Lisinopril在碳糊电极上的电化学性质及电分析

运用循环伏安法（CV），计时电流法（CA）和计时电量法（CC）研究了赖诺谱利（Lisinopril，KSP）在碳糊电极（CPE）上的电化学行为及其电化学动力学性质。研究结果表明，LSP在CPE上的电化学过程是不可逆电化学氧化过程，氧化峰电位Ep=0．956V。在10～1000mV／s扫描速率范围内，其氧化峰电流与扫描速度平方根（v^1／2）呈良好的线性关系，表明LSP在CPE上的伏安行为是一受扩散控制的电极过程。用方波伏安法（SWV）考察了KSP氧化峰电流与浓度之间的关系，氧化峰电流与其浓度在1．0×10^-6～5．6×10^-3mol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系，相关系数R=0．9998，检出限5．0×10^-7mol／L，RSD为1．9％～2．3％，加样回收率为98％～102％．据此建立了LSP含量的电化学测定方法。

Fast and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma

A sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril(LIS) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) in human plasma using their labeled internal standards(ISs). Sample pre-treatment involved solid phase extraction on Waters Oasis HLB cartridges using 100 μL of plasma, followed by liquid chromatography on Hypersil Gold C_(18)(50 mm×3.0 mm, 5 μm) column. The analytes were eluted within 2.0 min using acetonitrile-5.0 m M ammonium formate, p H 4.5(85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase. The analytes and ISs were analyzed in the negative ionization mode and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.50–250.0 ng/m L for both the analytes. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision(% CV) was ≤5.26% and their extraction recoveries were in the range of 96.6%–103.1%. Matrix effect evaluated in terms of IS-normalized matrix factors ranged from 0.97 to 1.03 for both the analytes. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentration of the drugs using 10 mg lisinopril and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide fixed dose formulation in 18 healthy Indian volunteers.

RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Lisinopril and NSAIDs in API, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Serum

High performance liquid chromatographic method was developed valdated and applied for the simultaneous determi- nation of lisinopril and NSAIDs in bulk, pharmaceuticals formulations and human serum. A Purospher star C18 (5 μm, 25 × 0.46 cm) column was used with mobile phase consisting of methanol: water: acetonitrile (80:17.5:2.5 v/v, pH 3.0) and quantitative evaluation was performed at 225 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min–1. The retention time of lisinopril was 2.2 min while naproxen, flurbiprofen, diclofenac sodium and mefenamic acid were found to be 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and 6.7 min respectively. Suitability of this method for the quantitative determination of the drugs was proved by validation in accordance with the requirements laid down by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method is selective, precise, accurate and can be used for analysis of pharmaceutical preparations in quality control and clinical laboratories.

Lisinopril和Losartan对乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞AT1受体基因表达水平和ACE活力的影响

为了解两种降压药物 -血管紧张素转换酶 (angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制剂(lisinopril)和血管紧张素 型受体 (AT1 R)拮抗剂 (losartan)在心脏间质组织中的作用 ,进行了药物对乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞 AT1 R基因表达和血管紧张素转换酶活力影响的实验 .用 RT- PCR方法检测体外培养乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞 AT1 R基因的表达 .结果显示 ,losartan在 1 0 -7～ 1 0 -4 mol/L浓度范围内对心肌成纤维细胞 AT1 R基因表达有激活作用 ,其中 1 0 -5mol/L浓度激活作用最强 ;1 0 -5mol/L losartan对 AT1 R基因表达呈现明显的时间依赖性变化 ,当加入 1 h后 ,AT1 R基因表达量增加 2倍 ,随后出现一过性下降 ,2 4 h时回升并维持在一较高水平 .与 losartan相比 ,lisinopril对 AT1 R基因的表达无明显影响 .酶活实验结果显示 ,lisinopril明显抑制心肌成纤维细胞中的ACE活力 ,随时间延长 ,酶活力逐渐恢复 (1 2 .6× 1 0 -3 U/mg) ;而 losartan则对酶活力的影响不明显 ,仅是在 1 2 h后 ,ACE活力才略有升高 .实验结果证明 ,在心脏成纤维细胞中存在有 ACE和AT1 R,并且后者受 losartan以浓度和时间依赖方式的调节 .

Stress Degradation Studies on Lisinopril Dihydrate Using Modified Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

A simple, precise, accurate and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of lisinopril dihydrate and its degradation products occuring under different ICH prescribed stress conditions has been modified. Drug was resolved on a C18 column, utilizing modified mobile phase of tetra butyl ammonium hydroxide solution and acetonitrile. Ultra violet detection was carried out at 210 nm. The method was modified with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, specificity and ruggedness. The results obtained revealed that lisinopril dihydrate was an active product slightly changed under stress conditions.

Determination of Lisinopril in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations by Cloud Point Extraction—A Green Method

A sensitive and eco-friendly method was developed for the spectrophotometric determination of Lisinopril (LSP) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations by cloud point extraction technique. The method was based on the formation of a blue-colored coordination complex between Lisinopril (LSP) and Cobalt Thiocyanate (CTC) at a suitable pH. The Complex in aqueous medium was extracted into surfactant layer by cloud point extraction using a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 and then the surfactant layer was dissolved in a suitable volume of ethanol and the amount of Lisinopril was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 625 nm. The conditions like concentration of the drug, concentration of CTC and of Triton X-114, PH, etc. were optimized by OFAT (One Factor At a Time) method. The linear range of calibration curve was 1 - 6 μg/ml and the linear regression equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.99996 was y = 0.0021 + 0.084x. Preconcentration and enrichment factors were found to be 100 and 3.12 respectively, achieving the detection limit of 0.0588 μg/ml. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of LSP in the drug formulations. The obtained values were in agreement with the values as quoted by the manufacturers.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Induced Angioedema Occurring after 8 Years of Taking Lisinopril: A Case Report

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced angioedema (AIIA) can vary from mild to life-threatening. A vast majority of cases of AIIA occur within a month of starting an angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor (ACE-I). We present a 48-year-old male who presented with respiratory failure secondary to AIIA, after being on lisinopril for over 8 years. He had no previous complications secondary to lisinopril and aside from smoking, carried no risk factors for AIIA. Despite conventional treatment for angioedema, he had a prolonged stay in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU). Following discharge, there hasn’t been a recurrence of AIIA since the discontinuation of lisinopril. The case is intended to caution that AIIA remains possible even late into a chronic regimen of ACE-I. This is a risk that shouldn’t be neglected, even with sparse risk factors or longer duration of ACE-I use. Conventional treatment is not currently in line with proposed etiologies of AIIA. We advocate for more clinical trials involving pharmaceutical agents targeting bradykinin accumulation.

Characterization of a novel impurity in bulk drug of lisinopril by multidimensional NMR technique

During the routine impurity profile of lisinopril bulk drug by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography), a potential impurity was detected. Using multidimensional NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) technique, the trace-level impurity was unambiguously identified to be 2-(-2-oxo-azocan-3-ylamino)-4-phenyl-butyric acid after isolation from lisinopril bulk drug by semi-preparative HPLC. Formation of the impurity was also discussed. To our knowledge, this is a novel impurity and not reported elsewhere.

Characterization of impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril by liquid chromatography/ion trap spectrometry

Two trace impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril were detected by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(HPLC/MS) with a simple and sensitive method suitable for HPLC/MSn analysis. The frag-mentation behavior of lisinopril and the impurities was investigated,and two unknown impurities were elucidated as 2-(6-amino-1-(1-carboxyethylamino)-1-oxohexan-2-ylamino)-4-phenylbutanoic acid and 6-amino-2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpro-pylamino)-hexanoic acid on the basis of the multi-stage mass spectrometry and exact mass evidence. The proposed structures of the two unknown impurities were further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) experiments after preparative isola-tion.

Validated Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Lisinopril, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin in API, Formulations and Human Serum by RP-HPLC

Lisinopril is found to be useful in hypertension and statins as cholesterol lowering drug. Present work was designed for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril in presence of pravastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin using RP-HPLC method. A Purospher star C 18 （5 μm, 25 × 0.46 cm） column was used with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile ： water （60 ： 40 V/V, pH 3.0） with flow rate of 1.0 mLomin-1 and the quantitative evaluation was performed at 225 nm. The retention time of lisinopril was 2.0 min and for pravastatin, rosuvastatin and atorvastatin was found to be 3.1, 4.5 and 8.3 min respectively. Suitability of this method for the quantitative determination of the drugs was proved by validation in accordance with the requirements laid down by International Conference on Harmonization （ICH） guidelines. Application of the suggested procedures were successfully applied to the determination of these compounds in active pharmaceutical ingredient and in pharmaceutical preparations, with high percentage of recovery, good accuracy and precision.

Development and validation of a sensitive HPLC method for the determination of lisinopril in human plasma after derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole

In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of lisinopril in human plasma. The sample clean-up was carried out by solid-phase extraction(SPE) using a cation-exchange(Strata-SCX~?) extraction cartridge. After a pre-column derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, the reaction mixture was analyzed on an Agilent Zorbax SB~?-C_(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min. Fluorescence detection was performed at an excitation wavelength of 470 nm and an emission wavelength of 530 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and 0.02 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate(pH = 3.0, 60:40, v/v). The average extraction recovery of lisinopril and fluvoxamine(internal standard) was >85%. The method exhibited a linear calibration curve over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient(r^2) of ≥0.98 and a limit of quantification(LOQ) equal to 2 ng/mL. The within-run and between-run precisions were satisfactory with an RSD of 3.8%–13.7%(accuracy: from 95.0% to 96.4%) and 4.273%–14.3%(accuracy: from 94.4% to 98.5%), respectively.

Determination of lisinopril using anion exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection

A rapid and practical method for direct detection of lisinopril in anion exchange chromatography（AEC） has been developed with integrated pulsed amperometric detection（IPAD）.Dionex AS 18（250 mm×2 mm） and AG 18（50 mm×2 mm） columns and 40 mmol/L NaOH solution were used for separation.Multi-step potential waveform parameters were optimized to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio（S/N）.Utilizing the optimized waveform,the repeatability（intra-day） precision and intermediate（inter-day） precision were obtained with relative standard deviation（RSD） of 0.74,0.93,respectively.The limit of quantification（LOQ） and limit of detection（LOD） were found to be 0.37,0.12ng/mL,respectively,with the correlation coefficient of 0.9998 over concentration range 0.01-1μg/mL.The present method was successfully applied to the determination of lisinopril in human plasma.The recoveries of plasma sample spiked by 0.2μg/mL,0.8μg/mL lisinopril were 98.31-103.23%with RSD of 1.41%, 0.61%,respectively.

赖诺普利对高血压病患者微量白蛋白尿的影响及临床意义

赖诺普利是新一代长效血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI),通过扩张肾小球出球小动脉而降低肾小球内高压,减少蛋白尿.微量白蛋白尿(MAU)是指常规尿检查尿蛋白阴性而定量分析尿蛋白在30～300mg/24h的蛋白尿.部分高血压病(EH)患者可出现MAU,伴MAU者冠心病(CHD)的发病率明显增高,其原因与脂质代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗有关.MAU能反映高血压病患者肾功能的早期损害,所以检测MAU对早期发现EH患者的肾功能变化.以便及时干预、中止,甚至逆转其影响,从而保护EH患者的肾功能;也有利于降低冠心病的发病率及死亡率.本文就赖诺普利对EH患者MAU的影响进行探讨.

血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂用于高血压的疗效及对合并冠心病和脑卒中的二级预防效果

目的探讨血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)类药物用于治疗高血压的疗效及对高血压合并冠心病和脑卒中二级预防效果。方法收集2012年1月~2015年12月来我院就诊的高血压患者210例,按随机数字法分为试验组和对照组,每组各105例。两组患者在常规对症治疗的基础上,试验组给予赖诺普利治疗,对照组给予卡托普利治疗,观察两组患者治疗前后血压参数、右上臂和右踝之间测到的脉搏波水平变化,比较两组患者冠心病和脑卒中的复发率及死亡率。结果治疗前两组患者的收缩压、舒张压、脉压差、右上臂和右踝之间测到的脉搏波水平无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗1个月、3个月后两组患者上述指标水平均显著降低,且试验组患者指标水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患者冠心病复发率和脑卒中复发率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 ACEI类药物治疗高血压能够有效降低血压水平,改善动脉弹性功能,降低合并冠心病和脑卒中患者冠心病和脑卒中复发率,其中,赖诺普利的降压效果和对冠心病和脑卒中的二级预防效果更好,更值得临床推广应用。

盐酸埃他卡林对高血压心脏重构的作用

目的 在自发性高血压大鼠 (spontaneouslyhyperten siverat,SHR)和脑卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠 (stroke pronespontaneouslyhypertensiverat,SHRsp)上 ,评价盐酸埃他卡林 (iptakalimhydrochloride ,Ipt)对高血压心脏重构的实验治疗学作用。方法 SHR于第 12周龄进入实验 ,赖诺普利 (lisinopril,Lis) 12mg·kg-1,Ipt 3mg·kg-1灌胃每天 1次 ,连灌 4wk ;SHRsp于第 11周龄进入实验 ,实验设Ipt0 2 5、1和 4mg·kg-13个剂量组及溶剂对照组 ,灌胃给药每天 1次 ,持续给药 12wk ,观察药物对高血压心脏重构的影响。结果 实验期 4wk内 ,SHR对照组血压和心率进行性增高。Ipt能有效控制SHR的血压 ,降压效果确切 ,且可抑制SHR心率加快的趋势 ,但对SHR高血压心脏重构无明显作用。相同实验条件下 ,Lis也能有效控制SHR的血压 ,降压效果确切 ,对心率无明显影响 ;Lis治疗可减轻SHR高血压心脏重构。实验期 12wk内 ,SHRsp溶剂对照组血压持续性进行性增高。Ipt 3个剂量组均能降低SHRsp血压 ,Ipt 4mg·kg-1组在给药后第 4周开始出现心率减低。Ipt 3个剂量组的左心室和室间隔 (LV +S)重量及其与体重的比值[(LV +S) /BW ]低于溶剂对照组。 4组动物之间的右室重量(RV)均无差异。结论 Ipt能有效地控制SHR和SHRsp的血压 。

LC-MS法测定人血浆中赖诺普利及其在药代动力学中的应用

目的：建立人血浆中赖诺普利的LC-MS测定法。方法：血浆样品以10mmol／L的盐酸溶液酸化后经固相萃取小柱提取，采用选择性离子检测方法测定其血药浓度。色谱柱为Lichrospher ODS柱，流动相为甲醇-40mmol／L醋酸铵水溶液（含0.1％甲酸）（45：55），内标为依那普利拉，检测仪器为Agilent 1100四极杆质谱检测器，离子源为ESI源，检测离子为m／z：406．2（赖诺普利）、m／z：349．2（内标），裂解电压为150V。结果：在1～300ng／mL范围内赖诺普利与内标峰面积比值与浓度线性关系良好，最低定量限为1ng／mL。本方法回收率为73．46％～80．79％，批内和批间的精密度均小于15％。结论：该方法经考察符合生物样品的分析要求，可以应用于临床血药浓度的测定和药代动力学研究。

赖诺普利和地高辛治疗老年慢性心衰的疗效观察

目的比较赖诺普利和地高辛在老年慢性心衰(CHF)治疗中的近期和远期疗效。方法将66例老年CHF患者随机分成地高辛治疗组(D组)和赖诺普利治疗组(L组),比较治疗1月、6月和18月后6min平地行走距离和超声心动图的左室射血分数(LVEF),舒张期二尖瓣血流频谱E波峰值流速/舒张期二尖瓣血流频谱A波峰值流速(E/A)改变。结果早期疗效(1月):D组优于L组,6min平地行走距离和超声心动图LVEF值有显著差异(P<0.05和0.01),但2组的E/A值无显著差异(P>0.05)。远期疗效:6月后L组则优于D组,6min平地行走距离,LVEF值,E/A均有显著差异(P<0.05);18月后3项指标差异更显著(P<0.01)。结论赖诺普利是一种较地高辛有更好远期疗效的治疗老年慢性心衰的药物。

缬沙坦与赖诺普利治疗原发性高血压患者在耐受性、安全性和疗效上的比较

目的 :评价缬沙坦 (valsartan)治疗原发性高血压患者的耐受性、安全性和疗效。 方法 :146例轻、中度原发性高血压患者采用随机双盲的研究方法分为缬沙坦组 (n=75 )和赖诺普利 (lisinopril)组 (n=71) ,分别接受缬沙坦 80 mg/d或赖诺普利 10 mg/d,4周后血压控制不满意者 (舒张压≥ 90 mm Hg,1mm Hg=0 .133k Pa) ,接受缬沙坦 16 0 mg/d或赖诺普利 2 0 mg/d。 结果 :缬沙坦与赖诺普利均能有效降低血压。治疗总有效率分别为 6 0 .3%和 6 4.1% ,降压程度及治疗有效率比较统计学无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。缬沙坦组具有良好的耐受性 ,未见干咳现象 ,而赖诺普利组干咳发生率达 5 .6 %。 结论 :缬沙坦是治疗轻、中度原发性高血压安全有效的药物。

液相色谱-质谱法测定人血浆中复方赖诺普利及其人体药动学研究

目的:研究液相色谱-质谱法测定人血浆中的复方赖诺普利,并分析高蛋白高脂肪食物对其药动学的影响。方法:采用随机双周期交叉设计,12名健康受试者(男女各半)随机分为2组,Ⅰ组空腹服复方赖诺普利片1片(每片含赖诺普利10．0 mg,氢氯噻嗪12．5 mg),Ⅱ组进食后服复方赖诺普利片1片,交叉间隔为1 wk。结果:空腹和进食单剂量口服受试制剂:赖诺普利的tmax分别为(7．3±s 1．2)和(7．5±1．0)h;cmax分别为(42±7)和(33±10)μg·L-1;t1／2分别为(13．7±2．0)和(12．5±2．2)h; MRT分别为(20±3)和(19．9±2．5)h;AUC0～72分别为(545±147)和(493±125)μg·h·L-1。氢氯噻嗪的tmax分别为(2．8±0．7)和(4．6±1．1)h;cmax分别为(82±23)和(77±13)μg·L-1;t1/2分别为(8．6±1．8)和(8．4±1．7)h;MRT分别为(10．4±2．0)和(11．6±1．6)h;AUC0～48分别为(680±281)和(684±83)μg·h·L-1。结论:该方法选择性强、灵敏度高、操作简便,适用于复方赖诺普利制剂的临床药动学研究;进食高脂肪、高蛋白的食物会影响赖诺普利的达峰浓度和氢氯噻嗪的达峰时间。

复方赖诺普利片人体药动学考察

目的:研究复方赖诺普利片在健康人体内药动学特征。方法:单剂量:空腹口服复方赖诺普利片1片(每片复方赖诺普利片含赖诺普利10mg、氢氯噻嗪12.5mg)。多剂量:多次给药连续9d,每天服药1次,每次1片。采用LC-MS法测定血浆中赖诺普利、氢氯噻嗪的浓度,计算药动学参数,以考察复方赖诺普利片多剂量口服达稳态过程和稳态药动学特征。结果:单剂量口服受试制剂:赖诺普利的tmax为(7.3±1.2)h;Cmax为(42.5±6.8)μg.L-1;t1/2为(8.6±1.8)h;MRT为(20.1±3.0);AUC0-72为(545.1±147.4)ng.h.L-1。氢氯噻嗪的tmax为(2.8±0.7)h;Cmax为(81.6±22.7)μg.L-1;t1/2为(13.7±2.0)h;MRT为(10.4±2.0);AUC0-48为(679.8±280.7)ng.h.L-1。多剂量口服受试制剂:赖诺普利的AUCss为(576.9±124.4)ng.h.L-1,Css-max为(47.7±13.2)μg.L-1,Css-min为(6.2±1.8)μg.L-1,Css-av为(24.0±5.2)μg.L-1,DF为(1.71±0.24),tmax为(7.3±1.1)h,t1/2为(13.1±2.7)h;氢氯噻嗪的AUCss为(731.4±224.9)ng.h.L-1,Css-max为(101.0±31.6)μg.L-1,Css-min为(8.4±3.8)μg.L-1,Css-av为(30.5±9.4)μg.L-1,DF为(3.1±1.2),tmax为(3.0±0.9)h,t1/2为(8.8±1.6)h。结论:复方赖诺普利片主要药动学参数单剂量和多剂量给药差异无显著性,复方赖诺普利片在人体内无蓄积。