卡诺图在基于literal运算多值NDR电路中的应用

介绍了传统二值数字电路设计工具——卡诺图在基于literal运算的多值微分负阻NDR特性电路中的应用,提出了卡诺图不仅可以应用于基本的多值逻辑运算单元,也能用于多值存储电路的设计。利用多值逻辑电路以及literal运算的性质,结合已设计的运算逻辑单元,简便地实现了三值符合运算,为基于literal运算的电路提供了一种新的设计方法和思路,同时还能应用于其他NDR多值电路的设计中。

A Dialectical Way between Literal and Free Translation:Taking the Translation of English Similes as an Exemplar

Simile,as an important figure of speech,is widely used in various texts.And it has its own feature and different subtypes,which require that the translation methods-literal translation and free translation should be adopted dialectically in accordance with the content or form of the similes.Actually,free translation based on literal translation is much better even though adding some extensions or footnotes is employed,too.

Literal Translation plus Explanation in Translating Political Words

Political words are closely related to the current situations and affairs of China, which is often dependent on China's culture and history. Therefore it is not uncommon that there are some words with background knowledge known to the source language readers, but unknown to the target language readers. Literal translation plus explanation is particularly useful in translating these words with particular background and cultural connotations.

On Peter Newmark's View of Literal Translation

This paper is based on Peter Newmark's view of literal translation as the basic translation method. The author expands it by discussing three situations in which literal translation can be applied as the best translation method, including one provided by Peter Newmark, as well as its advantages over other translation methods.

Literal or Free Translation in English-Chinese Film Translation-A Case Study of Pride and Prejudice

As a method of bridging language and culture, translation has played a significant part in connecting the ideas of people all over the world and accelerating the communication in politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology. China has increased cultural exchanges with many other countries, and a great number of foreign films have flooded into our country. Thus, how to appropriately translate the foreign films becomes an urgent issue. In the process of translating English films to Chinese ones, the translator should use a method to attend to the content of the movie itself, especially recreational artistic features, as well as tremendous differences between English language and Chinese language culture. This paper attempts to compare the different film versions of Pride and Prejudice (edition 1995), and analyzes the examples of literal translation and free translation in order to reveal the difficulty of which translation method to choose in film translation. Thus, based on the comparison, we could get a tentative result that which kind of film version is more accepted by most audiences so that we can provide the film translators some new train of thought.

The Importance of Literal Translation in Transmitting Culture

The paper studies the importance of literal translation in transmitting culture. At first, this paper has a brief discussion of translation and culture, exploring the origin, development and function of translation and the relationship among culture, language and translation. This includes an analysis of the cultural elements that cause differences in cultural images, including history, custom and religion. At lasu, the paper explores the reasons why literal translation is important in transmitting culture.

Comments on Nigel Wiseman s A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine(Ⅰ)——On the“Word-for-word”Literal Approach to Translation

Comments were made on the ＂word-for-word＂ literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical concepts accurately. The so-called ＂word-for-word＂ translation is actually ＂English-word-for- Chinese-character＂ translation. First, the authors of the dictionary made a list of Single Characters with English Equivalents, and then they gave each character of the medical term an English equivalent according to the list. Finally, they made some minor modifications to make the rendering grammatically smoother. Many English terms thus produced are confusing. The defect of the word-for-word literal translation stems from the erroneous idea that a single character constitutes the basic element of meaning corresponding to the notion of ＂word＂ in English, and the meaning of a disyllabic or polysyllabic Chinese word is the simple addition of the constituent characters. Another big mistake is the negligence of the polysemy of Chinese characters. One or two English equivalents can by no means cover all the various meanings of a single character which is a polysemous monosyllabic word. Various examples were cited from this dictionary to illustrate the mistakes.

Literal Translation and Free Translation

How to use literal translation and free translation in words and expressions, idiom-s ,sentences ,rhetoric ,news reports and literary works.

Literal and Free Translation of Chinese-English Brand Names

The present paper is intended to describe the two normal methods—free and literal translation used in translating brand names; in the meantime, some common mistakes are discussed in the process of translation. As to the free and literal translation, the paper discusses some common approaches, or techniques used in the process, which affect the effects of the brand names a lot and have direct influence on the results of the target brand names. In view of the common mistakes, the paper points out some customs, habits, religious beliefs, living environment and cultural factors, which may lead to failures in translating brand names.

Blended Literal Communication in Translation

There is a natural tension between Literal and Communication translation methods and has been going on now for two millenniums. We must be faithful to the original meaning of the source language (SL) and accurate in our translation but flexible enough to communicate naturally to the target language (TL) readers. While it may seem hopeless to truly communicate with all languages and cultures, with the growing global economy and the more interdependent we become, it is even more important that we continue to try to blend our thoughts and hearts together. So with foolish confidence and wise trepidation, this paper will wade into the age long discussion on the practice of translation and teaching, attempting to reconcile the theories of literal or semantic and free or communication translation theories.

The Application of Literal Translation in Movie English——A Case Study of Downton Abbey

In recent years, a large number of overseas TV dramas appear in domestic screens. Downton Abbey, as the most popular English drama in the recent ten years, manifests the numerous aspects of the world of English upper nobles and their servants under the severe hierarchy. It is praised by the whole world. This thesis attempts to analyze the application of literal translation in Downton Abbey from the aspect of formal equivalence and meaning equivalence so as to explore the suitability and effectiveness of literal translation and find out if a literal translation can be applied to the English film's translation. The thesis first reviews the research status of movie English and points out the significance of learning it from the side of literal translation.And it gives literary translation and general introduction to key concepts that can be used in later analysis. Then, it analyzes the application of literal translation in subtitle translation of Downton Abbey from formal equivalence and meaning equivalence in order to find out the usability and validity of literal translation in movie English. Finally, it sums up the findings and limitations of the thesis.

J-Resolution Fields of Generalized Literals of L_(14)P(X)

To deal with automated reasoning of linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued logic system, a lattice implication algebra with 14 elements, L14, was defined, and the J-resolution fields of constants, propositional variables and some generalized literals of L14P（X）, which is a lattice-valued propositional logic system with truth-values in L14, were discussed. There are 4 filters in L14. For any constant a not belonging to J, a and g （generalized literal of L14P（X）） form a J-resolution pair. For a propositional variable x, if x belongs to J and g does not belong to J, then x and g form a J-resolution pair.

The Application of Literal Translation with the Annotation in Translation of Idioms

Idioms contain most of the rich cultural background and cultural identity,especially those formed by the historical allusions idioms and phrases.English and Chinese idioms are closely related to culture and convey different cultural features and messages of their own nation,reflecting their own rich culture.Translator should try their best to translate these differences in idiom translation.

全方位解读literally的语义

本专栏一直在谈论英语语法话题,提倡大家要正确使用英文。英文中把不讲究语法而乱用语言文字的现象称为word crimes,即"文字犯罪"。在2014年,一首名为"Word Crimes"的英文歌曲风靡一时。这首歌曲出自素有"恶搞专家"之称的美国唱作人艾尔·扬科维奇("Weird Al"Yankovic)。

Literal Translation and Free Translation

There are many kinds of ways and skills about translation, especially literal translation, free translation.

Translation of Idioms in Chinese Literature

This paper explains two approaches to the translation of idioms in Chinese literature: free translation and literal translation.Chinese idioms,in its broad sense including set phrases,proverbs and two-part allegorical,have the specific features and rich in their content.By analyzing the basic principles of translation,we can better understand how to make full use of various translation methods,which can lay a good foundation for the translation of Chinese idioms.

Shen Congwen,Literary Genius from Hunan

SHEN Congwen(1902-1988)was born in Fenghuang Coun-ty in western Hunan Prov-ince.His father was a military man,and at the age of 13 Shen himselfjoined one of the warlord armiesthat roamed much of China at thetime.He saw a lot of China whilewandering around the country withthis force—more than 20 countieshere and there across the borders ofHunan,Guizhou,Sichuan and Hu-bei provinces.As time went on,hecame to recognize that armed forceas used by the warlords who em-ployed him was incredibly destruc-tive,slaughtering the innocent anddestroying the fascinating folkloreand customs of the ordinary peoplearound him.By 1923 he had hadenough.He left the army and ranoff to Beijing,where he came underthe influence.of new ideas andbegan a course in

The Tibetan Literature

TIBET is not only the "songand dance ocean,"but also a"hundred-flower field of liter-ature."Its rich and varied Tibetanliterature is bright and colorful.Tibetan literature.Before the esta-blishment of Tibetan literature,it hadspread far and wide among the mass-es through a form of folk tales.Tosum up,a lot of Tibetan folk storiescould be divided into two categories,orally spread tales and written stories.A written story collection named"Story of the Corpse"is very specta-cular.Using a mystical corpse,thewriter tells some beautiful and touch-ing stories.These stories,reflectingancient Tibetans’thoughts and feel-ings,and paychological characteris-tics,are very interesting.Folk tales

18—19世纪中西方关于汉文典籍满译规范的歧见

18—19世纪的清朝官方与欧洲汉学先驱不约而同地关注以满文翻译汉文典籍的政治文化价值,但针对汉籍满译规范的实施效果,双方的观点却互生龃龉。本文结合翻译规范的视角,借助原始材料详细考证双方译论的歧点与原因,指出欧洲汉学家虽然积极肯定汉籍满译作为文化中介的权威性,但是对清廷关于照字翻译的晓畅性主张却总体持商榷态度。其原因或与双方当时各自面对的现实翻译需求和满文训练条件有密切关联,反映出近世中西知识界对汉籍满译的差异化认知。

权力话语理论视域下的政论文英译策略——以中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会报告英译本为例

权力话语理论认为译者在翻译过程中,受到所处文化环境下隐形权力话语的操控,译语所传达的意识形态上的信息要符合源语意识形态的要求。因此翻译活动不仅是不同文本之间的信息交换,更是在权力操控下对文本进行再创造的过程。政论文翻译是以传达党和国家的大政方针、传递中国声音、弘扬中国文化为主要目的的跨文化交际活动。它具有权威性、政治性和严肃性。翻译质量关系到对外传播的效果和国家形象的建构。在翻译过程中,应该借助权力话语理论,采用恰当的翻译策略,使翻译成为提高国家软实力的重要途径。该文以党的二十大报告英译本为例,在权力话语理论视域下分析译文中如何使用直译法、意译法、增译法和加注法等多种方法,增加译文话语权,全面展示政论文本的内涵和外延。