‘Co-control',or synergistically reducing CO_(2)and local air polluta nt emissions,is an important strategy for cities to achieve'low carb on'and'blue sky'simultaneously.However,there were few stud...‘Co-control',or synergistically reducing CO_(2)and local air polluta nt emissions,is an important strategy for cities to achieve'low carb on'and'blue sky'simultaneously.However,there were few studies to evaluate and compare the level of co-control of CO_(2) and local air pollutants in cities year.The present study proposed qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the level of co-control of CO_(2)and three local air pollutant(SO_(2).NOX,and particulate matter PM)emissions in key environmental protection cities in China over two periods(2012-2015 and 2015-2018).Statistical analysis found that,though three local air pollutant emissions positively correlated with CO_(2) emission,no significantly positive correlation was found between local air pollutants emission reductions and CO_(2) emission reductions,indicating that co-control effects were poor in general.By using the co-control effect coordinate system,qualitative evaluation showed that less than half of the sample cities could achieve co-control of the total amount of CO_(2) and local air pollutants.By employing the indicator of emission reduction equivalence(EReq),quantitative evaluation showed that the co-control level of the sample cities improved in 2015-2018 compared with 2012-2015.Further regression analysis showed that,reducing coal consumption and economic development significantly enhanced the co-control performance of the observed cities.The present case study proved that the proposed methods for evaluation and comparison of the city co-control performance works well,and can be used in other countries and regions to promote global cities racing to carbon and local air pollutants co-control.展开更多
This paper sets up a mathematical model of switching network and switching function by utilizing graph theory to describe the logical function of different paths.The function varies with open and closed states of air ...This paper sets up a mathematical model of switching network and switching function by utilizing graph theory to describe the logical function of different paths.The function varies with open and closed states of air doors in a complex mine air sub network, and the computer program for solving the switching function of complex networks are offered. It gives the method for discriminating a reversible branch in a complex network by means of the switching function, and the method of counter inverted logical control of airflow inversion by means of open and short circuit conversion of key branches. The research has solved the problem of the stablization of air flow for normal ventination and reversing ventination in a diagonal network.展开更多
Medium-term air quality assessment,benchmarking it to recent past data can usefully complement short-term air quality index data for monitoring purposes.By using daily and monthly averaged data,medium-term air quality...Medium-term air quality assessment,benchmarking it to recent past data can usefully complement short-term air quality index data for monitoring purposes.By using daily and monthly averaged data,medium-term air quality benchmarking provides a distinctive perspective with which to monitor air quality for sustainability planning and ecosystem perspectives.By normalizing the data for individual air pollutants to a standard scale they can be more easily integrated to generate a daily combined local area benchmark(CLAB).The objectives of the study are to demonstrate that medium-term air quality benchmarking can be tailored to reflect local conditions by selecting the most relevant pollutants to incorporate in the CLAB indicator.Such a benchmark can provide an overall air quality assessment for areas of interest.A case study is presented for Dallas County(U.S.A.)applying the proposed method by benchmarking 2020 data for air pollutants to their trends established for 2015 to 2019.Six air pollutants considered are:ozone,carbon monoxide,nitrogen dioxide,sulfur dioxide,benzene and particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres.These pollutants are assessed individually and in terms of CLAB,and their 2020 variations for Dallas County compared to daily trends established for years 2015 to 2019.Reductions in benzene and carbon monoxide during much of 2020 are clearly discernible compared to preceding years.The CLAB indicator shows clear seasonal trends for air quality for 2015 to 2019 with high pollution in winter and spring compared to other seasons that is strongly influenced by climatic variations with some anthropogenic inputs.Conducting CLAB analysis on an ongoing basis,using a relevant near-past time interval for benchmarking that covers several years,can reveal useful monthly,seasonal and annual trends in overall air quality.This type of medium-term,benchmarked air quality data analysis is well suited for ecosystem monitoring.展开更多
The first domestically-integrated large-scale air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60 000 m^3/h was successfully built and put into operation at Baosteel. Compared with the electrical design of the imported ...The first domestically-integrated large-scale air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60 000 m^3/h was successfully built and put into operation at Baosteel. Compared with the electrical design of the imported equipment of the same type,this ASU has an electrical protection interlink that is independent from the distribution control system （DCS）. With the design idea of simplicity, the ASU features a simplified configuration and an audio alarm system for electrical failures. It helps reduce the failure rate of the electrical equipment and detect failures quickly and accurately. It will effectively enhance safe and stabilized production. The ASU can not only reduce the cost of investment, but also ensure a smooth and stable running of the whole electrical equipment. This study focuses on the experience and understanding of the unit design and commissioning.展开更多
Baosteel＇s 60000 m……3/h air separation unit （ASU）, the first domestically-integrated unit of its class, is a milestone in the Chinese air separation industry. In this paper,the process characteristics of the unit...Baosteel＇s 60000 m……3/h air separation unit （ASU）, the first domestically-integrated unit of its class, is a milestone in the Chinese air separation industry. In this paper,the process characteristics of the unit and the application of the original techniques are expatiated. Some difficulties in the process design, the risk control, the quality control, the control system integration and the system commissioning are analyzed and appraised. The mode of the project integration and innovation, the cooperation among industries and the user-orientated project management mode are introduced. Finally,the successful experiences in innovation are summarized with the focus on the integration of the project.展开更多
Baosteel＇ s No. 8 air separation unit（ASU） is the first domestically-integrated 60 000 m^3/h ASU. This paper describes the mechanical equipment, the design and the configuration characteristics of this unit. The po...Baosteel＇ s No. 8 air separation unit（ASU） is the first domestically-integrated 60 000 m^3/h ASU. This paper describes the mechanical equipment, the design and the configuration characteristics of this unit. The potential failure modes of the mechanical devices are deduced via analyses on the failure history of similar devices in other ASUs. Finally, this paper also brings up suggestions on daily maintenance, overhaul and purchases of spare parts.展开更多
基金This work was co-supported by The Energy Foundation project‘Co-control effect assessment of deep decarbonization measures and the co-control path way in China'(G-1809-28536)the Major Projects of the National Social Science Foundation‘Study on action plan for peaking carbon emissions by 2030 in China'(21ZDA085).
文摘‘Co-control',or synergistically reducing CO_(2)and local air polluta nt emissions,is an important strategy for cities to achieve'low carb on'and'blue sky'simultaneously.However,there were few studies to evaluate and compare the level of co-control of CO_(2) and local air pollutants in cities year.The present study proposed qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the level of co-control of CO_(2)and three local air pollutant(SO_(2).NOX,and particulate matter PM)emissions in key environmental protection cities in China over two periods(2012-2015 and 2015-2018).Statistical analysis found that,though three local air pollutant emissions positively correlated with CO_(2) emission,no significantly positive correlation was found between local air pollutants emission reductions and CO_(2) emission reductions,indicating that co-control effects were poor in general.By using the co-control effect coordinate system,qualitative evaluation showed that less than half of the sample cities could achieve co-control of the total amount of CO_(2) and local air pollutants.By employing the indicator of emission reduction equivalence(EReq),quantitative evaluation showed that the co-control level of the sample cities improved in 2015-2018 compared with 2012-2015.Further regression analysis showed that,reducing coal consumption and economic development significantly enhanced the co-control performance of the observed cities.The present case study proved that the proposed methods for evaluation and comparison of the city co-control performance works well,and can be used in other countries and regions to promote global cities racing to carbon and local air pollutants co-control.
文摘This paper sets up a mathematical model of switching network and switching function by utilizing graph theory to describe the logical function of different paths.The function varies with open and closed states of air doors in a complex mine air sub network, and the computer program for solving the switching function of complex networks are offered. It gives the method for discriminating a reversible branch in a complex network by means of the switching function, and the method of counter inverted logical control of airflow inversion by means of open and short circuit conversion of key branches. The research has solved the problem of the stablization of air flow for normal ventination and reversing ventination in a diagonal network.
文摘Medium-term air quality assessment,benchmarking it to recent past data can usefully complement short-term air quality index data for monitoring purposes.By using daily and monthly averaged data,medium-term air quality benchmarking provides a distinctive perspective with which to monitor air quality for sustainability planning and ecosystem perspectives.By normalizing the data for individual air pollutants to a standard scale they can be more easily integrated to generate a daily combined local area benchmark(CLAB).The objectives of the study are to demonstrate that medium-term air quality benchmarking can be tailored to reflect local conditions by selecting the most relevant pollutants to incorporate in the CLAB indicator.Such a benchmark can provide an overall air quality assessment for areas of interest.A case study is presented for Dallas County(U.S.A.)applying the proposed method by benchmarking 2020 data for air pollutants to their trends established for 2015 to 2019.Six air pollutants considered are:ozone,carbon monoxide,nitrogen dioxide,sulfur dioxide,benzene and particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres.These pollutants are assessed individually and in terms of CLAB,and their 2020 variations for Dallas County compared to daily trends established for years 2015 to 2019.Reductions in benzene and carbon monoxide during much of 2020 are clearly discernible compared to preceding years.The CLAB indicator shows clear seasonal trends for air quality for 2015 to 2019 with high pollution in winter and spring compared to other seasons that is strongly influenced by climatic variations with some anthropogenic inputs.Conducting CLAB analysis on an ongoing basis,using a relevant near-past time interval for benchmarking that covers several years,can reveal useful monthly,seasonal and annual trends in overall air quality.This type of medium-term,benchmarked air quality data analysis is well suited for ecosystem monitoring.
文摘The first domestically-integrated large-scale air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60 000 m^3/h was successfully built and put into operation at Baosteel. Compared with the electrical design of the imported equipment of the same type,this ASU has an electrical protection interlink that is independent from the distribution control system （DCS）. With the design idea of simplicity, the ASU features a simplified configuration and an audio alarm system for electrical failures. It helps reduce the failure rate of the electrical equipment and detect failures quickly and accurately. It will effectively enhance safe and stabilized production. The ASU can not only reduce the cost of investment, but also ensure a smooth and stable running of the whole electrical equipment. This study focuses on the experience and understanding of the unit design and commissioning.
文摘Baosteel＇s 60000 m……3/h air separation unit （ASU）, the first domestically-integrated unit of its class, is a milestone in the Chinese air separation industry. In this paper,the process characteristics of the unit and the application of the original techniques are expatiated. Some difficulties in the process design, the risk control, the quality control, the control system integration and the system commissioning are analyzed and appraised. The mode of the project integration and innovation, the cooperation among industries and the user-orientated project management mode are introduced. Finally,the successful experiences in innovation are summarized with the focus on the integration of the project.
文摘Baosteel＇ s No. 8 air separation unit（ASU） is the first domestically-integrated 60 000 m^3/h ASU. This paper describes the mechanical equipment, the design and the configuration characteristics of this unit. The potential failure modes of the mechanical devices are deduced via analyses on the failure history of similar devices in other ASUs. Finally, this paper also brings up suggestions on daily maintenance, overhaul and purchases of spare parts.
