利用生物素标记法和 Western blotting技术检测血小板膜糖蛋白

为了建立一种简便的血小板膜糖蛋白检测方法,用生物素标记血小板膜糖蛋白,然后用westernblotting法进行检测。结果显示生物素可标记十几种血小板膜糖蛋白。用以标记的生物素浓度以5mmol/L较为适宜。在Western blotting图谱上,血小板无力症患者的膜糖蛋白Ⅱb、Ⅲa与正常对照相比明显减少。结果提示该方法可用于血小板膜糖蛋白减少性疾病的检测。

Interpretation Criteria for Standardized Western Blot for the Predominant Species of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato in China

Objective Western blotting （WB;immunoblotting） is a widely used tool for the serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis （LB）,but so far,no generally accepted criteria for its performance and interpretation have been established in China.The present study was designed to determine the criteria for standardized Western blot for the predominant species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in China,in which WB was produced with strain PD91 as the representative strain attributed to predominant genospecies Borrelia garinii of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.Methods Approximately 13 bands between 14 and 100 kD were differentiated for strain PD91 by using Gel-Pro analysis software.In a study with 631 serum samples （taken from 127 patients with Lyme borreliosis and 504 controls）,all observed bands were documented.To establish criteria for a positive WB result for strain PD91,receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were used.Results The following interpretation criteria were recommended：for IgG,at least one band of P83/100,P58,P39,P30,OspC,P17,P66,and OspA;for IgM,at least one band of P83/100,P58,OspA,P30,OspC,P17 or P41.In addition,syphilis,leptospirosis and other related diseases should be excluded when the positive band is P41 in IgM.For IgG criteria,the sensitivity is 73.2%,the specificity is 99.4% and Youden index is 0.726;for IgM criteria,the sensitivity is 50.6%,the specificity is 93.1% and Youden index is 0.437.Conclusion Standardization of WB assays is necessary for comparison of results from different laboratories.Moreover,the criteria of other genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato should be determined in the future to complete the criteria of WB for the diagnosis of the Lyme disease in China.

A Study of the Technique of Western Blot for Diagnosis of Lyme Disease caused by Borrelia afzelii in China

Objective To study the technique of Western blot for the diagnosis of Lyme disease caused by Borrelia afzelii in China and to establish the standard criteria by operational procedure. Methods FP1, which is the representative strain of B. afzelii in China, was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, electro transfer and irnmunoblotting assays. The molecular weights of the protein bands of FP1 were analyzed by Gel-Pro analysis software. In a study using 451 serum samples （159 patients with Lyme disease and 292 controls）, all observed bands were recorded. The accuracy of the WB as a diagnostic test was established by using the ROC curve and Youden index. Results Criteria for a positive diagnosis of Lyme disease were established as at least one band of P83/100, P58, P39, OspB, OspA, P30, P28, OspC, P17, and P14 in the IgG test and at least one band of P83/100, P58, P39, OspA, P30, P28, OspC, P17, and P41 in the IgM test. For IgG criteria, the sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were 69.8%, 98.3%, and 0.681, respectively; for IgM criteria, the sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were 47%, 94.2%, and 0.412, respectively.

Analysis of Protoscoleces-specific Antigens from Echinococcus Granulosus with Proteomics Combined with Western Blot

Objective To establish and optimize the proteomic analysis of protoscoleces-specific antigens from Echinococcus granulosus. To provide a foundation for identifying specific antigens in the soluble proteins of E. granulosus protoscoleces for further research. Methods Brood capsules were collected aseptically from fertile E. granulosus cysts from the livers of an infected patient. The fertile E. granulosus cysts were fractured, and protoscoleces were collected by centrifugation. The soluble proteins of protoscoleces were acquired using the 2D Quant kit according to the manufacturer＇s instructions. We employed two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） combined with immunoblot assay （Western blot） to analyze the soluble components of E. granulosus protoscoleces antigens. The 2-DE and immunoblot maps obtained were analyzed with PDQuest 8.0 image analysis software. Results About 233 soluble protein spots were identified with Coomassie-stained gels. Most of the proteins had a molecular weight of 16 000 Da to 117 000 Da, and an isoelectric point value of 3.0 to 10.0. 2-DE immunoblot was conducted and 57 specific antigen spots were observed, among which 23 spots were identified. Conclusion 2-DE combined with Western blot is the key to successful proteomic analysis and presents a new possibility for searching the specific E. granulosus protoscoleces antigens.

Study of penetration mechanism of labrasol on rabbit cornea by Ussing chamber, RT-PCR assay, Western blot and immunohistochemistry

Labrasol, as a non-ionic surfactant, can enhance the permeation and absorption of drugs, and is extensively used in topical, transdermal, and oral pharmaceutical preparations as an emulsifier and absorption enhancer. Recent studies in our laboratory have indicated that labrasol has a strong absorption enhancing effect on different types of drugs in vitro and in vivo. This study was performed to further elucidate the action mechanism of labrasol on the corneal penetration. In this research, the fluorescein sodium, a marker of passive paracellular transport of tight junction, was selected as the model drug to assess the effect of labrasol on in vitro corneal permeability. To investigate the continuous and real-time influence of labrasol on the membrane permeability and integrity, the Ussing chamber system was applied to monitor the electrophysiological parameters. And, furthermore, we elucidated the effect of labrasol on excised cornea at the molecular level by application of RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. The results indicated that labrasol obviously enhance the transcorneal permeability of fluorescein sodium, and the enhancement was realized by interacting with and down-regulating the associated proteins, such as Factin, claudin-1 and β-catenin, which were contributed to cell-cell connections, respectively.

Detection of H pylori infection by ELISA and Western blot techniques and evaluation of anti CagA seropositivity in adult Turkish dyspeptic patients

AIM: To detect H pylori infection and to evaluate the anti CagA seropositivity in adult Turkish dyspeptic patients. METHODS: We evaluated anti-H pylori IgA, IgG and anti-CagA antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and Western blot in dyspeptic Turkish patients. H pylori status was determined by histology and rapid urease testing. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were entered. Forty-eight (85.7%) out of the 56 patients were positive for H pylori. H pylori IgG seropositivity was 82.1%, IgA seropositivity 48.2%. CagA ELISA showed that IgG was positive in 50% and IgA in 30.4% of those with H pylori infections. Western blot showed that IgG seropositivity was 80.4% and IgA seropositivity 33.9%. Western blot detected IgG antibodies with reactivity to CagA in 50%, VacA in 62.5%, UreB in 87.5%, UreA in 80.4%, and OMP in 57.1%. None of the tests had a sensitivity and specifi city above 80%. CONCLUSION: None of these commercial tests seems clinically useful for H pylori detection in adult dyspeptic patients, while Western blot can give seropositivity and determine anti-CagA, VacA virulence factor status of Turkish dyspeptic patients in the Izmir region.

Expression of Elk-1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Detected by Western Blot and Tissue Microarray

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the Elk-1 （Ets like transcription factor-1） expression in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） and normal lung tissues and the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological characters. Methods： To observe Elk-1 expression, western blot and immunochemistry （IHC） on tissue microarray （TMA） containing 118 lung cancers and their corresponding normal tissues were used. Results： In western blot and IHC on TMA, Elk-1 was highly expressed in NSCLC, while its expression was almost undetectable in normal lung tissues. Elk- 1 expression in NSCLC had no relationship with the patients＇ age, gender, smoking status and histological type, but had relationship with the differentiation degree, clinical stages and lymphonode metastasis. The expression was lower in early stage group （Ⅰ＋Ⅱ） than in advanced stage group （Ⅲ）, and lower in well-moderately differentiated group than in poorly differentiated group. The same trend was seen with lymphonode metastasis. Conclusion： The progression of NSCLC may be related with the increased Elk-1 expression, and Elk-1 may be regarded as a prognostic factor for NSCLC tissues.

Voltage profile generation for simultaneous multi-protein detection in western blot analysis

Western blotting is a popular technique for examining expression levels of proteins using gel-based electrophoretic fractionation followed by blotting and antibody reactions. Although this is a mature technique, one of the major limitations is the need to prepare an individual electrophoretic gel for each of the protein species to be analyzed. Since most analyses require the detection of multiple protein species, a procedure that allows utilization of a single gel for detecting multiple protein species should significantly save time and resources. In this paper, we developed a novel multiprotein detection device, which enabled simultaneous detection of several proteins species from a single electrophoretic gel. In this device, a protein transfer unit utilized a multi-anode plate that generated a non-uniform voltage profile. This voltage profile enabled uniform transfer regardless of molecular mass of proteins. In vitro experiments using samples, isolated from boneforming osteoblast cells, showed that the expression levels of 5 - 7 different proteins were detectable in the presence and absence of mechanical stimulation that activated genes necessary for bone formation. The result supports the notion that through simultaneous detection of multiple protein species, the described device contributes to reduction in procedural time and sample amounts, as well as a removal of variations among multiple gels.

Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and western blot method in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections

BACKGROUND Serologic cross-reactivity between hantaviruses often complicates the interpretation of the results.AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)and western blot(WB)in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections.METHODS One hundred eighty-eight serum samples from Puumala(PUUV)and Dobrava(DOBV)orthohantavirus infected patients were analyzed.Serology was performed using commercial tests(Euroimmun,Lübeck,Germany).RESULTS Using IFA,49.5%of acute-phase samples showed a monotypic response to PUUV,while 50.5% cross-reacted with other hantaviruses.The overall cross-reactivity was higher for immunoglobulin G(IgG)(50.0%)than for immunoglobulin M(IgM)(25.5%).PUUV IgM/IgG antibodies showed low/moderate reactivity with orthohantaviruses Hantaan(12.3%/31.5%),Seoul(7.5%/17.8%),DOBV(5.4%/28.1%),and Saaremaa(4.8%/15.7%).Both DOBV IgM and IgG antibodies were broadly reactive with Hantaan(76.2%/95.2%),Saaremaa(80.9%/83.3%),and Seoul(78.6%/85.7%)and moderate with PUUV(28.5%/38.1%).Using a WB,serotyping was successful in most cross-reactive samples(89.5%).CONCLUSION The presented results indicate that WB is more specific than IFA in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections,confirming serotype in most IFA cross-reactive samples.

以结果验证为导向的中医学八年制Western Blot实践教学

“实验中医学”是海军军区大学中医学八年制学员的主干课程。其中Western Blot是研究蛋白水平的基本方法,也是学员所必须掌握的实验研究方法。本课程以结果验证为导向的教学方式革新,最大限度压缩每个步骤的操作时间,聚焦于让学员完成最多的实验步骤,力求实验的完整性。该方法可在一堂课完成实验,展示结果并进行分析讨论。该教学方式有助于在最短时间内掌握完整的Western Blot实验技术,值得进一步推广应用。

重组N蛋白抗原检测PRRSV抗体ELISA的研究 Ⅳ.与IDEXXELISA试剂盒及Westernblot的比较

利用重组N蛋白抗原建立了检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)抗体的ELISA方法并组装成试剂盒,将试制的3批试剂盒分别与IDEXX生产的试剂盒及Western-blot进行了符合率试验。试验结果表明,所研制的试剂盒与Westernblot的符合率达97.67%以上。对460份临床血清分别用自制的试剂盒和IDEXX公司生产的试剂盒进行检测,其中有37份不相符合,用Westernblot对这37份血清进行验证,有35份血清检测结果与自制的试剂盒检测结果一致。由此表明,自行研制的试剂盒,其特异性和敏感性均能满足目前临床上该疫病的流行病学分析或免疫抗体检测。

定量PCR和Western blot结合检测回药爱康方对肺癌细胞EGFR、NF-κB的表达影响

目的:探讨定量PCR和Western blot结合检测对Lewis肺癌C57小鼠瘤细胞表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、NF-κB表达影响,观察该方对调节癌细胞信号转导作用机制。方法:小鼠自接种瘤株细胞24 h后称重、编号,随机分为8组,每组5只,分别为:1回药高剂量组(AKH);2荷瘤模型组(对照组);3回药中剂量组(AKM);4单纯化疗药组(CTX组);5回药中剂量组加化疗组(AKM+CTX);6回药低剂量加化疗药组(AKL+CTX);7回药低剂量组(AKL);8回药高剂量加化疗药组(AKH+CTX)。采用RT-PCR和western blot方法检测小鼠组织样本中EGFR、NF-κBm RNA转录水平和蛋白质表达的变化情况。结果:实时荧光定量PCR结果显示:与模型组小鼠比较,给予回药爱康方,高、中、低剂量干预后,小鼠瘤细胞中EGFR m RNA表达水平显著下调(P<0.01),而低剂量对NF-κBm RNA的表达水平无统计学差异(P>0.05),给予回药爱康方,高+CTX、中+CTX、低+CTX、CTX后,小鼠瘤细胞中EGFR表达水平显著下调(P<0.01),小鼠瘤细胞中NF-κBm RNA表达水平显著上调(P<0.01);与模型组比较,给予回药爱康方高、中、低剂量干预后,Lewis肺癌C57小鼠EGFR、NF-κB蛋白表达水平无统计学差异性(P>0.05),给予回药爱康方高+CTX、中+CTX、低+CTX、CTX干预后,Lewis肺癌C57小鼠EGFR蛋白表达水平显著下调、NF-κB蛋白表达水平显著上调(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:回药爱康方高、中、低与回药开康方高+CTX、中+CTX、低+CTX、CTX均对EGFRm RNA的表达水平有影响,仅低剂量对NF-κBm RNA的表达水平无影响,同时回药爱康方高、中、低剂量均对EGFR、NF-κB蛋白表达无影响。

疯牛病和羊痒病Western blotting检测方法的建立

以朊蛋白单抗AH6和碱性磷酸酶标记的马抗鼠酶标二抗建立了疯牛病和羊痒病的Western blotting检测方法。对Western blotting各种反应条件进行摸索,并确定了最佳工作条件,结果表明:匀浆缓冲液为RIPA时的最佳反应条件包括浓缩胶电泳电压为恒压90V,分离胶电泳电压为恒压160V,转印的最佳电压和时间为恒压100V1.5h;封闭液为3%BSA时,封闭15min,封闭效果最好;AH6的最佳稀释度为1∶4000,4℃下孵育过夜,马抗鼠二抗的最佳稀释度1∶1000,室温下孵育30min。采用已确立的反应条件对样品进行检测并与Prionics-Check WEST-ERN进口试剂盒的检测结果比较,发现其敏感性为100%,特异性为99.4%,与进口试剂盒(100%,100%)无显著差异,这为国产试剂盒研制提供了条件。

拟南芥DBB1a(double B-box 1a)蛋白的表达、纯化及Western blotting检测

PCR扩增拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)DBB1a cDNA的保守区段(GenBank登录号:AT2G21320),转化到冷诱导表达载体pCold TF上,构建pCold-DBB1a重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌DH5a。15℃下IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,并通过SDS-PAGE检测。证实目的蛋白以可溶形式在约20 kD处高效表达,与预期蛋白大小相吻合。表达蛋白经Ni琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析纯化,SDS-PAGE及Western blotting检测证实纯化后获得高纯度融合蛋白,这为进一步研究DBBl a功能奠定了基础。

麻疯树外植体愈伤组织中毒蛋白的Western-blot鉴定

The proteins from endosperm, root, stem, leaf, leafstalk of Jatropha curcas L. and their calli were hybridized to the seed toxin protein (curcin) of Jatropha curcas L. by western blot. The result showed that the curcin was specifically expressed in the endosperm and its calli, while it was not detected in root, stem, leaf, and leafstalk of Jatropha curcas L. and their calli . This study indicated that calli induced from endosperm can be used to produce curcin.

固定后乳腺癌细胞雌激素受体和孕激素受体的FCM和Westernblot检测

背景与目的:雌激素受体(estrogenreceptor,ER)和孕激素受体(progesteronereceptor,PR)水平的定性、定量检测,对乳腺癌患者预后判断和内分泌治疗效果的评价具有重要意义。Westernblot法和流式细胞术(flowcytometry,FCM)是蛋白质定性、定量分析的重要手段,但常规Westernblot法要求提取新鲜样本的蛋白质。本研究拟建立固定后乳腺癌细胞ER和PR的Westernblot检测方法,探索Westernblot法和FCM对同批固定样本ER、PR进行同步分析的可行性。方法:取不同乳腺癌细胞株对数生长期新鲜细胞和固定细胞的蛋白提取物,分别用ERα单克隆抗体1D5和PR单克隆抗体PgR636以Westernblot法对ER、PR的表达情况进行检测,并与同期固定细胞的FCM检测结果进行比较。结果:经Westernblot法检测,T-47d、MCF-7、ZR-75-1细胞可见分子量正确的ERα清晰条带,固定T-47d和ZR-75-1细胞的ERα条带较新鲜细胞的条带浓,MM231细胞ERα检测为阴性;T-47d和ZR-75-1细胞可见清晰且分子量正确的PR条带,固定细胞的PR条带较新鲜细胞的条带浓,MM231和MCF-7细胞PR检测为阴性;同期固定细胞ER、PR阳性表达的FCM检测结果与Westernblot检测结果一致。结论:不同乳腺癌细胞在经0.25%多聚甲醛(paraformaldehyde,PFA)和75%乙醇固定后,可用于ER、PR的FCM定量检测。

以融合蛋白为抗原的简化Westernblot法诊断囊虫病

目的：为囊虫的诊断提供简便有效的方法。方法：猪囊尾蚴ｃＤＮＡ表达文库中筛选出的β－半乳糖苷糖－猪囊虫ｃＤＮＡ编码的融合蛋白为抗原，进行简化的Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析。结果：四个克隆的融合蛋白（ｃＣ１、ｃＣ２、ｃＰ１和ｃＨ１）联合使用，检测１２４例人囊虫病血清中的抗囊尾蚴ＩｇＧ抗体，阳性率达９３．７％，三个克隆的融合蛋白（ｃＣ１、ｃＣ２、和ｃＰ１）联合使用，检测３８例猪囊虫病血清中的相应抗体，阳性率达１００％，均高于各克隆融合蛋白单独使用的阳性率，且与其他寄生虫病血清无交叉反应。结论：以融合蛋白为抗原所进行的Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析具有高度灵敏性和特异性，且简便易操作。

免疫组化、Western blot蛋白印迹和免疫荧光染色观察磷酸鞘氨醇受体2大鼠海马中的表达变化

目的观察磷酸鞘氨醇受体2(S1PR2)基因在颞叶癫痫大鼠海马中的表达变化。方法将72只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机均分为实验组(36例)和对照组(36例)。实验组使用氯化锂—匹罗卡品进行颞叶癫痫诱导制模,成功后持续大发作1h终止待检,对照组以相同剂量生理盐水注射,然后以进行免疫组化、Western blot印迹和免疫荧光染色检测并进行统计学分析。结果免疫组化检测结果显示,两组1d、3d、7d、28d、56d海马S1PR2阳性细胞计数相比有统计学意义(P<0.05);Western blot检测结果显示,两组3d、7d、28d、56d海马S1PR2蛋白表达水平相比有统计学意义(P<0.05);免疫荧光染色检测显示,S1PR2蛋白表达阳性为红色,星形胶质细胞为绿色,细胞核为蓝色。结论颞叶癫痫大鼠海马中S1PR2表达水平显著下降,说明颞叶癫痫发病机制可能与神经元功能、星形胶质细胞增生受到S1PR2影响有关。

Western Blot和流式细胞术检测磷酸化STAT3的比较

目的对Western Blot和流式细胞术(Flowcytometry,FCM)这两种磷酸化STAT3的检测方法进行比较。方法用不同浓度的白细胞介素5(interleukin 5,IL-5)刺激人早幼粒细胞白血病细胞株HL-60,活化细胞内的STAT3,然后分别用Western Blot和流式细胞术进行检测。结果 Western Blot与流式细胞术的检测结果一致。结论 Western Blot与流式细胞术用于磷酸化STAT3的检测各有优势,可以互为补充。

Western blot方法检测胞质中细胞色素C含量的改进

目的探讨用Western blot技术检测胞质中细胞色素C(Cyt C)的最佳转膜时间。方法取大鼠小肠上皮细胞,提取胞质蛋白。蛋白定量后,取20μg样品上样于聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)。取22μm孔径硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜),电压100 V,分别电转移15、30、60、90、120 min。NC膜用丽春红染色,蒸馏水漂洗后加入Cyt C一抗、二抗孵育,放射自显影显色。结果在转膜过程中,随着时间的增加,转移到NC膜的总蛋白增多;而Cyt C条带出现了先增加(30 min),后减少,再增加(120 min)的趋势。结论 Cyt C虽然是小分子量蛋白,但Western blot的转膜时间并不需要减少,相反要增加到120 min才能得到最佳效果。