Performing analytics on the load curve(LC)of customers is the foundation for demand response which requires a better understanding of customers'consumption pattern(CP)by analyzing the load curve.However,the perfor...Performing analytics on the load curve(LC)of customers is the foundation for demand response which requires a better understanding of customers'consumption pattern(CP)by analyzing the load curve.However,the performances of previous widely-used LC clustering methods are poor in two folds:larger number of clusters,huge variances within a cluster(a CP is extracted from a cluster),bringing huge difficulty to understand the electricity consumption pattern of customers.In this paper,to improve the performance of LC clustering,a clustering framework incorporated with community detection is proposed.The framework includes three parts:network construction,community detection,and CP extraction.According to the cluster validity index(CVI),the integrated approach outperforms the previous state-of-the-art method with the same amount of clusters.And the approach needs fewer clusters to achieve the same performance measured by CVI.展开更多
Large-scale electric vehicle charging has a significant impact on power grid load, disorderly charging will increase power grid peak load. This article proposes an orderly charging mechanism based on TOU price. To bui...Large-scale electric vehicle charging has a significant impact on power grid load, disorderly charging will increase power grid peak load. This article proposes an orderly charging mechanism based on TOU price. To build an orderly charging model by researching TOU price and user price reaction model. This article research the impact of electric vehicle charging on grid load by orderly charging model. With this model the grid’s peak and valley characteristics, the utilization of charging equipment, the economics of grid operation can all be improved.展开更多
Renewable energy based distributed generation(DG) has the potential to reach high penetration levels in the residential region. However, its integration at the demand side will cause rapid power fluctuations of the ti...Renewable energy based distributed generation(DG) has the potential to reach high penetration levels in the residential region. However, its integration at the demand side will cause rapid power fluctuations of the tieline in the residential region. The traditional generators are generally difficult to manage rapid power fluctuations due to their insufficient efficiency requirements and low responding speed. With an effective control strategy, the demand side resources(DSRs) including DGs, electric vehicles and thermostatically-controlled loads at thedemand side, are able to serve as the energy storage system to smooth the load fluctuations. However, it is a challenge to properly model different types of DSRs. To solve this problem, a unified state model is first developed to describe the characteristics of different DSRs. Then a load curve smoothing strategy is proposed to offset the load fluctuations of the tie-line of the residential region, where a control matrix deduced from the unified state model is introduced to manage the power outputs of different DSRs,considering the response order and the comfort levels.Finally, a residential region with households is used to validate the load curve smoothing strategy based on the unified state model, and the results show that the power fluctuation rate of the tie-line is significantly decreased.Meanwhile, comparative study results are shown to demonstrate the advantages of the unified state model based load curve smoothing strategy.展开更多
In this article, elastic-plastic curved crack tip opening displacement maximum in hardened material under dynamic loads has been studied, and curved crack tip opening displacement has been calculated as a practical ap...In this article, elastic-plastic curved crack tip opening displacement maximum in hardened material under dynamic loads has been studied, and curved crack tip opening displacement has been calculated as a practical application of a second order perturbation method and theorem of surname KA, where the effects of dynamic applied stresses and dynamic normal and shear stresses on the boundaries of plastic area are synthetically taken into considerations. Diagrams have been constructed to analyz the transformation relationships between the curved crack tip opening displacement and the work hardening exponents. Curved crack tip opening displacement will decrease with the increasing of hardening exponents in hardened material. The decrease extent of curved crack tip dynamic opening displacement will be more and more severe when hardening exponents increase evenly. Maximum dynamic opening displacement of curved crack tip will decrease when external load decrease with the same hardening exponents展开更多
基金Supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61432006)。
文摘Performing analytics on the load curve(LC)of customers is the foundation for demand response which requires a better understanding of customers'consumption pattern(CP)by analyzing the load curve.However,the performances of previous widely-used LC clustering methods are poor in two folds:larger number of clusters,huge variances within a cluster(a CP is extracted from a cluster),bringing huge difficulty to understand the electricity consumption pattern of customers.In this paper,to improve the performance of LC clustering,a clustering framework incorporated with community detection is proposed.The framework includes three parts:network construction,community detection,and CP extraction.According to the cluster validity index(CVI),the integrated approach outperforms the previous state-of-the-art method with the same amount of clusters.And the approach needs fewer clusters to achieve the same performance measured by CVI.
文摘Large-scale electric vehicle charging has a significant impact on power grid load, disorderly charging will increase power grid peak load. This article proposes an orderly charging mechanism based on TOU price. To build an orderly charging model by researching TOU price and user price reaction model. This article research the impact of electric vehicle charging on grid load by orderly charging model. With this model the grid’s peak and valley characteristics, the utilization of charging equipment, the economics of grid operation can all be improved.
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program)(No.2015AA050403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51677124,No.51607033,No.51607034)Research and Demonstration on Combined Optimal Operation and Testing Technology for New Distributed Energy,Energy Storage and Active Load of State Grid Corporation of China
文摘Renewable energy based distributed generation(DG) has the potential to reach high penetration levels in the residential region. However, its integration at the demand side will cause rapid power fluctuations of the tieline in the residential region. The traditional generators are generally difficult to manage rapid power fluctuations due to their insufficient efficiency requirements and low responding speed. With an effective control strategy, the demand side resources(DSRs) including DGs, electric vehicles and thermostatically-controlled loads at thedemand side, are able to serve as the energy storage system to smooth the load fluctuations. However, it is a challenge to properly model different types of DSRs. To solve this problem, a unified state model is first developed to describe the characteristics of different DSRs. Then a load curve smoothing strategy is proposed to offset the load fluctuations of the tie-line of the residential region, where a control matrix deduced from the unified state model is introduced to manage the power outputs of different DSRs,considering the response order and the comfort levels.Finally, a residential region with households is used to validate the load curve smoothing strategy based on the unified state model, and the results show that the power fluctuation rate of the tie-line is significantly decreased.Meanwhile, comparative study results are shown to demonstrate the advantages of the unified state model based load curve smoothing strategy.
基金Henan Province Basic and Advanced Technology Research Plan Project(152300410003)The Training Program of the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91016026)
文摘In this article, elastic-plastic curved crack tip opening displacement maximum in hardened material under dynamic loads has been studied, and curved crack tip opening displacement has been calculated as a practical application of a second order perturbation method and theorem of surname KA, where the effects of dynamic applied stresses and dynamic normal and shear stresses on the boundaries of plastic area are synthetically taken into considerations. Diagrams have been constructed to analyz the transformation relationships between the curved crack tip opening displacement and the work hardening exponents. Curved crack tip opening displacement will decrease with the increasing of hardening exponents in hardened material. The decrease extent of curved crack tip dynamic opening displacement will be more and more severe when hardening exponents increase evenly. Maximum dynamic opening displacement of curved crack tip will decrease when external load decrease with the same hardening exponents