Minimum Load-curtailment in Transmission Network Planning Considering Integrated Wind Farms

提出应用鲁棒线性优化理论来研究电网规划中含多个风电场的最小切负荷量计算问题,为含多个风电场的系统安全性研究提供了一条新的思路。根据Seng-Cheol Kang提出的鲁棒线性优化理论,建立电网规划中考虑风电场影响的最小切负荷量模型。该模型以出力上下限和出力期望值来描述风电场的出力,最终转化为一确定性的线性规划问题并进行求解。在计及或不计及发电机调整的情况下,该模型均能够给出最安全的切负荷方案,除此以外还能给出更多介于最可靠与最经济之间的切负荷方案,实现灵活决策;在计及发电机出力可调的情况下,该模型能够给出相应的发电机出力方案;该模型能够初步给出各种切负荷方案下电网规划方案的可靠程度。基于修正的Garver’s 6节点系统和修正的巴西南部46节点系统算例测试结果验证了该方法的有效性。

Analysis of the Application of Static Load Test in Bridge Bearing Capacity Testing

This article uses real engineering projects as examples to analyze how static load test technology is applied in testing the bridge-bearing capacity.The analysis covers aspects such as testing section layout,test load and efficiency coefficient,loading plan,evaluation optimization,test result modification,and result evaluation.The aim is to support the accurate detection and evaluation of bridge-bearing capacity.

Effective Virtual Reality Based Building Navigation Using Dynamic Loading and Path Optimization

Although computer capabilities have been improved significantly, a large-scale virtual reality （VR） system demands much more in terms of memory and computation than the current computer systems can offer. This paper discusses two important issues related to VR performance and applications in building navigation. These are dynamic loading of models based on cell segmentation for the optimal VR operation, and the route optimization based on path planning for easy navigation. The VR model of engineering and information technology complex （EITC） building at the University of Manitoba is built as an example to show the feasibility of the proposed methods. The reality, enhanced by three-dimensional （3D） real-time interactivity and visualization, leads navigators into a state of the virtual building immersion.

A Critical Review of Machine Loading Problem in Flexible Manufacturing System

Production planning is the foremost task for manufacturing firms to deal with, especially adopting Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) as the manufacturing strategy for production seeking an optimal balance between productivity-flexibility requirements. Production planning in FMS provides a solution to problems regarding part type selection: machine grouping, production ratio, resource allocation and loading problem. These problems need to be solved optimally for maximum utilization of resources. Optimal solution to these problems has been a focus of attention in production and manufacturing, industrial and academic research since a number of decades. Evolution of new optimization techniques, software, technology, machines and computer languages provides the scope of a better optimal solution to the existing problems. Thus there remains a need of research to solve the problem with latest tools and techniques for higher optimal use of available resources. As an objective, the researchers need to reduce the computational time and cost, complexity of the problem, solution approach viz. general or customized, better user friendly communication with machine, higher freedom to select the desired objective(s) type(s) for optimal solution to the problem. As an approach to the solution to the problem, a researcher first needs to go for an exhaustive literature review, where the researcher needs to find the research gaps, compare and analyze the tools and techniques used, number of objectives considered for optimization and need, and scope of research for the research problem. The present study is a review paper analyzing the research gaps, approach and techniques used, scope of new optimization techniques or any other research, objectives considered and validation approaches for loading problems of production planning in FMS.

Application of Interval Algorithm in Rural Power Network Planning

Rural power network planning is a complicated nonlinear optimized combination problem which based on load forecasting results, and its actual load is affected by many uncertain factors, which influenced optimization results of rural power network planning. To solve the problems, the interval algorithm was used to modify the initial search method of uncertainty load mathematics model in rural network planning. Meanwhile, the genetic/tabu search combination algorithm was adopted to optimize the initialized network. The sample analysis results showed that compared with the certainty planning, the improved method was suitable for urban medium-voltage distribution network planning with consideration of uncertainty load and the planning results conformed to the reality.

A New Model for Transmission Network Expansion and Reactive Power Planning in a Deregulated Environment

Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) is a challenging issue especially in new restructured electricity mar-kets environment. TNEP can be incorporated with reactive power planning in which the operating conditions will be satisfied. In this paper a combinatorial mathematical model has been presented to solve transmission expansion and reactive power planning problem (TEPRPP) simultaneously. The proposed model is a non-convex problem having a mixed integer nonlinear nature where the number of candidate solutions to be evaluated increases exponentially according to the system size. The objective function of TEPRPP comprises the new circuits’ investment and production costs as well as load curtailment penalty payments. A real genetic algorithm (RGA) aimed to obtaining a significant quality solution to handle such a complicated problem has been employed. An interior point method (IPM) is applied to solve the proposed concurrent optimization problem in the solution steps of TEPRPP model. This paper proposes a new methodology for the best location as well as the capacity of VAr sources;it is tested on two well-known systems;the Garver and IEEE 24-bus systems. The obtained results show the capability and the viability of the proposed TEPRPP model incorporating operating conditions.

一种基于曲率和B样条的矿区装载车辆连续路径规划方法

矿区装载车辆的任务是从进入点到装载点进行装载,然后离开矿区。在进入装载点前,车辆要在回转点改变行进方向,以便倒车进入装载点。针对装载车辆的任务特点,本文提出了一种基于曲率和B样条的路径规划方法。首先,基于车辆运动模型设计了A*算法的成本函数,获得了与车辆转弯半径相关的离散路径。为了进一步获得装载车辆的连续路径,又提出了改进的B样条插值法,使得连续路径两端切线符合车辆起始点和终点的位姿。随后,基于模拟退火算法,获得了车辆的回转点,使得车辆可以在进入装载点前改变前进方向。仿真结果表明,所提出的连续路径规划方法能够保证生成曲率连续的装载车辆路径,并保证路径两端符合车辆在起始点和终点的位姿,为矿区装载车辆的自动驾驶技术提供了基础。

Modeling Simulation Technology Research for Distribution Network Planning

This paper proposes to use the power system simulation software CYME to plan, model and simulate for an actual distribution network for improving the reliability and efficiency, enhancing the efficiency and capacity, simulating the abnormal condition of distribution network, and presenting operation program of safe, reliable and having simulation record statements. The modeling simulation results show that the software module has lots of advantages including high accuracy, ideal reliability, powerful practicality in simulation and analysis of distribution network, it only need to create once model, the model can sufficiently satisfy multifarious types of simulation analysis required for the distribution network planning.

基于源荷互动的储能分层规划方法

随着新能源渗透率不断增加,储能成为源、网、荷各侧平抑功率波动的重要灵活性调节资源。当前电力系统由“源随荷动”衍变为“源荷互动”,储能的规划难度进一步加大。针对如何提高储能规划的准确性,首先分析了传统储能容量规划方法的不足之处;探讨了基于源荷互动的储能分层规划模型的建模机理及框架;其次构建了储能全寿命周期经济性优化模型,并提出了一种基于源荷互动的结构化分层规划方法;最后基于该方法开发了规划软件,通过实际算例验证了所提方法,可实现精细建模与准确规划。

基于改进加权距离的建成区布线及供电范围调整

针对建成区源荷空间发展与配电网供电范围调整及其建设改造之间的复杂耦合关系,提出一种基于改进加权距离的建成区布线及供电范围调整方法。首先,结合建成区与新建区自动布线的技术差异性,建立建成区配电网供电范围调整及其自动布线一体化优化框架;其次,提出考虑新增源荷归属动态调整的新建线路待选条数区间计算方法;然后,综合考虑负载率越限改进效果和源荷距离特征,提出基于改进加权距离的新建线路供电范围划分和基于混合整数线性优化的网架布局方法;最后,通过所提实例验证模型和方法的经济性与实用性。

Concept Selection for Hydrocarbon Field Development Planning

Two methodologies to rank exploitation scenarios for hydrocarbon fields during screening and concept selection stages are described and compared. First a selection based on net present value valuation is introduced and an explanation on its limitations for field planning are given thus, a second selection based on a multiattribute decision model where other technical factors not directly associated to economics such as operability and reliability are considered. A comparison of net present value and the multiattribute decision model on a concept selection study case shows differences on the scenario selection for exploitation. Sources of the different outcomes between the two methodologies are identified. A stochastic analysis for the multiattribute decision model is performed to have a complete view of the possible outcomes since the factors in the multiattribute decision model are measured qualitatively and their values can vary depending on experts’ knowledge and experience. Recommendations obtained from the methodologies studied for screening and concept selection are given.

保障极端高温事件下负荷可靠供应的楼宇综合能源规划

近年来极端高温事件频发,负荷侧用电需求激增,电源侧供应能力不足,有必要开展保障极端高温事件下商业综合体楼宇负荷可靠供应的综合能源规划研究。首先,对极端高温事件影响进行建模,并划分重要负荷可靠供应集合,同时建立电价型需求响应改变负荷曲线,在极端高温事件下,叠加激励型需求响应来进一步降低负荷水平,考虑经济因素与心理因素对其用户响应概率的影响,并对其不确定性进行描述;其次,以楼宇的规划周期内年总规划成本最优为目标,建立决策楼宇各能源设备型号及台数的楼宇极端高温事件下负荷可靠供应规划模型。利用综合范数约束普通场景、布尔变量约束极端高温场景的概率分布的分布鲁棒优化模型应对屋顶分布式光伏、光伏幕墙及负荷的不确定性。最后,通过算例表明,所提模型在保障极端事件下负荷可靠供应方面具有良好的经济性及鲁棒性。研究成果可为楼宇综合能源规划提供一定的参考。

考虑柔性负荷整形的含源配电线路升级与开关配置综合优化

针对高比例分布式光伏接入造成配电线路重过载的问题,提出一种基于时序互补线路互联和柔性负荷整形的配电线路升级与开关配置综合优化方法。考虑柔性负荷功率调节意愿、线路负载率与功率反送约束,提出柔性负荷整形潜力和线路分段整形需求计算方法。以此为基础,建立了考虑柔性负荷整形的含源配电线路升级与开关配置综合优化双层模型。其中,上层模型以配电线路年规划成本最低、线路段净负荷功率和柔性资源均衡为目标进行线路选型和开关配置,下层模型以线路年运行成本最低为目标进行网络重构和负荷曲线整形,通过上、下层模型交互迭代获得互联线路改造优化方案。上、下层模型分别采用非支配排序遗传算法、二阶锥与大M法进行求解。算例仿真结果表明,所提方法可以提高互联线路资产利用率、规划方案的经济性和可靠性,对互联线路进行柔性负荷整形有利于突破线路负载率50%的限制。

考虑下游氢负荷的氢-电耦合配电网容量规划

针对大规模光伏并网下配电网灵活性不足以及当前市场环境下氢能交易价格过高的问题,提出一种考虑下游氢负荷的氢-电耦合配电网协同规划模型。计及氢能设备的运行特性,构建包含电制氢、燃料电池、储氢罐和电储能的氢-电耦合配电网运行模型,并进一步基于光伏出力和负荷的波动性确定配电网的灵活性供需情况;对不同领域的用氢负荷进行建模,以系统总体投资和运行成本最小为优化目标,在满足所有设备投资和运行约束的前提下,构建考虑氢负荷需求的氢-电耦合配电网规划模型;以IEEE 33节点配电网为算例进行测试,结果表明氢-电耦合能够有效提升配电网的经济性(综合成本降低了3.8%)和灵活性(上调、下调灵活性分别提升了34.7%、37.6%),并大幅削减下游用氢负荷的购氢成本。

面向桁架攀爬的三分支机器人步态规划方法

为解决载荷大范围在轨平稳搬运问题,设计三分支机器人面向桁架攀爬的步态规划方法,使其能够平稳搬运载荷运动到部署位置完成大型航天器组装任务。以21自由度三分支机器人为研究对象,结合桁架结构划分多种攀爬步态单元;针对每种步态单元规划了单元周期内2条攀爬分支的交替夹持顺序以及末端的夹持位姿;针对大范围桁架搬运任务,基于可夹持区域构建表征桁架表面任意两杆间可过渡性的邻接矩阵,并利用Floyd算法生成距离矩阵与路径矩阵,规划出任意两杆间的最短攀爬路径,并将路径中的桁架杆件节点序列映射为机器人可执行的步态单元序列;基于三次B样条曲线对每种步态单元周期内2条攀爬分支的末端轨迹进行规划,实现攀爬分支末端在两夹持点间的攀爬过渡。仿真实验表明:所设计的步态规划方法能够使机器人实现在不同位置关系的桁架杆件之间的过渡,从而具备到达桁架表面任意位置的能力。

计及P2G的综合能源系统CCUS容量规划

考虑到碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)是对电转气(P2G)过程中二氧化碳(CO_(2))来源的细化,文中提出对综合能源系统(IES)进行电-氢-氧-甲烷-二氧化碳和虚拟二氧化碳等P2G过程的定性定量建模,以及对风-光-电动汽车-负荷等随机源荷进行时空聚类以深度挖掘IES氢源碳源潜力的CCUS设备容量规划模型。以阶梯正负碳交易、弃风弃光惩罚和年设备投资成本等的年综合成本最低为目标,以碳捕集、碳存储和甲烷化等CCUS设备功率容量限值为全局变量对电气平衡和能量耦合进行二次约束,经过混合整数线性化处理后利用Cplex求解。算例分析表明,源荷时空聚类可在典型日场景缩减时保留IES廉价碳源氢源特征,合理规划后的CCUS设备可兼具弃风消纳和碳减排功能,使P2G制取的天然气更具市场竞争力。

民用航空运输载重配平问题研究综述

为了解当前飞机载重配平的发展水平和研究进展,并为后续配载技术研究与应用提供借鉴,首先,介绍了载重平衡中的重量、重心和重心包线的概念。其次,总结了民用航空货运配载问题的3个研究方向:货物运输计划、货物装箱问题、集装器装载配平问题,并根据研究时间进程将集装器装载配平问题分为启发式算法和(混合)整数线性规划方法。然后,介绍了配载技术的发展及应用现状,总结分析了航空公司配载发展过程,把配载技术的应用发展分为手工配载、计算机辅助的半手工配载、自动配载3个阶段;通过文献综述发现,近期配载研究由于采用简化的目标重心偏差约束,从而造成研究与实际应用出现较大差距。最后,对配载技术提出了展望,认为未来的配载技术将以实际重心包线为基础,由枚举法过渡到整数规划方法,逐步实现配载优化,并借助机器学习等技术融入公司偏好和运行经验,从而实现属于航空公司偏好的智能配载方案。

考虑动态重构和智能软开关接入的配电网源网荷储联合规划

随着新能源大量接入配电网,新能源出力的不确定性和波动性给配电网规划带来了巨大挑战。在配电网规划中综合考虑源网荷储,可减少新能源不确定性和波动性对规划结果的影响。提出了一种考虑动态重构和智能软开关接入的配电网源网荷储联合规划方法。首先,根据密度峰值聚类的思想提出了基于密度峰值改进的近邻传播聚类算法,对风光荷联合场景进行聚类获得典型日曲线。然后,以规划总费用最小为目标函数,建立了考虑动态重构和智能软开关接入的配电网源网荷储联合规划模型,并基于二阶锥理论,将原非凸非线性规划模型转化为混合整数二阶锥规划模型。最后,在Portugal 54算例上进行仿真验证,证明了所提模型和方法的有效性。

考虑新能源爬坡的风光火耦合系统源荷匹配性分析及容量优化配置

风力发电、光伏发电与火力发电经同一点并网形成耦合系统,是我国北方地区发电侧灵活性调节电源与新能源间高效、低碳协同的一种形式.考虑区域新能源爬坡特性,结合源荷匹配分析,发掘和利用其规律,研究风光火耦合系统的容量优化配置方法,为耦合系统规划提供参考.首先,简述耦合系统运行模式和不确定性处理方法;其次,考虑耦合系统风光互补、爬坡事件和关键负荷特性,选取并提出相关指标用于源荷匹配评价;再次,考虑源荷特性、匹配、成本和收益等约束,建立耦合系统容量优化配置模型;最后,基于辽宁地区实际数据进行算例仿真,得到该地区耦合系统风、光的最优安装容量,并分析上述源荷相关因素与容量优化配置结果之间的相互影响,为新能源最优容量配置提供了参考与建议.

新型配电系统中考虑电动汽车差异化行为特性的充换电站规划方法

随着电动汽车用户数量的增加,研究电动汽车差异化行为特性对高比例新能源配电网的影响具有重要意义。通过蒙特卡洛法对电动私家车负荷特性进行建模,同时提出电动公交车在3种差异化行为特性、补能模式下的负荷特性模型;以网损和充换电站成本最小、光伏消纳最大为目标,建立了含分布式电源以及不同种类电动汽车充换电站的配电网协同规划模型,采用yalmip工具箱结合cplex求解器进行求解,旨在规划差异化电动汽车充换电站容量以解决电动汽车类型比例不同时的规划问题。最后,通过改进的IEEE 33节点配电系统算例验证了所提模型的有效性。