Chinese idioms are vivid and meaningful,which are the essence of national language.However,due to the great differences between Chinese and western cultures,the translation of Chinese idioms is an extremely complex ta...Chinese idioms are vivid and meaningful,which are the essence of national language.However,due to the great differences between Chinese and western cultures,the translation of Chinese idioms is an extremely complex task.In view of the importance and complexity of its translation,with the translation of Chinese four-character idioms in Selected Modern Chinese Essays 1 as its theme,the paper aims to investigate the application of different translation methods in C-E translation,and adopts Yan Fu’s theory of“faithfulness,expressiveness,and elegance”to judge the translation effects.Through a summary and study of the form and translation effect of idioms,the paper finds that literal translation is often used for straightforward idioms,while free translation is often used for idioms with an extended meaning,and context should be considered when selecting translation methods.展开更多
A research team led by Dr.YU Tao from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology(SIAT)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),along with their collaborators,has developed a yeast cell platform capable of converting...A research team led by Dr.YU Tao from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology(SIAT)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),along with their collaborators,has developed a yeast cell platform capable of converting a variety of low-carbon compounds into multiple carbohydrate derivatives.Through metabolic engineering and glucose inhibition regulation,they achieved high yields of glucose and sucrose,measuring tens of grams per liter.展开更多
As one of the twenty-four solar terms,"Minor Snow"is undoubtedly an important shared temporal milestone for the Chinese people.Therefore,various regions have inherited distinctive agricultural activities,fol...As one of the twenty-four solar terms,"Minor Snow"is undoubtedly an important shared temporal milestone for the Chinese people.Therefore,various regions have inherited distinctive agricultural activities,folk rituals,and culinary traditions during the Minor Snow period.This has elevated it beyond the literal meaning of the solar term,painting a vivid and inclusive picture of the Minor Snow season,rich in colors and vitality.展开更多
This paper aims at proposing some instructional suggestions for incorporating critical reading strategy into Chinese EFL class rooms. It analyzes the current situation of college English reading instruction and points...This paper aims at proposing some instructional suggestions for incorporating critical reading strategy into Chinese EFL class rooms. It analyzes the current situation of college English reading instruction and points out the possibilities and significance of teaching crit ical reading to L2 learners. It attempts to raise both English language teachers'and students'awareness in using critical reading strategy and to provide them with some feasible suggestions for applying this strategy into the real classroom practice.展开更多
Giora proposed that general principle of salience： salient comprehension of figurative and meanings are processed first and literal language be governed by a more meaning salience determines the type of processing in...Giora proposed that general principle of salience： salient comprehension of figurative and meanings are processed first and literal language be governed by a more meaning salience determines the type of processing invoked. According to the Graded Salience Hypothesis, processing familiar metaphors should involve the activation of both their metaphoric and literal meanings, regardless of the type of context in which they are embedded. Processing less familiar metaphors should activate the literal meaning in both types of contexts; however, in the literally biased context, it should be the only one activated. Processing familiar idioms in context biased towards the idiomatic meaning should evoke their figurative meaning almost exclusively, because their figurative meaning is much more salient than their literal meaning. However, processing less familiar idioms in an idiomatic context should activate both their literal and idiomatic meanings because both meanings enjoy similar salience status.展开更多
一、文学常识 1.neoclassicism-The neoclassic periodis usually taken to be the hundred-odd years1660-1798;in other words, from Dryden’smaturity to Johnson’s death(1784). In liter-ary theory and practice most writers of
超扩展规则是对扩展规则的扩充,基于超扩展规则能够求得任意两个非互补且不相互蕴含的子句所能扩展出极大项集的交集、差集和并集,并将所得结果以EPCCL(each pair of clauses contains complementary literals)理论的形式保存.基于超扩...超扩展规则是对扩展规则的扩充,基于超扩展规则能够求得任意两个非互补且不相互蕴含的子句所能扩展出极大项集的交集、差集和并集,并将所得结果以EPCCL(each pair of clauses contains complementary literals)理论的形式保存.基于超扩展规则的性质,提出一种EPCCL理论编译算法:求交知识编译算法IKCHER(intersection approach to knowledge compilation based on hyper extension rule).该算法适合难解类SAT问题的知识编译,也是一种可并行的知识编译算法.研究了如何实现多个EPCCL理论的求交操作,证明了EPCCL理论的求交过程是可并行执行的,并设计了相应的并行求交算法PIAE(parellel intersection of any number of EPCCL).通过对输入EPCCL理论对应普通子句集的利用,设计了一种高效的并行求交算法imp-PIAE(improvement of PIAE).基于上述算法,还设计了两种并行知识编译算法P-IKCHER(IKCHER with PIAE)和imp P-IKCHER(IKCHER with imp-PIAE),分别采用PIAE并行合并算法和imp-PUAE并行合并算法.最后,通过实验验证了,大部分情况下,IKCHER算法的编译质量是目前为止所有EPCCL理论编译器中最优的,P-IKCHER算法所使用的合并策略并没有起到加速的效果,反而使得编译效率和编译质量有所下降;imp P-IKCHER算法提高了IKCHER算法的编译效率,CPU四核环境下最高可提高2倍.展开更多
Political words are closely related to the current situations and affairs of China, which is often dependent on China's culture and history. Therefore it is not uncommon that there are some words with background k...Political words are closely related to the current situations and affairs of China, which is often dependent on China's culture and history. Therefore it is not uncommon that there are some words with background knowledge known to the source language readers, but unknown to the target language readers. Literal translation plus explanation is particularly useful in translating these words with particular background and cultural connotations.展开更多
Simile,as an important figure of speech,is widely used in various texts.And it has its own feature and different subtypes,which require that the translation methods-literal translation and free translation should be a...Simile,as an important figure of speech,is widely used in various texts.And it has its own feature and different subtypes,which require that the translation methods-literal translation and free translation should be adopted dialectically in accordance with the content or form of the similes.Actually,free translation based on literal translation is much better even though adding some extensions or footnotes is employed,too.展开更多
As the quintessence of Chinese culture,Chinese antithetical couplets enjoy a long history and have unique styles.Due to the linguistic and cultural elements,it is difficult to translate Chinese antithetical couplet.Th...As the quintessence of Chinese culture,Chinese antithetical couplets enjoy a long history and have unique styles.Due to the linguistic and cultural elements,it is difficult to translate Chinese antithetical couplet.This paper discusses the literal and free translation principle in Chinese antithetical couplet translation.展开更多
This paper is based on Peter Newmark's view of literal translation as the basic translation method. The author expands it by discussing three situations in which literal translation can be applied as the best tran...This paper is based on Peter Newmark's view of literal translation as the basic translation method. The author expands it by discussing three situations in which literal translation can be applied as the best translation method, including one provided by Peter Newmark, as well as its advantages over other translation methods.展开更多
There are differences between legal English and general English.Legal English relates to the legal profession.Law needs to maintain the impression of seriousness,standardization,accuracy and objectiveness,and as a res...There are differences between legal English and general English.Legal English relates to the legal profession.Law needs to maintain the impression of seriousness,standardization,accuracy and objectiveness,and as a result,legal English also has these characteristics.Compared to general everyday English,the application of legal English vocabulary requires consideration of these characteristics.In the translation of legal content,attention is also needed to be paid to the characteristics of forensic linguistics.Standardized legal terms are used in the translation of legal regulations and other content to keep the characteristics of faithfulness,accuracy,smoothness and consistency.In this paper,legal English vocabulary is discussed based on its characteristics,as well as the method of translation of legal content.For practical translation of legal English,translation methods include literal translation,free translation and addition and omission.These methods are briefly discussed in this paper.展开更多
As a method of bridging language and culture, translation has played a significant part in connecting the ideas of people all over the world and accelerating the communication in politics, economy, culture, education,...As a method of bridging language and culture, translation has played a significant part in connecting the ideas of people all over the world and accelerating the communication in politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology. China has increased cultural exchanges with many other countries, and a great number of foreign films have flooded into our country. Thus, how to appropriately translate the foreign films becomes an urgent issue. In the process of translating English films to Chinese ones, the translator should use a method to attend to the content of the movie itself, especially recreational artistic features, as well as tremendous differences between English language and Chinese language culture. This paper attempts to compare the different film versions of Pride and Prejudice (edition 1995), and analyzes the examples of literal translation and free translation in order to reveal the difficulty of which translation method to choose in film translation. Thus, based on the comparison, we could get a tentative result that which kind of film version is more accepted by most audiences so that we can provide the film translators some new train of thought.展开更多
The paper studies the importance of literal translation in transmitting culture. At first, this paper has a brief discussion of translation and culture, exploring the origin, development and function of translation an...The paper studies the importance of literal translation in transmitting culture. At first, this paper has a brief discussion of translation and culture, exploring the origin, development and function of translation and the relationship among culture, language and translation. This includes an analysis of the cultural elements that cause differences in cultural images, including history, custom and religion. At lasu, the paper explores the reasons why literal translation is important in transmitting culture.展开更多
Comments were made on the ＂word-for-word＂ literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical con...Comments were made on the ＂word-for-word＂ literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical concepts accurately. The so-called ＂word-for-word＂ translation is actually ＂English-word-for- Chinese-character＂ translation. First, the authors of the dictionary made a list of Single Characters with English Equivalents, and then they gave each character of the medical term an English equivalent according to the list. Finally, they made some minor modifications to make the rendering grammatically smoother. Many English terms thus produced are confusing. The defect of the word-for-word literal translation stems from the erroneous idea that a single character constitutes the basic element of meaning corresponding to the notion of ＂word＂ in English, and the meaning of a disyllabic or polysyllabic Chinese word is the simple addition of the constituent characters. Another big mistake is the negligence of the polysemy of Chinese characters. One or two English equivalents can by no means cover all the various meanings of a single character which is a polysemous monosyllabic word. Various examples were cited from this dictionary to illustrate the mistakes.展开更多
Both Chinese and English are rich in idioms, which contain abundant cultural information.There are many similarities between English and Chinese language, which make English idiom translation possible. However,due to ...Both Chinese and English are rich in idioms, which contain abundant cultural information.There are many similarities between English and Chinese language, which make English idiom translation possible. However,due to their totally different linguistic and cultural systems, idioms used in Chinese and English differ considerably, which make English idiom translation difficult.This paper focuses on the study ofEnglish idiomtranslation under the guidance offunctional equivalence theory. The purpose of this study is to point out what should be considered in the process of English idiom translationby summarizingthe translation principles and skills.展开更多
文摘Chinese idioms are vivid and meaningful,which are the essence of national language.However,due to the great differences between Chinese and western cultures,the translation of Chinese idioms is an extremely complex task.In view of the importance and complexity of its translation,with the translation of Chinese four-character idioms in Selected Modern Chinese Essays 1 as its theme,the paper aims to investigate the application of different translation methods in C-E translation,and adopts Yan Fu’s theory of“faithfulness,expressiveness,and elegance”to judge the translation effects.Through a summary and study of the form and translation effect of idioms,the paper finds that literal translation is often used for straightforward idioms,while free translation is often used for idioms with an extended meaning,and context should be considered when selecting translation methods.
文摘A research team led by Dr.YU Tao from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology(SIAT)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),along with their collaborators,has developed a yeast cell platform capable of converting a variety of low-carbon compounds into multiple carbohydrate derivatives.Through metabolic engineering and glucose inhibition regulation,they achieved high yields of glucose and sucrose,measuring tens of grams per liter.
文摘As one of the twenty-four solar terms,"Minor Snow"is undoubtedly an important shared temporal milestone for the Chinese people.Therefore,various regions have inherited distinctive agricultural activities,folk rituals,and culinary traditions during the Minor Snow period.This has elevated it beyond the literal meaning of the solar term,painting a vivid and inclusive picture of the Minor Snow season,rich in colors and vitality.
文摘This paper aims at proposing some instructional suggestions for incorporating critical reading strategy into Chinese EFL class rooms. It analyzes the current situation of college English reading instruction and points out the possibilities and significance of teaching crit ical reading to L2 learners. It attempts to raise both English language teachers'and students'awareness in using critical reading strategy and to provide them with some feasible suggestions for applying this strategy into the real classroom practice.
文摘Giora proposed that general principle of salience： salient comprehension of figurative and meanings are processed first and literal language be governed by a more meaning salience determines the type of processing invoked. According to the Graded Salience Hypothesis, processing familiar metaphors should involve the activation of both their metaphoric and literal meanings, regardless of the type of context in which they are embedded. Processing less familiar metaphors should activate the literal meaning in both types of contexts; however, in the literally biased context, it should be the only one activated. Processing familiar idioms in context biased towards the idiomatic meaning should evoke their figurative meaning almost exclusively, because their figurative meaning is much more salient than their literal meaning. However, processing less familiar idioms in an idiomatic context should activate both their literal and idiomatic meanings because both meanings enjoy similar salience status.
文摘一、文学常识 1.neoclassicism-The neoclassic periodis usually taken to be the hundred-odd years1660-1798;in other words, from Dryden’smaturity to Johnson’s death(1784). In liter-ary theory and practice most writers of
文摘超扩展规则是对扩展规则的扩充,基于超扩展规则能够求得任意两个非互补且不相互蕴含的子句所能扩展出极大项集的交集、差集和并集,并将所得结果以EPCCL(each pair of clauses contains complementary literals)理论的形式保存.基于超扩展规则的性质,提出一种EPCCL理论编译算法:求交知识编译算法IKCHER(intersection approach to knowledge compilation based on hyper extension rule).该算法适合难解类SAT问题的知识编译,也是一种可并行的知识编译算法.研究了如何实现多个EPCCL理论的求交操作,证明了EPCCL理论的求交过程是可并行执行的,并设计了相应的并行求交算法PIAE(parellel intersection of any number of EPCCL).通过对输入EPCCL理论对应普通子句集的利用,设计了一种高效的并行求交算法imp-PIAE(improvement of PIAE).基于上述算法,还设计了两种并行知识编译算法P-IKCHER(IKCHER with PIAE)和imp P-IKCHER(IKCHER with imp-PIAE),分别采用PIAE并行合并算法和imp-PUAE并行合并算法.最后,通过实验验证了,大部分情况下,IKCHER算法的编译质量是目前为止所有EPCCL理论编译器中最优的,P-IKCHER算法所使用的合并策略并没有起到加速的效果,反而使得编译效率和编译质量有所下降;imp P-IKCHER算法提高了IKCHER算法的编译效率,CPU四核环境下最高可提高2倍.
文摘Political words are closely related to the current situations and affairs of China, which is often dependent on China's culture and history. Therefore it is not uncommon that there are some words with background knowledge known to the source language readers, but unknown to the target language readers. Literal translation plus explanation is particularly useful in translating these words with particular background and cultural connotations.
文摘Simile,as an important figure of speech,is widely used in various texts.And it has its own feature and different subtypes,which require that the translation methods-literal translation and free translation should be adopted dialectically in accordance with the content or form of the similes.Actually,free translation based on literal translation is much better even though adding some extensions or footnotes is employed,too.
文摘As the quintessence of Chinese culture,Chinese antithetical couplets enjoy a long history and have unique styles.Due to the linguistic and cultural elements,it is difficult to translate Chinese antithetical couplet.This paper discusses the literal and free translation principle in Chinese antithetical couplet translation.
文摘This paper is based on Peter Newmark's view of literal translation as the basic translation method. The author expands it by discussing three situations in which literal translation can be applied as the best translation method, including one provided by Peter Newmark, as well as its advantages over other translation methods.
文摘There are differences between legal English and general English.Legal English relates to the legal profession.Law needs to maintain the impression of seriousness,standardization,accuracy and objectiveness,and as a result,legal English also has these characteristics.Compared to general everyday English,the application of legal English vocabulary requires consideration of these characteristics.In the translation of legal content,attention is also needed to be paid to the characteristics of forensic linguistics.Standardized legal terms are used in the translation of legal regulations and other content to keep the characteristics of faithfulness,accuracy,smoothness and consistency.In this paper,legal English vocabulary is discussed based on its characteristics,as well as the method of translation of legal content.For practical translation of legal English,translation methods include literal translation,free translation and addition and omission.These methods are briefly discussed in this paper.
文摘As a method of bridging language and culture, translation has played a significant part in connecting the ideas of people all over the world and accelerating the communication in politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology. China has increased cultural exchanges with many other countries, and a great number of foreign films have flooded into our country. Thus, how to appropriately translate the foreign films becomes an urgent issue. In the process of translating English films to Chinese ones, the translator should use a method to attend to the content of the movie itself, especially recreational artistic features, as well as tremendous differences between English language and Chinese language culture. This paper attempts to compare the different film versions of Pride and Prejudice (edition 1995), and analyzes the examples of literal translation and free translation in order to reveal the difficulty of which translation method to choose in film translation. Thus, based on the comparison, we could get a tentative result that which kind of film version is more accepted by most audiences so that we can provide the film translators some new train of thought.
文摘The paper studies the importance of literal translation in transmitting culture. At first, this paper has a brief discussion of translation and culture, exploring the origin, development and function of translation and the relationship among culture, language and translation. This includes an analysis of the cultural elements that cause differences in cultural images, including history, custom and religion. At lasu, the paper explores the reasons why literal translation is important in transmitting culture.
文摘Comments were made on the ＂word-for-word＂ literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical concepts accurately. The so-called ＂word-for-word＂ translation is actually ＂English-word-for- Chinese-character＂ translation. First, the authors of the dictionary made a list of Single Characters with English Equivalents, and then they gave each character of the medical term an English equivalent according to the list. Finally, they made some minor modifications to make the rendering grammatically smoother. Many English terms thus produced are confusing. The defect of the word-for-word literal translation stems from the erroneous idea that a single character constitutes the basic element of meaning corresponding to the notion of ＂word＂ in English, and the meaning of a disyllabic or polysyllabic Chinese word is the simple addition of the constituent characters. Another big mistake is the negligence of the polysemy of Chinese characters. One or two English equivalents can by no means cover all the various meanings of a single character which is a polysemous monosyllabic word. Various examples were cited from this dictionary to illustrate the mistakes.
文摘Both Chinese and English are rich in idioms, which contain abundant cultural information.There are many similarities between English and Chinese language, which make English idiom translation possible. However,due to their totally different linguistic and cultural systems, idioms used in Chinese and English differ considerably, which make English idiom translation difficult.This paper focuses on the study ofEnglish idiomtranslation under the guidance offunctional equivalence theory. The purpose of this study is to point out what should be considered in the process of English idiom translationby summarizingthe translation principles and skills.
