WORKING LIQUID PRESSURE AND ITS CONTROL IN HYDRAULIC DRAWING PROCESSES OF CUPS

A method of setting up a pressure-stroke characteristic of the working liquid in hydraulic drawing is studied. A pressure-stroke characteristic and software for controlling its forming process are also developed. And a set of pressure controlling devices with PLC as a central processor are designed. It can be got from the relevant experiments that the pressure-stroke characteristic is correct and its control for forming process is available.

Solid-liquid state pressure bonding of Si_3N_4 ceramics with aluminum based alloys and its mechanism

Solid liquid state pressure bonding of Si 3N 4 ceramics with aluminum based alloys, which contain a small amount of intermetallic compounds Al 3Ti or Al 3Zr, was investigated. With this new method, the heat resistant properties of the bonding zone metal are improved, and the joints’ strengths at high temperature is increased. The joints’ shear strength at room temperature and at 600 ℃ reach 126～133 MPa and 32～34 MPa, respectively, with suitable bonding pressure. The reaction between aluminum and Si 3N 4 ceramics, which produces Al Si N O type compounds is the dominant interfacial reaction, while the reactions between the second active element Ti or Zr in the aluminum based alloys and Si 3N 4 ceramics also occur to some extend. [

Expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads

The expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension Rs and γs in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads are of great importance for molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of the interfacial phenomena of nanoscale fluids; these two basic expressions are derived in this paper. Although these expressions were derived first in the literature[Kim B G, Lee J S, Han M H, and Park S, 2006 Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 10, 283] and used widely thereafter, the derivation is wrong both in logical structure and physical thought. In view of the importance of these basic expressions, the logic and physical mistakes appearing in that derivation are pointed out.

Properties of Liquid Nickel along Melting Lines under High Pressure

We report a molecular dynamics study of structural and transport properties of liquid nickel under high pres- sures. Pressure dependencies of pair distribution function and pair correlation entropy along the melting line indicate that the configuration change along melting lines decreases with increasing pressure. The calculated diffusion coefficients and viscosity by using entropy-scaling laws with modified parameters and ideal parameters are compared with those extracted from mean-square displacement or the Stokes-Einstein relation. The results suggest that the entropy-scaling laws hold well for coefficients and viscosity increase moderately with liquid nickel under high-pressure conditions, and the diffusion pressure along melting lines.

Analysis of Pesticide Raid^(█) in Feed of Wistar Rat by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

The distribution of pesticide by-product in tissues of wistar rats were analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography. The limit of detection of the HPLC was 0.1 μg. Results show bioaccumulation factor of pesticide “Raid?” in lipid, up to three times that of the feed at the first concentration and gradually decreased as the concentration increased in the muscle > (0.7), brain > (0.5) and liver > (0.3) as indicated in the text. At higher concentration of 961 μg/g, bioaccumulation factor decreased in the lipid to 1.2 and 0.6 in the muscle, 0.03 in the brain and 0.08 in the liver respectively. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of raid extract suggests the presence of micprothrin and palethrin. The implications are numerous, but simply put that accidental ingestion of chlorinated hydrocarbon as in “Raid?” may involve convulsions, collapse and coma after only brief excitation and ataxia at the onset.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families

AIM： To analyze the clinical characteristics of Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） families and to screen the germline mutations of human mismatch repair genes hMLH1 and hMSH2 in the probands. METHODS： Thirty-one independent Chinese HNPCC families were collected in Zhejiang Province. All of them met Chinese HNPCC criteria. Clinical data about patient gender, site of colorectal cancer, age of onset, history of multiple colorectal cancer, associated extracolonic cancer were recorded. PCR and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC） were employed to screen the mutations. Sequencing analysis was used to find out the exact mutation site and characteristics of the samples showing abnormal DHPLC profiles. RESULTS： One hundred and thirty-six malignant neoplasms were found in 107 patients including 14 multiple cancers. One hundred and six of the 136 neoplasms （77.9%） were diagnosed as colorectal cancer, with an average age of onset at 48.57 ±29.00 years. Gastric cancer was the most common extracolonic cancer （10.3%） in these families. Twenty-three different sequence variations in hMLHI and hMSH2 genes were detected in these 17 families. Fifteen sequence variations were located in the exons, including 5 SNPs, 3 silent mutations, 3 missense mutations, 2 nonsense mutations and 2 frameshift mutations. The latter seven mutations seemed to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION： Germline mutations of hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes are identified in about one-third HNPCC kindreds fulfilling Chinese HNPCC criteria. Chinese HNPCC families have some particular clinical characteristics, such as a left-sided predominance, less synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancer, and frequent occurrence of gastric cancer.

Analysis of Hupehenine in the Total Alkaloids from Fritillaria hupehensis by HPLC-ELSD

A reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC） method with evaporative light scattering detection （ELSD） has been developed for the quantitative analysis of hupehenine in the total alkaloids from Fritillaria hupehensis. Samples were analyzed on a reverse-phase column （Hypersil C-18） with a mobile phase of methanol：water：chloroform： triethylamine （85：15：1：0.6）. The ELSD was set at the drift tube temperature of 68.3℃ and gas flow rate of 1.8 L/min. Hupehenine＇s retention time was 13.7 min with an asymmetry factor of 1.2. The validity of the method has been verified with linearity, limit of detection, accuracy and precision. The logarithmic linear curve was obtained from 8.936 to 134.04 μg/mL （r=0.9993）. The detection limit （S/N〉3） of hupehenine was 1.79 μg/mL on the column. Intra-day RSD was 1.42% and inter-day RSD was 2.26% （3 days within a week）. The average recovery of hupehenine was 101.50%, and RSD was 1.62%.

Study on Purifying Technology of Andrographolide by Supercritical CO_(2) Secondary Gradient Crystallization

The effects of the secondary gradient crystallizing pressure, temperature and time on the purity and crystallization ratio of andrographolide were investigated via single factor experiments. The shape of crystal was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The purity of andrographolide was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the optimized parameters were pressure 14 MPa, temperature 55℃, time 60 min, and CO2 flow rate 15 L min-1, under these conditions the particle of andrographolide was much smaller, the crystal of andrographolide was distributed in floccule on crystal board,with the purity of andrographolide 92.5%, the crystallization ratio 48.9%.

Genetic Mutation of Vitamin K-dependent Gamma-glutamyl Carboxylase Domain in Patients with Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

To investigate the exon mutation of vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase （GGCX or VKDC） in patients with calcium oxalate urolithasis, renal cortex and peripheral blood samples were obtained from severe hydronephrosis patients （with or without calculi）, and renal tumor patients undergoing nephrectomy. GGCX mutations in all 15 exons were examined in 44 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis （COU） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and denatured high pressure liquid chromatography （DHPLC）, and confirmed by sequencing. Mutation was not found in all COU samples compared to the controls. These data demonstrated that functional GGCX mutations in all 15 exons do not occur in most COU patients. It was suggested that there may be no significant association between the low activity and mutation of GGCX in COU.

Determination of berberine in Phellodendron amurense from different sites of Changbai Mountain

Phellodendron amurense has been used for many years as a medical plant in traditional Chinese medicine and has shown great prospect in recent clinical trials for future applications. Berberine is an essential active compound contained in P. amurense. Our objective in this study was to quantify the content of berberine in P.amurense from sites at different elevations on Changbai Mountain. We collected samples of P. amurense from five different elevations on Changbai Mountain. Berberine in samples was extracted by ultrahigh pressure extraction（UPE）. And the quantity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. First, the optimal HPLC conditions for berberine were identified with satisfactory precision（relative standard deviation, R SD／5.6 %）, good accuracy（relative error, R E／ 3.6 %） and good linear relation（R2= 0.9998） in the range of 6.576–328.8 mg L-1. Second, the combination of UPE and HPLC methods in quantitative analysis of berberine showed high repeatability（R SD= 3.28 %）, reproducibility（R SD= 4.72 %）,stability（R SD／ 1.27 %） and good recovery（99.54 %） for real plant materials. Samples from Heilongjiang Province at the lowest elevation contained the highest amount of berberine.Similarly, the lowest amount of berberine was recorded in samples from Changbai Forest Bureau of Jilin Province collected at the highest elevation in this paper. The proposed UPE–HPLC method is simple, reliable and low-cost for quantitative analysis of berberine. Content of berberine in P.amurense varied significantly by site on Changbai Mountain.

Development of a 100 MPa water–gas two-phase fluid pressurization device

This paper introduces a 100 MPa water gas twophase fluid pressurization device.The device can provide 100 MPa gas pressure and 200 MPa liquid pressure for small volume(<20 mL)high-pressure experimental devices.This device can make the pressure control independent of the temperature control without changing the material components of the system.The resolution of this device in adjusting the pressure is±0.2 MPa in the process of boosting and depressurizing.This pressure boosting device generates very little vibration during work and it can be used in experiments with strict requirements on vibration.As a thermodynamic parameter,pressure has a great influence on matter.In the field of experimental geochemistry,pressure is not only an experimental method and an extreme condition but an important physical parameter independent of temperature and chemical composition.

Effects of Different Compounding of Formulae on Content of Gardenoside in Yin Chen Hao Decoction

In order to observe the effects of the ground and intact Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae) and different combinations of the ingredients and refined single Chinese drug granules in Yin Chen Hao Decoction compound prescription on the contents of gardenoside (an effective component of the prescription), the contents of gardenoside were determined with reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with acetonitrile-water (15:85) as mobile phase, at wave length 238nm. The results indicated that the gardenoside-decocted-out rates in the decoctions prepared by different combinations of the ingredients with the ground Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae) all were higher significantly than those in the decoction with intact Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae), and generally, different combinations of the ingredients in the decoction had only little effect on the gardenoside-decocted-out rate.

Process and Equipment of Double-Sided Sheet Hydroforming for Large-Sized Al-Alloy Tailored Shell

In the industrial field,tailored blank forming with aluminum alloy(Al-alloy)has developed fast to meet the demands for large size integrated components with curved surfaces of high precision and with uniform mechanical properties.Traditional forming methods for tailored blank components faced challenges with uneven deformation behaviors and coexistence of rupture and wrinkling defects occuring during the forming process.In this paper,a new manufacturing procedure is proposed with advanced welding and forming technologies for forming integrated shell components.Friction stir welding with post-weld heat treatment was employed to prepare the tailor welded blank and improve its formability prior to forming.A double-sided pressure sheet hydroforming process was introduced to fabricate the Al-alloy tailored blank into a curved surface shell.Finite element modeling was established to analyze the effect of the weld line position and loading paths of stress distributions during the double-sided sheet hydroforming(DSHF)process.A large double-action CNC sheet hydroforming press with tonnage of 150 MN and high pressure liquid volume of 5 m~3 was developed in China.As an application case of the proposed process and equipment,a full-scale tank dome with a diameter of 3 m was successfully hydroformed with a large size Al-alloy tailored blank.It was shown that the DSHF process has the advantages in controlling rupture and wrinkling defects with an Al-alloy tailored blank,and the novel manufacturing procedure enables the production of integrated thin-walled component more competitively than traditional methods.

First Systematic Testing Platform for Pressurization Feed System Developed for Liquid Rocket Propellant in China

Beijing Aerospace System Engineering Institute of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) declared recently that theinstitute has set up a laboratory whichwould operate a newly

Quantification of perfluorinated compounds in atmospheric particulate shows potential connection with environmental event

A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)from atmospheric particulate matter(APM)is described.A single step pretreatment method,selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE),was developed to reduce the high matrix background and avoid contamination from commonly used multiple sample pretreatment steps.An effective sorbent was selected to purify the PFCs during SPLE,followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS),for quantification of PFCs.Conditions affecting the SPLE efficiency,including temperature,static extraction time,and number of extraction cycles used,were studied.The optimum conditions were found to be 120℃,10 min,and 3 cycles,respectively.LC-MS/MS method was developed to obtain the optimal sensitivity specific to PFCs.The method detection limits(MDLs)were 0.006 to 0.48 ng/g for the PFCs studied and the linear response range was from 0.1 to 100 ng/g.To ensure accurate values were obtained,each step of the experiment was evaluated and controlled to prevent contamination.The optimized method was tested by performing spiking experiments in natural particulate matter matrices and good rates of recovery and reproducibility were obtained for all target compounds.Finally,the method was successfully used to measure 16 PFCs in the APM samples collected in Beijing over five years from 2015 to 2019.It is observed that some PFCs follow the trend of total PFC changes,and can be attributed to the environment influencing events and policy enforcement,while others don't seem to change as much with time of the year or from year to year.

Determination of Vapor Pressure of Liquid Copper by Carrier Gas Method

The relationship between the vapor pressure of liquid copper and the flow rate of carrier gas argon was discussed, when the carrier gas method was used to determine the vapor pressure of liquid copper at 1892 K. The proper argon flow rate range obtained was 150-500 mL/min and enough evidence was provided to verify the vapor pressure-flow rate of carrier gas relationship at the target temperature. Based on the proper flow rate range, the vapor pressure of liquid copper was measured at 1609-1892 K. The relationship of vapor pressure-temperature obtained by the method of regression analysis can be expressed as： In（p/Pa） = （25.470 -I- 0.903） - （39099.8 -4- 1574.5）/T, Further, the thermodynamic properties including the heat of vaporization and the Gibbs free energy of the Cu （I） = Cu （g） reaction were calculated by the vapor pressiJre obtained over the temperature range covered.

An apparatus for accurately measuring solubilities of gases in liquids at elevated temperatures and pressures

An apparatus for measuring solubilities of gases in liquids at elevated temperatures and pressures has been constructed. Using this apparatus, the slubilities of N_2 and CO_2 in some solvents have been determined in the temperature range between 20 and 230℃, and at pressures up to 130 atm. The experimental results obtained generally agree well with literature values. It is shown that this apparatus is reliable; attainment of equilibria needs only about 5 hours; precision of the measure- ments is ±0.2％.

Relationship between a novel polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase gene and coronary heart disease

OBJECTIVE: To investigate polymorphisms in the gene for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in Chinese populations with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to inquire into the relationship between these polymorphisms in LPL gene and CHD. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from patients with CHD and normal control subjects using a salting out method. The entire coding region and flanking sequences of all coding exons of the LPL gene were amplified by PCR technique and PCR products were detected by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and sequenced with a dideoxy terminal termination method. RESULTS: A novel polymorphic site, G830A, that is within the fifth exon of the LPL gene was found. The 192 codon CGA was changed into CAA and resulted in the substitution of glutamine for arginine. Between the control and CHD groups, chi-square test showed no significant difference in the frequencies of the A/A genotype and A allele (P > 0.05). However, the frequencies of A/A genotype and A allele (0.653 and 0.786) in CHD patients with high plasma triglyceride/lowed plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher than those (0.415 and 0.642) in CHD patients without hyperlipidemia (P Gln substitution polymorphism and CHD, but there is a significant positive correlation between the A/A genotype of the LPL gene and CHD associated with high triglyceride/lowed high density lipoprotein cholesterol. This study may provide new data for exploring the molecular mechanism of CHD.

Application of UHPLCMS/ MS method in determining the content of multiingredient in hospital preparations

In the present study, we established an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 11 compounds in two hospital preparations （Shegan mixture and Gandi capsules）, including ephedrine, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, scutellarin, belamcandin, baicalin, baicalein, astragaloside IV, irisflorentin and wogonin. The chromatographic separation was conducted on ZORBAX SB-C18 （2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm）. Eleven analytes and IS were detected using ESI and MRM combined with positive and negative scanning switch. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, scutellarin and belamcandin were detected using negative ion mode detection, whereas ephedrine, rutin, baicalin, baicalein, astragaloside IV, irisflorentin and wogonin were detected using positive ion mode detection. The quantification limits of ephedrine, caffeic acid, scutellarin, belamcandin, baicalin, baicalein, irisfiorentin and wogonin were 4.90×10^-3 ng/mL, 7.80 ng/mL, 6.8 ng/mL, 5.3×10^-2 ng/mL, 4.20×10^-3 ng/mL, 4.6×10^-2 ng/mL, 1.44×10^-4 ng/mL, 4.85 ng/mL, 0.23 ng/mL, 3.18× 10^-4 ng/mL and 2.95× 10^-4 ng/mL, respectively. The detection limits of these components were 2.90× 10^-4 ng/mL, 0.77 ng/mL, 2.0 ng/mL, 0.016 ng/mL, 1.3×10^-3 ng/mL, 3.33×10^-4 ng/mL, 4.32×10^-5 ng/mL, 1.46 ng/mL, 0.07 ng/mL, 9.5×10^-5 ng/mL and 8.84× 10^-5 ng/mL, respectively. All calibration curves showed good linearity （R^2〉0.99） within the test range. The RSD values of intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 5%, and the average recovery rates of the 11 components ranged fi＇om 80% to 120%. In conclusion, our newly developed method was simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. It could be used to determine ephedrine, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, scutellarin, belamcandin, baicalin, baicalein, astragaloside IV, irisflorentin and wogonin in Shegan mixture and Gandi capsules, which was helpful for the quality control of drugs.

Simultaneous determination of four saponins in Shugan Quzhi Capsule by UHPLC-MS/MS

Shugan Quzhi capsule is a hospital preparation of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University. It has been used for the treatment of adult patients with fatty liver caused by obesity, high cholesterol and other factors. In the present study, we established an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 4 saponin ingredients including Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rbl, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rgl present in Shugan Quzhi capsule. The chromatographic separation was conducted on ZORBAX SB-C18 （2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm）. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and aqueous solution consisted of 0.05% formic acid and 5 mM ammonium acetate. Gradient elution rate was 0.3 mL/min, the column temperature was 40 ℃ MS was conducted using electrospray ionisation （ESI） and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） coupled with positive and negative scanning switch. With which, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rgl were detected using negative ion mode detection while Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rbl and internal standard （Ginsenoside F1） were detected using positive ion mode detection. The limits of quantification （LOQ） for Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rbl, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rgl were 6.54× 10-4, 2.57×104, 0.11 and 6.91 × 10-3 ng/mL, respectively. The limits of detection （LOD） for these compounds were 1.96×10-4, 7.70×10-5, 3.45× 10-2, and 2.07× 10-3 ng/mL, respectively. All calibration curves showed a good linearity （r2〉0.9633） within the test range. The intra- and inter-day precisions （relative standard deviation, RSD） were lower than 5% and the average recoveries were in the range of 80%-120%. With this method, four kinds of saponins were separated and detected in 6 min. This method is simple, rapid and shows high sensitivity and accuracy.