卡诺图在基于literal运算多值NDR电路中的应用

介绍了传统二值数字电路设计工具——卡诺图在基于literal运算的多值微分负阻NDR特性电路中的应用,提出了卡诺图不仅可以应用于基本的多值逻辑运算单元,也能用于多值存储电路的设计。利用多值逻辑电路以及literal运算的性质,结合已设计的运算逻辑单元,简便地实现了三值符合运算,为基于literal运算的电路提供了一种新的设计方法和思路,同时还能应用于其他NDR多值电路的设计中。

Literal Translation plus Explanation in Translating Political Words

Political words are closely related to the current situations and affairs of China, which is often dependent on China's culture and history. Therefore it is not uncommon that there are some words with background knowledge known to the source language readers, but unknown to the target language readers. Literal translation plus explanation is particularly useful in translating these words with particular background and cultural connotations.

A Dialectical Way between Literal and Free Translation:Taking the Translation of English Similes as an Exemplar

Simile,as an important figure of speech,is widely used in various texts.And it has its own feature and different subtypes,which require that the translation methods-literal translation and free translation should be adopted dialectically in accordance with the content or form of the similes.Actually,free translation based on literal translation is much better even though adding some extensions or footnotes is employed,too.

On Peter Newmark's View of Literal Translation

This paper is based on Peter Newmark's view of literal translation as the basic translation method. The author expands it by discussing three situations in which literal translation can be applied as the best translation method, including one provided by Peter Newmark, as well as its advantages over other translation methods.

Literal or Free Translation in English-Chinese Film Translation-A Case Study of Pride and Prejudice

As a method of bridging language and culture, translation has played a significant part in connecting the ideas of people all over the world and accelerating the communication in politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology. China has increased cultural exchanges with many other countries, and a great number of foreign films have flooded into our country. Thus, how to appropriately translate the foreign films becomes an urgent issue. In the process of translating English films to Chinese ones, the translator should use a method to attend to the content of the movie itself, especially recreational artistic features, as well as tremendous differences between English language and Chinese language culture. This paper attempts to compare the different film versions of Pride and Prejudice (edition 1995), and analyzes the examples of literal translation and free translation in order to reveal the difficulty of which translation method to choose in film translation. Thus, based on the comparison, we could get a tentative result that which kind of film version is more accepted by most audiences so that we can provide the film translators some new train of thought.

The Importance of Literal Translation in Transmitting Culture

The paper studies the importance of literal translation in transmitting culture. At first, this paper has a brief discussion of translation and culture, exploring the origin, development and function of translation and the relationship among culture, language and translation. This includes an analysis of the cultural elements that cause differences in cultural images, including history, custom and religion. At lasu, the paper explores the reasons why literal translation is important in transmitting culture.

Comments on Nigel Wiseman s A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine(Ⅰ)——On the“Word-for-word”Literal Approach to Translation

Comments were made on the ＂word-for-word＂ literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical concepts accurately. The so-called ＂word-for-word＂ translation is actually ＂English-word-for- Chinese-character＂ translation. First, the authors of the dictionary made a list of Single Characters with English Equivalents, and then they gave each character of the medical term an English equivalent according to the list. Finally, they made some minor modifications to make the rendering grammatically smoother. Many English terms thus produced are confusing. The defect of the word-for-word literal translation stems from the erroneous idea that a single character constitutes the basic element of meaning corresponding to the notion of ＂word＂ in English, and the meaning of a disyllabic or polysyllabic Chinese word is the simple addition of the constituent characters. Another big mistake is the negligence of the polysemy of Chinese characters. One or two English equivalents can by no means cover all the various meanings of a single character which is a polysemous monosyllabic word. Various examples were cited from this dictionary to illustrate the mistakes.

Literal and Free Translation of Chinese-English Brand Names

The present paper is intended to describe the two normal methods—free and literal translation used in translating brand names; in the meantime, some common mistakes are discussed in the process of translation. As to the free and literal translation, the paper discusses some common approaches, or techniques used in the process, which affect the effects of the brand names a lot and have direct influence on the results of the target brand names. In view of the common mistakes, the paper points out some customs, habits, religious beliefs, living environment and cultural factors, which may lead to failures in translating brand names.

Literal Translation and Free Translation

How to use literal translation and free translation in words and expressions, idiom-s ,sentences ,rhetoric ,news reports and literary works.

Blended Literal Communication in Translation

There is a natural tension between Literal and Communication translation methods and has been going on now for two millenniums. We must be faithful to the original meaning of the source language (SL) and accurate in our translation but flexible enough to communicate naturally to the target language (TL) readers. While it may seem hopeless to truly communicate with all languages and cultures, with the growing global economy and the more interdependent we become, it is even more important that we continue to try to blend our thoughts and hearts together. So with foolish confidence and wise trepidation, this paper will wade into the age long discussion on the practice of translation and teaching, attempting to reconcile the theories of literal or semantic and free or communication translation theories.

The Application of Literal Translation in Movie English——A Case Study of Downton Abbey

In recent years, a large number of overseas TV dramas appear in domestic screens. Downton Abbey, as the most popular English drama in the recent ten years, manifests the numerous aspects of the world of English upper nobles and their servants under the severe hierarchy. It is praised by the whole world. This thesis attempts to analyze the application of literal translation in Downton Abbey from the aspect of formal equivalence and meaning equivalence so as to explore the suitability and effectiveness of literal translation and find out if a literal translation can be applied to the English film's translation. The thesis first reviews the research status of movie English and points out the significance of learning it from the side of literal translation.And it gives literary translation and general introduction to key concepts that can be used in later analysis. Then, it analyzes the application of literal translation in subtitle translation of Downton Abbey from formal equivalence and meaning equivalence in order to find out the usability and validity of literal translation in movie English. Finally, it sums up the findings and limitations of the thesis.

J-Resolution Fields of Generalized Literals of L_(14)P(X)

To deal with automated reasoning of linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued logic system, a lattice implication algebra with 14 elements, L14, was defined, and the J-resolution fields of constants, propositional variables and some generalized literals of L14P（X）, which is a lattice-valued propositional logic system with truth-values in L14, were discussed. There are 4 filters in L14. For any constant a not belonging to J, a and g （generalized literal of L14P（X）） form a J-resolution pair. For a propositional variable x, if x belongs to J and g does not belong to J, then x and g form a J-resolution pair.

全方位解读literally的语义

本专栏一直在谈论英语语法话题,提倡大家要正确使用英文。英文中把不讲究语法而乱用语言文字的现象称为word crimes,即"文字犯罪"。在2014年,一首名为"Word Crimes"的英文歌曲风靡一时。这首歌曲出自素有"恶搞专家"之称的美国唱作人艾尔·扬科维奇("Weird Al"Yankovic)。

The Application of Literal Translation with the Annotation in Translation of Idioms

Idioms contain most of the rich cultural background and cultural identity,especially those formed by the historical allusions idioms and phrases.English and Chinese idioms are closely related to culture and convey different cultural features and messages of their own nation,reflecting their own rich culture.Translator should try their best to translate these differences in idiom translation.

Design of ternary D flip-flop with pre-set and pre-reset functions based on resonant tunneling diode literal circuit

The problems existing in the binary logic system and the advantages of multiple-valued logic (MVL) are introduced. A literal circuit with three-track-output structure is created based on resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) and it has the most basic memory function. A ternary RTD D flip-flop with pre-set and pre-reset functions is also designed, the key module of which is the RTD literal circuit. Two types of output structure of the ternary RTD D flip-flop are optional: one is three-track and the other is single-track; these two structures can be transformed conveniently by merely adding tri-valued RTD NAND, NOR, and inverter units after the three-track output. The design is verified by simulation. Ternary flip-flop consists of an RTD literal circuit and it not only is easy to understand and implement but also provides a solution for the algebraic interface between the multiple-valued logic and the binary logic. The method can also be used for design of other types of multiple-valued RTD flip-flop circuits.

A novel ternary JK flip-flop using the resonant tunneling diode literal circuit

A literal circuit with a three-track-output structure is presented based on resonant tunneling diodes(RTDs).It can be transformed conveniently into a single-track-output structure according to the definition and properties of the literal operation.A ternary resonant tunneling JK flip-flop is created based on the RTD literal circuit and the module-3 operation,and the JK flip-flop also has two optional types of output structure.The design of the ternary RTD JK flip-flop is verified by simulation.The RTD literal circuit is the key design component for achieving various types of multi-valued logic(MVL) flip-flops.It can be converted into ternary D and JK flip-flops,and the ternary JK flip-flop can also be converted simply and conveniently into ternary D and ternary T flip-flops when the input signals satisfy certain logical relationships.All these types of flip-flops can be realized using the traditional Karnaugh maps combined with the literal and module-3 operations.This approach offers a novel design method for MVL resonant tunneling flip-flop circuits.

Is Literal Translation Possible? Or the Ethos of a Dedicated Translator

Those who translate a verse literally are liars.——The Talmud According to popular opinion,all translations must be literal ones,that is,one should translate every text word for word without any additions.Although translation theory has developed very quickly since the 60s and shown that such a view of literal translation is much too simple,if not blatantly incorrect,these new insights into the true nature of translation work do not really play a role

＂Literal Translation＂ and the Materiality of Language： Lu Xun as a Case

With his insistence upon the literal rendering in Chinese of foreign texts, especially regarding syntax, Lu Xun＇s understanding of＂literal translation＂ strikes a rather distinct note in the modern Chinese literary scene. The intention behind this method, namely, the aim to ＂retain the tone of the original,＂ reveals a generative perception of language that takes language as not just the bearer of the already existent thought, but as the formative element of thought that has meaning in itself. This paper seeks to delineate the structural constitution of the materiality of language as grasped by Lu Xun. By comparing the notion of the ＂tone＂ to Wilhelm yon Humboldt＇s notion of the ＂inner form ~of language＂ and situating it within the genealogy of qi, as well as tracing its link with Zhang Taiyan＇s idea of＂zhiyan,＂ I will attempt to reveal the philosophical and historical basis of Lu Xun＇s principle of ＂literal translation＂ and its significance for Chinese literary modernity in general.

The mysterious Fosse Dionne spring

For centuries, people have been asking themselves what the source of the underground spring known as Fosse Dionne spring in France's Burgundy region might be, but they never got to the bottom of it, because they literally couldn't get to the bottom of it.

可能性扩展规则的推理和知识编译

在扩展规则的基础上提出了可能性扩展规则.给出了基于可能性扩展规则的可能性逻辑推理方法,利用互补因子的概念来估价推理问题的复杂度.扩展了经典逻辑的蕴含可控制类和可满足可控制类的定义,提出了可能性蕴含可控制类、不一致性程度计算可控制类的概念.在可能性扩展规则的基础上提出了EPPCCCL(each pair of possibilistic clauses contains complementary literals)理论,并证明了该理论是在最优化形式蕴含可控制类和不一致性程度计算可控制类中的,可以作为可能性知识编译的目标语言.