Our research focused on the analy sis of concrete deterioration mechan ism under the coup ling effects of flexural load,cy clic wetting and dry ing, and sulfate. The relative dy namic modulus of elasticity of a corrod...Our research focused on the analy sis of concrete deterioration mechan ism under the coup ling effects of flexural load,cy clic wetting and dry ing, and sulfate. The relative dy namic modulus of elasticity of a corroded concrete samp le was tested, and scannin g electron microscop e was used to observe the microstructure of concrete under the coup ling effects of flexural load,cy clic wetting and dry ing, and sulf ate. Results manif ested that flexur al load and cy clic wetting and dry ing durin g the concrete service chan ged the corrosion p rocess of the sulfate mediu m in con crete and enh anced the deterioration of con crete p erforman ce.Furthermore, the influencin g p atterns of strength grade of concr ete, mass concentration of sulfate solution, and mineral admixtures on the degree of concrete deterioration were identified.展开更多
Primary liver cancer is an important cause of cancer death,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accounts for 70%-85% of total liver cancer worldwide.Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection contributes to > 75% of HCC...Primary liver cancer is an important cause of cancer death,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accounts for 70%-85% of total liver cancer worldwide.Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection contributes to > 75% of HCC cases.High serum viral load is the most reliable indicator of viral replication in predicting development of HCC.HBV genotype C is closely associated with HCC in cirrhotic patients aged > 50 years,whereas genotype B is associated with development of HCC in non-cirrhotic young patients and postoperative relapse of HCC.Different HBV subgenotypes have distinct patterns of mutations,which are clearly associated with increased risk of HCC.Mutations accumulate during chronic HBV infection and predict occurrence of HCC.Chronic inflammation leads to increased frequency of viral mutation via cellular cytidine deaminase induction.Mutations are negatively selected by host immunity,whereas some immuno-escaped HBV mutants are active in hepatocarcinogenesis.Inflammatory pathways contribute to the inflammation-necrosis-regeneration process,ultimately HCC.Their hallmark molecules can predict malignancy in HBV-infected subjects.Continuing inflammation is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and closely related to recurrence and metastasis.HBV load,genotype C,viral mutations and expression of inflammatory molecules in HBV-related HCC tissues are significantly associated with poor prognosis.Imbalance between intratumoral CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells or Th1 and Th2 cytokines in peritumoral tissues can predict prognosis of HBV-related HCC.These factors are important for developing active prevention and surveillance of HBV-infected subjects who are more likely to develop HCC,or for tailoring suitable treatment to improve survival or postpone postoperative recurrence of HCC.展开更多
基金Funded by Fujian Education Department(Nos.JA11329 and JA12412)Quanzhou(Fujian)Techno logy Research and Development Program(Nos.2013Z158,2013Z47,and 2010G7)
文摘Our research focused on the analy sis of concrete deterioration mechan ism under the coup ling effects of flexural load,cy clic wetting and dry ing, and sulfate. The relative dy namic modulus of elasticity of a corroded concrete samp le was tested, and scannin g electron microscop e was used to observe the microstructure of concrete under the coup ling effects of flexural load,cy clic wetting and dry ing, and sulf ate. Results manif ested that flexur al load and cy clic wetting and dry ing durin g the concrete service chan ged the corrosion p rocess of the sulfate mediu m in con crete and enh anced the deterioration of con crete p erforman ce.Furthermore, the influencin g p atterns of strength grade of concr ete, mass concentration of sulfate solution, and mineral admixtures on the degree of concrete deterioration were identified.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81025015 and No. 30921006
文摘Primary liver cancer is an important cause of cancer death,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accounts for 70%-85% of total liver cancer worldwide.Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection contributes to > 75% of HCC cases.High serum viral load is the most reliable indicator of viral replication in predicting development of HCC.HBV genotype C is closely associated with HCC in cirrhotic patients aged > 50 years,whereas genotype B is associated with development of HCC in non-cirrhotic young patients and postoperative relapse of HCC.Different HBV subgenotypes have distinct patterns of mutations,which are clearly associated with increased risk of HCC.Mutations accumulate during chronic HBV infection and predict occurrence of HCC.Chronic inflammation leads to increased frequency of viral mutation via cellular cytidine deaminase induction.Mutations are negatively selected by host immunity,whereas some immuno-escaped HBV mutants are active in hepatocarcinogenesis.Inflammatory pathways contribute to the inflammation-necrosis-regeneration process,ultimately HCC.Their hallmark molecules can predict malignancy in HBV-infected subjects.Continuing inflammation is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and closely related to recurrence and metastasis.HBV load,genotype C,viral mutations and expression of inflammatory molecules in HBV-related HCC tissues are significantly associated with poor prognosis.Imbalance between intratumoral CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells or Th1 and Th2 cytokines in peritumoral tissues can predict prognosis of HBV-related HCC.These factors are important for developing active prevention and surveillance of HBV-infected subjects who are more likely to develop HCC,or for tailoring suitable treatment to improve survival or postpone postoperative recurrence of HCC.
