Railway Traffic Vibration Impact Analysis on Surrounding Buildings by FEM—Case Study: TER (Regional Express Train) Dakar—AIBD

The vibrations induced by railway traffic can affect the stability of structures, buildings and buried structures. To evaluate this impact, this study was carried out considering the case of the Regional Express Train which will connect Dakar to Blaise Diagne International Airport. For that, the modeling software Plaxis dynamic [1], able to generate harmonic loads, is used and permitted to have a dynamic analysis and comparison between static and dynamic load for one passage of the train for 2.56 s. In the modeling, two behavior laws were used those of Mohr Coulomb for the layers of soil, embankments and the form layer, and then the linear elastic model for the rest of the elements. The results obtained showed extreme vertical displacements 40.18 mm for the building and when no load is applied on the track, there was 40.24 mm for a static load, and 40.17 mm for a dynamic load. Also, it was observed for the track a displacement of 33.73 mm for a static load and 19.83 mm for a dynamic load. However, further studies are necessary to take into account the permanent deformation after an accurate cycle of train passage in order to better evaluate the railway traffic impact.

黄土区楔形桩-网复合地基承载特性

[目的]针对黄土地区中楔形桩-网复合地基的承载性能进行探究.[方法]开展以几何相似常数为第一基本量、重度相似常数为第二基本量的土工模型试验,研究了不同受荷区域基桩承载能力,并通过有限元计算方法进一步分析其承载特性.比较模型试验结果与有限元计算结果,揭示了黄土区楔形桩-网复合地基的荷载沉降、桩身轴力、侧摩阻力、桩土应力比及荷载分担比等分布与变化规律.[结果]复合地基沉降变化总体趋于均匀,荷载-沉降曲线为缓变型;不同受荷区域基桩的桩身轴力、侧摩阻力呈现明显差异性;楔形桩-土相互作用与荷载和深度呈现正相关关系,但存在一定上限;复合地基中楔形桩随荷载增大能有效分散桩身应力,并将荷载由桩体向桩周土传递、由地基中心向外围扩散.[结论]楔形桩-网复合地基表现出良好的承载能力,直接受荷区桩能更高效地发挥楔形桩承载特性,楔形桩在复合地基中很好地实现桩-网-土协同作用.

Analysis of deformation characteristic in multi-way loading forming process of aluminum alloy cross valve based on finite element model

The deformation characteristic in the forming process of aluminum alloy 7075 cross valve under multi-way loading was investigated by numerical simulation method. The results indicate that there exist 4 deformation patterns in the multi-way loading forming process of cross valve, such as forward extrusion, backward extrusion, forward-lateral extrusion and backward-lateral extrusion; one or several patterns occur at different forming stages depending on loading path. In general, the main deformation pattern is forward extrusion or backward extrusion at the initial stage; the main deformation pattern is backward extrusion at the intermediate stage, and the backward extrusion and forward-lateral extrusion occur at the final stage. In order to improve the cavity fill and reduce the forming defects, the lateral extrusion deformation should be increased at the initial and intermediate stages, and the forward extrusion deformation at the final forging stage should be reduced or avoided.

Critical load position for cavities beneath CRCP slab under vehicle loading

In order to study the critical load position that causes cavities beneath the continuously reinforced concrete pavement（ CRCP） slab under vehicle loading, the elliptical load is translated into the square load based on the equivalence principle.The CRCP slab is analyzed to determine the cavity position beneath the slab under vehicle loading. The influences of cavity size on the CRCP slab＇s stress and vertical displacement are investigated. The study results showthat the formation of the cavity is unavoidable under traffic loading, and the cavity is located at the edge of the longitudinal crack and the slab corner.The cavity size exerts an obvious influence on the largest horizontal tensile stress and vertical displacement. The slab corner is the critical load position of the CRCP slab. The results can be used to assist the design of CRCP in avoiding cavities beneath slabs subject to vehicle loading.

Numerical analysis of moving train induced vibrations on tunnel,surrounding ground and structure

This study is focused on the effect of vibration induced by moving trains in tunnels on the surrounding ground and structures.A three-dimensional finite element model is established for a one-track railway tunnel and an adjacent twelve-storey building frame by using commercial software Midas GTS-NX(2019)and Midas Gen.This study considered the moving load effect of a complete train,which varies with space as well as with time.The effect of factors such as train speed,overburden pressure on the tunnel and variation in soil properties are studied in the time domain.As a result,the variations in horizontal and vertical acceleration for two different sites,i.e.,the free ground surface(without structure)and the area containing the structure,are compared.Also,the displacement pattern of the raft foundation is plotted for different train velocities.At lower speeds,the heaving phenomenon is negligible,but as the speed increases,both the heaving and differential settlement increase in the foundation.This study demonstrates that the effect of moving train vibrations should be considered in the design of new nearby structures and proper ground improvement should be considered for existing structures.

冲击荷载作用下有碎石保护结构的海底管线DEM-FEM联合分析研究

海上平台落物或抛锚对海底的撞击会对海底管线造成一定的损害。通常的防护措施是在管线的上部铺设碎石层形成碎石保护结构,从而耗散部分冲击能量。为了分析该保护结构的防护性能,运用离散元–有限元联合分析的方法,建立冲击荷载作用下有碎石保护结构的海底管线反应分析方法。在该方法中,离散元用于模拟碎石结构,有限元用于模拟其它的连续体。离散元单元和有限元单元通过在它们之间设置接触面的方式进行相互作用。计算得到的碎石保护结构对冲击能量的吸收结果与挪威海洋工程规范中建议的公式一致,且计算得到的海底管线变形规律与模型试验的结果相符。这些结果验证了该方法在评价碎石保护结构下海底管线安全性能方面的适用性。

爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土柱损伤FEM分析

采用有限元分析方法,对钢筋混凝土柱在爆炸荷载作用下的损伤程度进行了数值分析和评估,为建筑物抗爆设计和选择防爆安全距离提供一定的参考。采用有限元软件对钢筋混凝土框架柱在外部爆炸荷载作用下的非线性反应特征和损伤程度进行分析,采用一种塑性损伤模型,数值模拟分析时考虑材料的应变率效应。将混凝土框架柱的损伤划分为四个等级,并给出柱的防爆等级与距离的评估图。

挤扩支盘桩的荷载传递规律及FEM模拟研究

根据单桩静载荷试验的结果 ,全面系统地分析了挤扩支盘桩的承载机理、荷载传递性状和FEM模拟结果。通过计算分析 ,指出了承力盘的承力特性具有明显的时间效应和互补效应以及与其他桩型的不同点 。

温度载荷条件下海上发射平台导流槽结构强度分析

为保证海上发射平台导流槽结构安全,明确海上发射过程中火箭燃气流对导流槽结构的影响,针对半潜式发射平台双侧楔型导流槽结构强度进行研究,提出一种基于CFD模型计算的燃气流载荷转换为结构有限元模型载荷的方法,并利用直接计算法及显式动力学求解方法,对导流槽区域进行静态与动态结构强度分析,参照CCS以及DNV相应规范进行校核。计算结果表明,一体化式导流槽最大应力位置在导流槽支撑结构两侧,应力值为304MPa,最大塑性应变位置在导流面下方支撑结构的圆形开孔处,应变值为1.61×10^(-3)。可拆解式导流槽最大应力位置出现在导流面与两侧结构连接处,应力值为321MPa,最大塑性应变位置在导流面下方支撑结构的圆形开孔处,应变值为1.76×10^(-3),均满足规范要求。

有限单元法在堆场堆载预压处理中的应用

分析了堆载预压加固原理,以连云港港旗台港区的陆域形成与堆载预压为例,建立有限元模型,分析吹填造地工程地基沉降在时间和空间上的分布规律。计算结果表明,有限单元法可以有效地模拟复杂边界条件,克服了传统计算方法仅考虑一维沉降及固结,无法精确解决复杂边界条件的问题。根据有限元模型得到的沿空间分布的沉降数据,调整各个区域的预压堆载布置及卸载量,可解决堆场对不均匀沉降及坡降的控制要求。

空爆载荷下不同芯材夹层结构的变形和破坏

通过动力显式有限元方法,对不同芯材(铝蜂窝、泡沫铝和无芯材)夹层结构在空爆载荷下的变形和破坏特性进行了对比研究。在相同装药类型及装药量、不同炸距的情况下,考察不同夹层结构的变形过程和变形量,分析失效破坏模式,并对比研究吸能特性。结果表明:不同炸距下,泡沫铝夹层结构变形破坏程度最小、吸能特性最好,是抗爆性能最优的夹层结构,铝蜂窝夹层结构次之;夹层结构的变形破坏程度随炸距的减小而明显增大,破坏形式由弯曲发展到脱层甚至破碎。

Dynamic Analysis of A Pontoon-Separated Floating Bridge Subjected to A Moving Load

For the design and operation of a floating bridge, the understanding of its dynamic behavior under a moving load is of great importance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic performances of a new type floating bridge, the pontoon-separated floating bridge, under the effect of a moving load. In the paper, a brief summary of the dynamic analysis of the floating bridge is first introduced. The motion equations for a pontoon-separated floating bridge, considering the nonlinear properties of connectors and vehicles＇ inertia effects, are proposed. The super-element method is applied to reduce the numerical analysis scale to solve the reduced equations. Based on the static analysis, the dynamic features of the new type floating bridge subjected to a moving load are investigated. It is found that the dynamie behavior of the pontoon-separated floating bridge is superior to that of the ribbon bridge by taking the nonlinearity of eonneetors into account.

基于X-FEM的扁平巴西圆盘复合型断裂数值模拟分析

为了研究基于最大主应力准则的扩展有限元法(X-FEM)模拟含中心裂纹圆盘模型复合型加载条件下裂纹扩展行为的可靠性,利用ABAQUS的X-FEM功能对扁平巴西圆盘模型进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了对比和分析。通过分析发现,最大主应力失效准则能够有效预测中心裂纹圆盘的裂纹扩展方向,并且扁平巴西圆盘模型适用于加载角θ小于临界角θc时的裂纹扩展模拟。

基于GPU并行的锥体导管架平台结构冰激振动DEM-FEM耦合分析

该文为分析海冰与锥体海洋平台的相互作用,采用离散元(DEM)-有限元(FEM)耦合方法建立冰激海洋平台结构的耦合模型。通过具有粘结-破碎性能的球体离散单元对海冰的漂移及破碎现象进行计算,海洋平台锥体部分采用平板型壳单元构造,其整体构架及锥体内部的加劲肋采用梁单元构造,即建立壳单元与梁单元组合的锥体海洋平台有限元模型。为提高DEM-FEM耦合算法的计算规模和效率,发展了离散单元与平板型壳单元接触算法及GPU并行环境下参数传递算法。基于此耦合模型分别讨论了平台结构的冰载荷、冰激振动以及锥体应力分布,并与相关实测数据进行对比,为寒区锥体海洋平台的结构设计提供有益的参考。

基于DEM-FEM耦合方法的海上风机结构冰激振动分析

冰载荷是海上风机在寒区安全运行的重要影响因素之一,由其引发的冰激振动给风机结构带来了严重的危害.本文通过离散元(discrete element method, DEM)--有限元(finite element method, FEM)耦合方法建立了寒区单桩式风机结构的冰激振动模型.采用具有粘结-破碎性能的球体离散单元描述平整海冰损伤破坏行为,采用梁单元和三角形平板壳单元构造带有抗冰锥体的单桩式风机有限元模型.采用DEM-FEM耦合方法模拟不同冰速、冰厚条件下单桩式风机与平整冰相互作用过程,并且与IEC规范和ISO标准经验公式对比验证该耦合模型计算冰载荷的准确性.对比风机塔筒顶端和基础顶端的位移和加速度响应时程,定性地给出风机结构不同部位振动响应行为差异性.风机不同部位动力特性差异原因为风机结构独特结构特点:下部为大刚度桩基和上部为高柔度塔筒,使其动力特征表现为主从式结构特性."主-从式结构"特征使得结构在复杂的冰载荷作用下,风机塔筒(子结构)和桩基(主结构)表现为不同的响应行为,风机不同部位振动周期和加速度谱两者出现差异.本文研究成果为海上风机抗冰设计和疲劳分析提供了有益参考.

Effect of Wheel Load on Wheel Vibration and Sound Radiation

The current researches of wheel vibration and sound radiation mainly focus on the low noise damped wheel. Compared with the traditional research, the relationship between the sound and wheel/rail contact is difficulty and worth studying. However, there are few studies on the effect of wheel load on wheel vibration and sound radiation. In this paper, laboratory test carried out in a semi-anechoic room investigates the effect of wheel load on wheel natural frequencies, damping ratios, wheel vibration and its sound radiation, The laboratory test results show that the vibration of the wheel and total sound radiation decrease significantly with the increase of the wheel load from 0 t to 1 t. The sound energy level of the wheel decreases by 3.7 dB. When the wheel load exceeds 1 t. the attenuation trend of the vibration and sound radiation of the wheel becomes slow. And the increase of the wheel load causes the growth of the wheel natural frequencies and the mode damping ratios. Based on the finite element method （FEM） and boundary element method （BEM）, a rolling noise prediction model is developed to calculate the influence of wheel load on the wheel vibration and sound radiation. In the calculation, the used wheel/rail excitation is the measured wheel/rail roughness. The calculated results show that the sound power level of the wheel decreases by about 0.4 dB when the wheel load increases by 0.5 t. The sound radiation of the wheel decreases slowly with wheel load increase, and this conclusion is verified by the field test. This research systematically studies the cffcct of wheel load on wheel vibration and sound radiation, gives the relationship between the sound and wheel/rail contact and analyzes the reasons, therefore, it provides a reference for further research.

基于Femap的风帆基座局部强度分析

以上海海事大学教学实习船＂育明＂轮为对象,研究船舶加装风帆装置的船体结构强度问题,通过局部加强风帆基座和船体连接部分来保证风帆安装部位的结构稳定性。利用Solidworks和Femap软件建立了风帆基座和船体的有限元模型,计算得到该模型在10级风载荷下受风角度从0°~60°的应力和应变。最终结果表明,在10级风载荷下,该船风帆基座和局部加强后的船体的强度符合要求。

Lateral load performance and seismic demand of unbonded scrap tire rubber pad base isolators

The scrap tire rubber pad(STRP)made by natural or synthetic rubber and high strength reinforcing cords exhibits substantial vertical stiffness and horizontal flexibility,and these properties can be regarded as suitable for seismic isolators for structures.The use of environmentally burdensome scrap tires as STRP isolators might be convenient as an efficient and low-cost solution for the implementation of aseismic design philosophy for low-to-medium rise buildings,especially in developing countries.Finite element analyses of unbonded square and strip-shaped STRP isolators subjected to a combination of axial and lateral loads are conducted to investigate its lateral deformation performance under seismic loading.The rubber of the isolator is modelled with Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic and Prony viscoelastic materials,including the Mullins material damage effect.The influence of the length-to-width ratio and bearing height on the isolator performance is assessed in terms of the force-displacement relationship,horizontal stiffness,damping,and isolation periods.It is shown that the dependence of stiffness on the length-to-width ratio is significant in the longitudinal direction and minor in the transverse direction.The STRP isolators following the proposed design criteria are shown to satisfy the performance requirement at different levels of seismic demand specified by the ASCE/SEI 7-2010 seismic provisions.

Nonlinear Analysis of Axial-load and Stress Distribution for Threaded Connection

Analytical method for the distributions of axial-load and stress is based on elastic assumption, but the threaded connections are often in plastic deformation stage in practice. Meanwhile the strain in the threaded connection is difficult to measure. So it is necessary to study the reliable numerical method. At present neither the convergence analysis of the computational results nor the elastic-plastic analysis in the loading-unloading process are studied. In this paper, von Mises plasticity and kinematic hardening model is used to describe the material response. A new convergence criterion for nonlinear finite element analysis of the loading-unloading process is proposed. An axisymmetric finite element model according to the proposed convergence criterion is developed and used to analyze the distributions of axial-load and stress. It can be conclude that the stress distribution analysis is more dependent on the mesh density than the axial-load distribution analysis. The stress distribution result indicates that with increasing of applied load, the engaged threads close to the nut-bearing surface become plastic firstly. The axial-load distribution result reveals that the load percentage carried by single thread depends on the position of thread and load intensity. When the load is relatively small, the applied load is mainly carried by the engaged threads near the nut-bearing surface, when the load is larger, the differences of percentages for all threads become small. The proposed convergence analyzing procedure is applicable for other nonlinear analyses. The obtained distributions of axial-load and stress can be a reference of engineering application.

Theoretical calculation and experimental study on the load distribution coefficient (LDC) of three-ring gear reducer

In this paper, primary manufacturing and assembling errors of three-ring gear reducer （TRGR） are analyzed. TRGR is a new transmission type whose eccentric phase difference between middle ring plate and side ring plates is 120°, Its mass of middle ring plate is equal to that of side ring plate or 180°, and its inass of middle ring plate is twice of that of side ring plate, which affects load distribution between ring plates. The primary manufacturing and assembling errors include eccentric error of eccentric sheath E111, internal gear plate E1 and output external gear E11. A new theoretical method is presented in this paper, which converts load on ring plates into the dedendum bending stress of ring plate to calculate load distribution coefficient （ LDC ）, by means of gap element method （GEM）, one of finite element method （FEM）. The theoretical calculation and experimental study, which measures ring plate dedendum bending stress by means of sticking strain gauges on the dedendum of middle ring plate internal gear and side ring plate internal gears, are presented. The theoretical calculation and comparison with experiment result of LDC are implemented an two kinds of three-ring gear reducers whose eccentric phase difference between eccentric sheaths is 120° and 180°respectively. The research indicates that the result of theoretical calculation is consistent with that of experimental study. That is to say, the theoretical calculation method is feasible.