减氮15%+液体牛粪;T4:减氮30%+液体牛粪;T5:减氮45%+液体牛粪;T6:减氮60%+液体牛粪)研究减氮配施液体牛粪对辣椒产量、品质的影响。各处理与对照CK相比,辣椒的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽分别增加了5.1%~20.0%、0.8%~19.3%、10.2%~35.3%、10.4%~23.7%;单株鲜干重分别增加了7.1%~85.1%、10.3%~104.3%;产量增加了11.8~47.8%;维生素C、氨基酸、还原糖含量分别增加了4.0%~20.0%、4.9~79.7%、15.6%~109.3%;亚硝酸盐含量降低了60.5%~138.2%。综合比较各项检测指标,处理T4效果最佳,价值最大。配施液体牛粪适量减施氮肥能够促进辣椒植株的生长,提高辣椒的产量和品质,在配施液体牛粪(67.5 t·hm^(-2))的标准下,氮肥最佳的减施量为30%。

Hydrodynamic dispersion of reactive solute in a Hagen–Poiseuille flow of a layered liquid

An analysis of the solute dispersion in the liquid flowing through a pipe by means of Aris–Barton's ‘method of moments', under the joint effect of some finite yield stress and irreversible absorption into the wall is presented in this paper. The liquid is considered as a three-layer liquid where the center region is Casson liquid surrounded by Newtonian liquid layer. A significant change from previous modelling exercises in the study of hydrodynamic dispersion, different molecular diffusivity has been considered for the different region yet to be constant. For all time period, finite difference implicit scheme has been adopted to solve the integral moment equation arising from the unsteady convective diffusion equation. The purpose of the study is to find the dependency of solute transport coefficients on absorption parameter, yield stress, viscosity ratio, peripheral layer variation and in addition with various diffusivity coefficients in different liquid layers. This kind of study may be useful for understanding the dispersion process in the blood flow analysis.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE COPOLY (ρ-HYDR0XYBENZ0ATE/BISPHENOL A TEREPHTHALATE)

Various aspects of the rheological behaviour of liquid crystalline copolyesters, i.e.,samples of copoly (p-hydroxybenzoate / bisphenol A terephthalate), were explored by usingInstron capillary rheometer. The experimental results indicated that the apparent viscositywas affected significantly by shear rate, melt temperature and p-hydroxybenzoate unit con-tent. The flow activation energies △E_η are in the range of 205.1 to 74.5 kJ/mol, dependingon the shear rate of 10-1000 s^(-1), at temperature 568-603K. These copolyesters exhibit ayield phenomenon in the shear flow, and the values of yield stress decrease with increasingtemperature. It is quite unusual that the extrudate of the copolyester shows the smallerswelling ratio even than unity at the lower temperature and lower shear rates.

Application of in-house method for determinationof radium isotopes in environmental samples usingthe Liquid Scintillation counting technique

A method for determination of 226Ra and 228Ra in environmental samples using the α-β coincidence liquid scintillation counting (LSC) has been developed. Radium were preconcentrated from environmental samples by coprecipitation with BaSO4, then purified from others radionuclide interferences using the cation column exchange (Bio-Rad AG 50 W-X4 resin with 200-400 mesh size and H+ form) and operating in warm temperature which is between 70-80oC. Then, the Ba(Ra)SO4 precipitate was filtered through the Millipore filter paper, dried and weighed to calculate chemical yield. The activity concentration of radium isotopes in mixture of liquid scintillation cocktails were measured using LSC after being stored for over 21 days to allow the growth of the progeny nuclides. The method has been validated with a certi-fied reference material supplied by the International Atomic Energy Agency and reliable results were obtained. The radiochemical yields for radium were 59% - 90% and recovery was 97% and 80% for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively. Sixteen seawater and fish flesh samples collected in Kapar coastal water have been analyzed with the developed method. The obtained radium activity concentrations in seawater were in the range of 02.08 ± 0.82 mBq/L to 3.69 ± 1.29 mBq/L for 226Ra and 6.01 ± 3.05 mBq/L to 17.07 ± 6.62 mBq/L for 228Ra. Meanwhile, the activity concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra in fish flesh were in the range of 11.82 ± 5.23 – 16.53 ± 6.53 Bq/kg dry wt. and 43.52 ± 16.34 – 53.57 ± 19.86 Bq/kg dry wt., respectively.

Synthesis of bis-ANS fluorescence probe in ionic liquids

在荧光探查 5,5 &#x2032 的准备的离子的液体的新应用； -bis-8-phenylamino-1-naphthylsulfonate (二度 -- ANS ) 被代表。为荧光探查二度的准备的方法 -- 在烷基 imidazolium 猫的 ANS 在酸的条件下面的离子的液体被描述。在钠亚硝酸根和不同离子的液体的不同集中下面的反应收益上的效果被学习，好收益被完成。

牦牛血氨基酸液体肥对菠菜生长的影响

为合理利用牦牛血,提高牦牛综合利用价值,实现屠宰废弃血液氨基酸液体肥的工业化生产,通过大棚种植菠菜,从促进生长、增加产量、提高农产品品质3个方面评价牦牛血氨基酸液体肥的效果。以大棚种植菠菜为对象,在种植过程中监控作物叶长、叶宽、株高、根长、茎粗等生长指标;作物成熟时检测作物叶面积、鲜重、干重增产指标;同时检测硝酸盐、维生素C、叶绿素、黄酮等品质指标。通过对比牦牛血氨基酸液体肥、商品氨基酸肥、化肥、有机肥在菠菜中的追肥效果,对牦牛血氨基酸液体肥肥效作出评价。结果表明,生长方面,YBAAF促进茎粗效果显著;增产方面,AAF组效果最佳;品质方面,YBAAF处理提高了作物部分活性物质,但硝酸盐含量在5种处理中最高,维生素C含量也均高于其他组。对作物影响总体而言,施肥组优于对照组,有机肥优于化肥组,有机肥组之间,市售氨基酸液体肥最佳,牦牛血液酶解氨基酸肥略低,但与农家肥差异不显著。

Recent progress of nuclear liquid gas phase transition

Recent progress on nuclear liquid gas phase transition (LGPT) has been reviewed, especially for the signals of LGPT in heavy ion collisions. These signals include the power-law charge distribution, cluster emission rate, nuclear Zipf law, bimodality, the largest fluctuation of the fragments, Δ-scaling, caloric curve, phase coexis- tence diagram, critical temperature, critical exponent analysis, negative specific heat capacity and spinodal instability etc. The systematic works of the authors on experimental and theoretical LGPT are also introduced.

Mechanism from particle compaction to fluidization of liquid–solid two-phase flow

A new model of particle yield stress including cohesive strength is proposed,which considers the friction and cohesive strength between particles.A calculation method for the fluidization process of liquid–solid two-phase flow in compact packing state is given,and the simulation and experimental studies of fluidization process are carried out by taking the sand–water two-phase flow in the jet dredging system as an example,and the calculation method is verified.

Investigation of Yield Regulation of Red Grapes on the Concentration of Some Crucial Wine Components

An essential concept of making quality wine is that the quality comes from the vineyard. The dissolved materials and components determine the value of wine. Their amount and proportion are essentially influenced by grape variety, terroir, the way of cultivation, weather conditions, grape quality, the time of vintage and the method of grape and wine processing. In the present study the effect on wine quality of different ways of yield regulations was examined in wines of three consecutive years. Besides basic parameters, total polyphenol and resveratrol contents were determined in wines of Blaufr?nkisch and Merlot varieties. Our measurements were carried out by spectrophotometry, gas and liquid chromatography. Our investigations confirmed that yield regulation led to increased extract content and outstanding quality of the produced wine.

有机液体肥替代部分化肥对滴灌棉花产量和品质的影响

【目的】探明有机液体肥替代部分化肥对膜下滴灌棉花生长特性、产量及品质的影响。【方法】于2021—2022年进行田间小区试验,设单施常规化肥(纯N 330 kg/hm^(2)、P2O5180 kg/hm^(2)、K2O 120 kg/hm^(2))(CF),60%常规化肥+225 L/hm^(2)海藻酸原液+150 L/hm^(2)利果浓缩液(LF1),60%常规化肥+450 L/hm^(2)海藻酸原液+300 L/hm^(2)利果浓缩液(LF2),60%常规化肥+675 L/hm^(2)海藻酸原液+450 L/hm^(2)利果浓缩液(LF3),60%常规化肥+900 L/hm^(2)海藻酸原液+600 L/hm^(2)利果浓缩液(LF4)5个处理。【结果】干物质累积量和干物质最大增长速率随液体肥用量的增加而增加,最大增长速率LF3较CF低2.99%,LF4较CF高7.34%。叶面积指数和SPAD值随液体肥用量的增加而增大,除蕾期外,叶面积指数LF1和LF2显著低于CF,LF3与CF无显著变化,LF4显著高于CF;SPAD值LF1和LF2显著低于CF,LF3、LF4与CF无显著差异。花铃期净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度随液体肥用量的增加而增大,但胞间隙CO_(2)浓度随液体肥用量的增加而降低。单株铃数、单铃重和产量均随液体肥用量增加而增加,LF1、LF2显著低于CF,LF3、LF4与CF无显著差异,各处理LF1、LF2、LF3、LF4和CF籽棉产量分别为6012.5、6528.5、7274.5、7568.5和7383 kg/hm^(2)。纤维长度、强度随液体肥用量的增加而增加,LF3、LF4与CF无显著差异。马克隆值随液体肥用量的增加而下降,除LF1与CF差异显著外,其他与CF无显著变化。【结论】适量的液体肥替代部分常规化肥能够促进棉花生长发育,适当增加产量、改善品质,本研究中综合考虑各指标LF3为最佳处理。

煤直接液化工艺最佳转化率及收率

煤直接液化工艺中的主要工艺变量是反应器温度、反应器操作压力、空速等,而煤直接液化工艺的主要性能特征为煤转化、渣油转化、气体产率和液体产率。通过分析影响煤直接液化工艺反应变量,根据煤直接液化工艺反应在一定反应温度、反应压力下,探讨煤直接液化工艺不同运行负荷煤粉转化率、液体收率、气体收率、沥青收率的最佳运行条件,同时通过不同试验数据综合分析,最终得出适合煤直接液化工艺工业化装置运行的最佳条件。煤直接液化工艺反应在相同反应温度、反应压力下,煤粉转化率随着物料地停留时间增加而增大,液体收率随物料停留时间增加而增大,煤中液体产量随负荷的增大而增大,气体收率随物料停留时间增加而增大,沥青收率随物料停留时间增加而增大,综合能耗随煤直接液化工艺装置负荷的增大增幅不大。在相同反应温度、反应压力下,煤直接液化工艺最佳转化率和收率为煤直接液化工艺装置60%负荷(干煤粉空速0.22 t/(h·m^(3)))。煤直接液化工艺装置工业化运行,需保证一定的产能和经济效益,除考虑转化率和各收率尽可能高的情况下,还需考虑综合能耗和煤中生成目标产物的产量。综合分析,在反应温度、反应压力一定的情况下,煤直接液化工艺装置运行负荷(干煤粉空速0.3 t/(h·m^(3))以上)较高时,经济效益较高。