Living Conditions and Palliative Care Needs among End-of-Life Former Commercial Plasma Donors Affected with HIV/AIDS in Rural Henan of China

Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA） in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palliative care of end-of-life PLWHA in rural Henan. Methods One hundred end-of-life AIDS patients were selected from Weishi, Zhenping and Tanghe counties in Henan, using convenience sampling. The World Health Organization Quality of Life for HIV （WHOQOL-HIV） BREF Chinese Version was used to measure the quality of life and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness （MUNSH） was employed to measure subjective welfare. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to learn about the palliative care provided and the specific needs of the end-of-life patients. Results Patients’ overall quality of life was moderate （12.62±1.97）. Highest scores were in the spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, higher than the average scores in the Chinese population （P0.01）, while psychological （13.58±2.06） and environment （12.50±3.28） domain scores were similar to the latter （P0.05）. Both independence （12.15±2.15） and physiological （14.04±3.16） domain scores were lower than the average of the people living with HIV/AIDS in other studies （P0.01）; however, all were in the moderate range. The average MUNSH score was 21.00±6.20, which was also moderate. The in-depth interviews indicated that the Henan Provincial Government’s policy of treatment and care had a beneficial impact on end-of-life AIDS patients, although the care components could be improved. Conclusions Living conditions of the end-of-life AIDS patients were moderate, and the HIV/AIDS palliative care model used was beneficial to them. Care could be improved by assisting the family unit as a whole.

Living Arrangements and Conditions of Older Persons in Namibia

In Africa, ageing is a phenomenon that is just beginning to reveal its shape. Most governments, including the Namibian government, recognize the fact that the number of older persons is on the increase, however, discussing it is still a distant phenomenon and family matter. This paper examines the living arrangements of older adults in Namibia, identifying the existing structure of living arrangements and the nature of family relationships of older people, as well as provides some basic descriptive information on the housing conditions in which older persons live and how they are associated with their socioeconomic and demographic factors. The analysis is based on 1991, 2001 and 2011 Namibia Population and Housing Censuses. The study concluded that living arrangements is constantly changing from extended family pattern to western nuclear family, mainly due to urbanization and decreased fertility rate. Housing conditions had notably improved in rural areas while in urban areas the conditions are affected by the mushrooming of informal settlements. There is need to encourage or conduct focused research on ageing to help coin policies based on evidence and make communities sensitive towards ageing. The study further recommends Government to encourage old people to form organizations that would in turn focus on sensitizing and help championing issues of ageing and aged persons.

An investigation on the Correlation between Unemployment and Living Conditions in Zambia： A Case Study of Kaunda Square Stage II

Most of the Zambian population, the poor people in affluent society, are enmeshed in the net of poverty. The Zambian government seems to have failed in its contractual obligation to respect and sustain its social contract with the people. There is a seemingly total collapse of social security, increased unemployment rate and consequently decreased living conditions among the youth. This study sets out to investigate the correlation between unemployment and living conditions in Kaunda Square Stage II by analyzing the impact of unemployment and suggests strategic solutions to mitigate the levels of unemployment. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact on the living conditions caused by unemployment in Zambia specifically in Kaunda Square Stage II and adopt strategic solutions that will mitigate creation of jobs to improve the living conditions. The study underscores that unemployment is a universal phenomenon, not necessarily a peculiar characteristic of any segment of the society. Reducing poverty, preventing excessive inequality, and generating adequate employment are the three most important goals of a macroeconomic strategy that seeks to improve the living standards of the population. Inequality and employment are each a complex phenomenon and difficult to capture with a single measurement, particularly in a low-income economy undergoing change. It is in this context that the study intends to investigate the correlation between unemployment and living conditions in Kaunda Square Stage II and to provide strategic solutions that may improve living conditions in Kaunda Square Stage II. The study concludes that high unemployment in Kaunda Square Stage II increases poverty which subsequently affects living conditions. Therefore, when, unemployment rates increase the opportunities for earning income decreases which instigate individuals to be poor. The paper closes with reflections on how good strategic solutions can be used to underwrite more employment reduction strategies.

The Female's Living Conditions:Comments on The Daughters of the Late Colonel

This article is a concern of the female's living conditions in the story The Daughters of the Late Colonel written by Katherine Mansfield.The analysis will stress on the relationship between the two daughters and the people around them,through which the plight and oppression that heaved upon women and their tragical,unhappy life in the patriarchal society are clearly exposed.

One-and Multi-dimensional CWENOZ Reconstructions for Implementing Boundary Conditions Without Ghost Cells

We address the issue of point value reconstructions from cell averages in the context of third-order finite volume schemes,focusing in particular on the cells close to the boundaries of the domain.In fact,most techniques in the literature rely on the creation of ghost cells outside the boundary and on some form of extrapolation from the inside that,taking into account the boundary conditions,fills the ghost cells with appropriate values,so that a standard reconstruction can be applied also in the boundary cells.In Naumann et al.(Appl.Math.Comput.325:252–270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2017.12.041,2018),motivated by the difficulty of choosing appropriate boundary conditions at the internal nodes of a network,a different technique was explored that avoids the use of ghost cells,but instead employs for the boundary cells a different stencil,biased towards the interior of the domain.In this paper,extending that approach,which does not make use of ghost cells,we propose a more accurate reconstruction for the one-dimensional case and a two-dimensional one for Cartesian grids.In several numerical tests,we compare the novel reconstruction with the standard approach using ghost cells.

从“以机适地”到“改地宜机”的丘陵山区农业机械化路径优化

丘陵山区耕地面积、农作物播种面积均占全国耕地面积及农作物播种面积的1/3,涉及农业人口近3亿人,研究如何推进农业机械化以实现农业强国至关重要。从丘陵山区农业机械化发展的内在逻辑出发,比较分析“改地宜机”与“以机适地”,探讨丘陵山区从“以机适地”到“改地宜机”的农业机械化转换动力,结合Hotelling模型测算政府支持丘陵山地“改地宜机”的补贴标准,并对国内外案例进行分析解读。研究表明,“以机适地”的小型化农机对农业生产率改进有限,丘陵山区农业现代化、建设农业强国的根本出路在于“改地宜机”为大动力、高效率农机作业创造土地条件。为提高农业经营主体参与“改地宜机”意愿,政府应根据宜机化改造耕地条件采取差异化财政补贴,降低农业经营主体“改地宜机”投入成本、缩短投资回本年限,其中坡度在2°以下、2°~6°、6°~15°的补贴标准分别为15 000元/hm^(2)、30 000元/hm^(2)和45 000元/hm^(2),对坡度超过15°以土地原则应退耕还林还草,不宜高成本进行宜机化改造。针对国内外丘陵山区“改地宜机”的农业机械化经验及存在的问题,提出积极稳妥推进丘陵山区“改地宜机”的对策建议。

民国时期大学助教的薪酬及其生活状况

民国时期,助教在大学专任教师群体中占据很大比例。政府对助教薪俸、补贴等进行了多次调整和补充。各大学依据自身特点和条件,参照政府颁布的多项政策不断调整助教薪酬。助教在经历政府欠薪时期的艰难之后,曾过上一段温饱的生活,全民族抗日战争爆发后,生活又再度陷入困窘。助教的薪酬与教授的薪酬相比,差距较大;与中学教师、公务员的薪酬相比,也略低。通过对大学助教薪酬及其生活的考察,可以更加全面、客观地认识民国时期大学教师的生活状况。

基于信息融合子域适应的不同工况下谐波减速器故障诊断方法

针对工业机器人谐波减速器不同工况数据分布差异大,部分工况数据标签缺失以及单一传感器获取信息不全面,导致诊断准确率不高的问题,提出一种信息融合子域适应的不同工况下谐波减速器故障诊断方法。该方法将源域和目标域一维振动数据利用小波变换构建时频图;使用基于小波变换的图像融合方法整合多个传感器的时频信息并构建融合图像;提出多表示特征提取结构的改进残差网络以充分挖掘融合样本多表示特征,同时,在无监督场景下将源域和目标域融合样本的多表示特征进行子域适应处理,减小两域的各个子域间的分布差异,从而将知识从标签丰富的源域迁移到标签缺失的目标域,最终实现不同工况下谐波减速器的故障诊断。通过搭建工业机器人谐波减速器故障实验台并进行实测,所提方法在所有迁移任务中平均准确率可达98.8%,能够有效实现无监督场景中不同工况下谐波减速器的故障诊断。

跨域人脸活体检测的单边对抗网络算法

现有跨域人脸活体检测算法,其特征提取过程容易发生过拟合和缺乏特征聚合所导致的泛化性不足问题。针对该问题,提出了跨域人脸活体检测的单边对抗网络算法,将分组卷积与改进的倒残差结构融合替换普通卷积,降低网络参数同时加强人脸细粒度特征的表达能力,并引入自适应特征归一化模块,强调图像中人脸活体信息区域淡化无关背景区域,有效避免人脸活体信息的过拟合并加强来自不同源域的人脸活体检测能力。基于NetVLAD引入通道注意力机制模块,通道注意力机制模块作为特征聚合网络的分支,学习不同源域中人脸局部特征的语义信息,有效增强对不同源域的人脸活体信息分类的泛化能力。设计两模块融合网络以提高未知场景下跨域人脸活体检测精度。在OULU-NPU、CASIA-FASD、MSU-MFSD和Idiap Replay-Attack数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法在跨数据集测试O&C&M to I、O&C&I to M、I&C&M to O、O&M&I to C均有不错的表现,其中,在O&C&I to M及O&M&I to C性能评估指标分别提升了0.99个百分点和0.5个百分点的精度。

基于产教融合的商科“活”案例教学方法及操作

针对中国商科课堂互动与案例教学中存在的形式化现象,以及企业参与商科案例教学积极性低的实践难题,通过阐述商科“活”案例教学法的互动主义学习哲学,以近十年的“活”案例教学实践为基础,提炼出产教融合导向的商科“活”案例三维互动教学法,即围绕产业界的时代“真”问题来设计和实施,通过教与学、修与行、理论指导与实践评价三个维度之间不同方向的互动,以及三个维度内部不同方向的互动,强化学生思维训练、提升学生综合素质的案例教学方法。研究表明:对教学情境与案例情境的适应性调适是商科“活”案例三维互动教学法的一个明显特征,也是其区别于普通案例教学方法之处,该教学方法使案例教学中的师-生、生-生及产-教符号互动具有时代感和临场感,更有利于提升学生的专业核心能力和综合素质。

基于扰动观测器和改进自适应二阶快速终端滑模的PMLSM伺服系统控制

针对永磁直线同步电动机(PMLSM)在运行时易受到摩擦力、负载扰动及环境变化等不确定影响,设计一种基于扰动观测器和自适应二阶快速终端滑模控制方法。首先,该方法在高阶滑模的基础上结合了快速终端滑模控制,有效加快了系统响应速度。其次,在二阶滑模面的基础上引入条件积分项,该项仅作用于边界层内部,能够有效避免滑模到达阶段由于积分饱和现象导致的超调量过大及响应时间过慢的问题。此外,设计自适应切换控制律,使切换增益在合理的区间内,并根据系统状态进行实时更新,从而削弱抖振现象。最后,为进一步提升系统的鲁棒性,采用扰动观测器对PMLSM系统的集总不确定性进行补偿。经实验验证,该控制方法具有良好的位置跟踪精度和强鲁棒性,且对系统抖振现象有明显削弱作用。

基于风况预测误差自适应的海上风电场尾流偏转控制方法

风电场尾流偏转控制是降低尾流效应、提升整场发电量的重要手段。风况预测值是风电场尾流偏转控制的重要输入,其误差给实际控制效果带来巨大影响,甚至导致全场发电量“不增反降”,极大限制了风电场尾流偏转控制技术的工程应用。以某海上风电场实际运行数据为例,探索了分钟级风速和风向预测误差对风电场尾流偏转控制效果的影响,提出了风况预测误差自适应的海上风电场尾流偏转控制方法及基于深度神经网络的控制模型。研究结果表明:与不考虑风况预测误差自适应的传统风电场尾流偏转控制方法相比,所提方法的全场发电量提高了1.77%。

具有功率调节和容错能力的风力机自适应控制

水平轴风力机面对高风速变化工况时,极易出现转子灾难性失控超速运行,此时风能转换效率低于预期值,同时恶劣的环境也对桨距角控制提出了容错要求。针对这些问题,提出一种具有功率调节和容错能力的风力机自适应约束控制方案,通过自适应约束的桨距角控制实现安全可靠的功率调节,并集成容错能力以补偿可能的故障影响。介绍水平轴风力机的数学模型和运行要求,分析基准的非线性自适应约束控制方案的设计过程,并在此基础上讨论具有未知控制增益、任意初始条件和存在故障影响下的设计方案,最后搭建MATLAB仿真模型对所提出的方案进行验证。仿真实验结果表明:所提方案可以提高风力机的功率调节效率,同时在不同工况和不同故障条件下均能将转子速度和发电功率控制在安全范围内。

串联工业机器人的自适应稳态增益调整技术

由于时滞控制具有模型无关性、简单性和鲁棒性等优点,在工业机器人控制中得到了广泛的应用。然而,过高的增益会导致系统响应不稳定或振荡。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种用于串联机械臂时滞控制的自适应增益调整算法。首先,通过机器人机械臂时滞控制原理分析表明了恒定增益存在的缺陷。然后,采用滑动变量和边界条件为时滞控制设计了一种自适应增益调整算法,能够在无需大量的调整参数的条件下,自动将增益调整到满足时滞控制稳定性条件的稳定值。仿真和实验结果验证了所提自适应增益调整算法的有效性。研究结果表明,与传统的时滞控制(大增益)相比,所提算法将机械手跟踪的均方根误差和最大误差分别减小了31.2%和61.4%,并且即使在初始值不稳定的情况下,仍可以提供稳定的增益,控制性能显著提高。

变工况下动态卷积域对抗图神经网络故障诊断

针对基于无监督域自适应故障诊断方法忽略了域间数据结构信息、传统域对齐平均最大差异法全局泛化能力差等问题,本文提出一种基于无监督域自适应理论的动态卷积域对抗图神经网络故障诊断模型,分别通过对数据的类别标签、域标签和数据结构信息进行建模。通过分类器和域鉴别器分别建模类别标签和域标签,通过图神经网络将数据结构信息嵌入到实例图节点中,利用高斯Wasserstein距离来度量不同领域的实例图之间的差异。本文对比了不同工况下共14种迁移任务在各模型下故障识别的准确率。实验结果表明:基于动态卷积的域对抗图神经网络模型在变工况下的故障诊断效果均优于其他对比模型,且模型性能稳定。

计及驾驶风格的氢燃料电池有轨电车自适应能量管理策略

半独立路权运行模式下,氢燃料电池混合动力有轨电车驾驶员的驾驶风格影响锂电池荷电状态,从而对整车运行经济性有较大影响。提出一种结合驾驶员驾驶风格的自适应能量管理策略,以提高能量管理策略对工况和驾驶风格的适应性。首先,考虑不同的道路工况对驾驶员驾驶风格的影响,通过K-均值聚类算法对行驶工况进行识别,将行驶工况分为低速、中速、高速3类;引入冲击度和加速度标准差构建基于模糊逻辑的算法,对驾驶风格进行识别,将驾驶风格分为迟钝型、标准型、激进型3类。其次,建立系统瞬时氢耗量最优的目标函数,在满足约束条件的前提下,引入锂电池荷电状态等效因子修正系数,针对不同驾驶风格调整传统等效氢耗最小策略中相应的等效因子,以实现等效因子随驾驶风格的改变实时变化。最后,将该策略与传统等效氢耗最小策略、庞特里亚金极小值策略进行仿真对比分析,结果表明:该策略能实现3个动力源功率分配最优;锂电池和超级电容荷电状态波动曲线相较于其他2种策略最为平滑;在续驶里程结束时混合动力系统氢耗量为1.39 kg,具有最为优越的燃油经济性;母线电压最大偏移率最小;能使3个动力源平稳出力,具有较强的系统稳定性。研究结果为进一步提高有轨电车实际运行中对驾驶风格的适应性提供参考。

面向复杂载荷工况下的横梁多分辨率拓扑优化

针对复杂载荷条件下加工中心横梁结构的刚度优化问题,提出了一种可以有效降低模型计算规模的高精度拓扑优化方法。首先,对加工中心横梁这类结构复杂、求解规模大的拓扑优化问题进行分析,发现多分辨率拓扑优化方法可以显著降低此类问题的计算成本;其次,为进一步提高计算效率,将自适应梯度分区技术引入到多分辨率拓扑优化方法中,形成一种自适应梯度分区的多分辨率拓扑优化方法,该方法在模型拓扑更新过程中只对特定的低效离散区域进行处理,以达到进一步降低模型计算规模的目的;最后,在加工中心横梁多工况优化中,将自适应梯度分区的多分辨率拓扑优化与传统的优化方法进行对比研究,发现在相同单元网格数量条件下,新的拓扑优化方法的计算速度相较于传统的拓扑优化方法提高了约8倍。

分布驱动无人车在极限工况下的稳定跟踪控制

针对分布式驱动无人车在低附着、高速的极限工况下行驶时偏离目标路径和失稳的现象,提出一种稳定-跟踪联合控制策略,策略包含路径跟踪控制和横向稳定控制,使无人车在提高跟踪精度的同时又使其稳定性得到保障。路径跟踪模块在汽车二自由度模型的基础上,建立了最优LQR路径跟踪控制器,并引入前馈用以改善稳态误差,其次考虑误差变化的规律和路-车位置关系以及驾驶员预瞄模型,设计了改进的权重参数自适应LQR控制器;稳定性模块基于可以减小系统抖振的滑模模糊控制原理,并结合汽车稳定性参数的实际值与期望值的差值,求解出横摆力矩。其次在分配各轮转矩时建立约束条件,使得轮胎负荷率最小用以提升汽车的操纵稳定性。CarSim/Simulink仿真表明在高速、低附着的换道工况下,改进后的LQR控制器有效地改善跟踪误差,具有良好的鲁棒性。且在加入稳定性控制器后,横摆角速度与质心侧偏角的调节时间变短,极大改善了无人车在极限工况下的稳定性。

基于GADF融合RDSAN的跨工况轴承故障诊断

针对在不同工况下获取到的滚动轴承振动数据特征分布存在差异,以及由于存在噪声而导致故障特征不明显的问题,提出了一种融合格拉姆角差场(GADF)与残差深度子领域自适应(RDSAN)模型的跨工况轴承故障诊断方法。首先,为充分利用GADF在故障特征差异化显示上的优势,利用GADF来生成滚动轴承一维振动时域信号对应的图像数据集;其次,将数据集输入RDSAN模型,其中使用由改进图像集预训练的ResNet-18网络结构进行源域与目标域通用特征的进一步提取,并引入局部最大均值差异(LMMD)计算匹配条件分布距离进行子领域自适应;最后,在添加0.5 dB高斯白噪声的CWRU滚动轴承数据集上进行跨工况试验验证,结果表明所提方法的平均诊断精度达到96.8%;将所提出的方法与不同的诊断方法进行比较分析,结果验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。

因地制宜发展新质生产力的现实依据与实施路径--来自西部地区九大城市群的经验证据

党的二十届三中全会通过决定--《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的决定》,强调要健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制。作为新形势下中国经济实现高质量发展的重大部署和重要抓手,发展新质生产力绝不能出现各地区一哄而上、产业雷同和恶性竞争的局面,相反,需要结合地方自然资源禀赋、地理生态环境、人口教育水平、数字基础设施、创新研发能力等因素探寻比较优势和合适路径。西部地区作为国家安全与长远发展的重要基础,在中国式现代化进程中发展相对滞后,影响着中国经济高质量发展的总体水平。成渝、呼包鄂榆、北部湾、关中、滇中、兰西、宁夏沿黄、黔中和天山北坡等九大城市群是我国西部地区发展的重要动力源,也是西部地区抢抓新质生产力发展机遇的高地。文章基于2012—2022年中国西部地区城市面板数据,从科技生产力、绿色生产力和数字生产力三个维度构建综合评价指标体系,采用熵值法测算西部地区九大城市群新质生产力发展水平及各维度指数得分,并运用Dagum基尼系数法、核密度估计法、马尔科夫转移概率矩阵、σ收敛模型和β收敛模型考察了西部地区城市群新质生产力发展水平的时空特征、差异来源、演进规律及收敛机制。研究发现,整体而言西部地区城市群新质生产力发展水平呈现逐年增长态势,但总体水平偏低且表现出明显的梯度差异;并且存在着科技生产力水平最高、数字生产力水平次之、绿色生产力水平居末位的结构分解特征。在相对差异方面,西部城市群新质生产力发展水平的总体差异较为显著,其中超变密度和区域间差异是城市群区域差异的主要来源。在绝对差异方面,西部城市群的新质生产力发展水平的空间差异具有进一步扩大的趋势,并且存在“俱乐部趋同”现象和一定程度的“马太效应”。在收敛特征方面,短期来看西部地区的新质生产力水平差距尚未缩小,但长期来看存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛趋势,即西部城市群新质生产力水平将在长期收敛到稳态水平。因此,西部地区在培育和发展新质生产力的进程中,既要因地制宜挖掘特色优势,又要统筹合作推进协调发展。