基于local-area的Internet路由级拓扑抽象算法

通过分析Internet的本地聚集特性，给出了local-area和connect—area的定义，并基于此，为提高并行网络模拟性能，提出一种新型拓扑抽象算法——基于local—area的拓扑抽象（TABLA）算法。TABLA算法在给定的聚合粒度下，迭代搜索网络内的local-area，对拓扑进行抽象。模拟结果表明在Internet路由级拓扑上采用该算法，拓扑规模大约压缩为原先的45％，初始化内存节省约60％，模拟运行时间约缩短80％，大幅度提高了并行网络模拟性能。

Localization and mapping in urban area based on 3D point cloud of autonomous vehicles

In order to meet the application requirements of autonomous vehicles, this paper proposes a simultaneous localization and mapping （SLAM） algorithm, which uses a VoxelGrid filter to down sample the point cloud data, with the combination of iterative closest points （ICP） algorithm and Gaussian model for particles updating, the matching between the local map and the global map to quantify particles＇ importance weight. The crude estimation by using ICP algorithm can find the high probability area of autonomous vehicles＇ poses, which would decrease particle numbers, increase algorithm speed and restrain particles＇ impoverishment. The calculation of particles＇ importance weight based on matching of attribute between grid maps is simple and practicable. Experiments carried out with the autonomous vehicle platform validate the effectiveness of our approaches.

Local singularity and S–A methods for analyzing ore-producing anomalies in the Jianbiannongchang area of Heilongjiang,China

The Heilongjiang Jianbiannongchang area is located at the confluence of the Great and Lesser Xing’an Ranges.This area has a complex magmatic and tectonic evolutionary history that has resulted in a complex and diverse geological background for mineralization.In this study,isometric logarithmic ratio(ILR)transformations of Au,Cu,Pb,Zn,and Sb contents were performed in the1:50,000 soil geochemical data of the Jianbiannongchang area.Robust principal component analysis(RPCA)was conducted based on ILR transformation.The local singularity and spectrum-area(S-A)methods were used to extract information on mineralogic anomalies.The results showed that:(1)the transformed data eliminated the influence of the original data closure effect,and the PC1and PC2 information obtained by applying RPCA reflected ore-producing element anomalies dominated by Au and Cu.(2)The local singularity method can enhance the information of the local strong and weak slow anomalies.After performing local singularity analysis on PC1 and PC2,the obtained local anomalies reflected the local singularity spatial anomaly patterns related to Cu and Au mineralization in this area,which is an effective method for trapping ore-producing anomalies.(3)Furthermore,the composite anomaly decomposition of PC1 and PC2 was performed using the S-A method,and the screened anomalous and background fields reflect the ore-producing anomalies related to Cu and Au mineralization.This information is in agreement with known Cu and Au mineralization.(4)The geochemical anomalies with mineralization potential were obtained outside the known mineralization sites by integrating the information of oreproducing anomalies extracted by the local singularity and S-A methods,providing the theoretical basis and exploration direction for future exploration in the study area.

Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

There is an obvious departure from the regional equi-librium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in "the effects of contra-geography-grads development". It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industriali-zation delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of "the vicious circle of poverty" by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environ-mental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called "the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emis-sions along the Pearl River" is put forward supposed to give cor-responding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.

Local dynamic balance theory and technology of flow field in multilayer gob area

Flow field in multilayer gob area, which formed in small hiden-depth, multi-coal layer groups, close distance, hard coal layer, and hard roof, possesses characteristics such as complex, changeable and unstable. Dynamic balance theory of local flow field in multilayer gob area was built based on the realistic requirement that the serious threat on current mining coal layer by large-scale spontaneous combustion fire on close spontaneous combustion coal layer group of Datong Coal mining area at the ＇di-hard＇ conditions was caused by small coal pit mining. The kernel was in dynamic balance between flow field pressures of working face and local flow field in multilayer gob area was kept by transformation. Corresponding technology and set of devices were developed.

IAP General Circulation Models: A First Step Towards Developing a Local Area Model for Weather Prediction in Nigeria

In an earlier study, the Atmospheric Models Intercomparison Program (AMIP) simulations of African climate using the nine-layer gridpoint atmospheric general circulation model were found to be closely related to the observed European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) temperature data at 500 and 850 hPa. This paper presents the analysis of the simulation of African climate using the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model (IAP/LASG GOALS) and the nine-layer spectral general circulation model rhomboidally truncated at zonal wave number 15 (L9R15) developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. Both model simulations were not significantly different from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis monthly mean data for 1980-1995 in the case of surface air temperature, sea level pressure and precipitation, with the GOALS reproducing the seasonal mean climate over Africa better. The implications of the encouraging results in developing a local area model for Nigeria have been discussed. The great role of topography in the developing of general circulation models for numerical modelling of weather and climate has been stressed.

Localized Coverage Connectivity Based on Shape and Area Using Mobile Sensor Robots in Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is spatially distributing independent sensors to monitor physical and environmental characteristics such as temperature, sound, pressure and also provides different applications such as battlefield inspection and biological detection. The Constrained Motion and Sensor (CMS) Model represents the features and explain k-step reach ability testing to describe the states. The description and calculation based on CMS model does not solve the problem in mobile robots. The ADD framework based on monitoring radio measurements creates a threshold. But the methods are not effective in dynamic coverage of complex environment. In this paper, a Localized Coverage based on Shape and Area Detection (LCSAD) Framework is developed to increase the dynamic coverage using mobile robots. To facilitate the measurement in mobile robots, two algorithms are designed to identify the coverage area, (i.e.,) the area of a coverage hole or not. The two algorithms are Localized Geometric Voronoi Hexagon (LGVH) and Acquaintance Area Hexagon (AAH). LGVH senses all the shapes and it is simple to show all the boundary area nodes. AAH based algorithm simply takes directional information by locating the area of local and global convex points of coverage area. Both these algorithms are applied to WSN of random topologies. The simulation result shows that the proposed LCSAD framework attains minimal energy utilization, lesser waiting time, and also achieves higher scalability, throughput, delivery rate and 8% maximal coverage connectivity in sensor network compared to state-of-art works.

Application of Wireless Local Area Network Technology in Mobile Robot for Finned Tube Inspection

This paper introduces a novel robot for outer surface inspection of boiler tubes. The paper describes the hardware system, wireless communication strategy, communication procedure and system software of the robot. The WLAN technology is used in the robot. It solves the problem of shielding generated by iron boiler and 11Mbps bandwidth made it possible for video and control stream real-time transmit within the same channel. Though TCP/IP protocol is robust, serial server is a transparent channel but cannot detect error and retransmit the data. In order to improve the reliability of serial communication, a new communication protocol is proposed. Key words boiler tubes - mobile robotics - wireless local area network Project Supported by the National High-Tech Program (Grant No. 2002AA420080)

Strategies for Localized Transformation of Landscape in Old Industrial Areas: A Case Study of Xiadian Industrial Area in Xuzhou City

Based on the theory of “localization”, the landscape status of Xiadian industrial area in Xuzhou City was investigated and analyzed. Localized transformation of landscape in the old industrial area can be conducted from the restoration of landscape ecological environment, protection of industrial landscape heritage, and sustainable utilization of industrial waste resources. It can achieve a better balance between urban renewal and the landscape transformation of the old industrial area and then realize the reshaping and regeneration of landscape and promote the development of local industries and the continuation of industrial culture to provide useful thinking for creating geographically representative urban landscape.

Factors That Influence Local Community Participation in Tourism in Murchison Falls Conservation Area

Community＇s participation is fundamental in understanding the factors that influence their access to and utilization of tourism resources. It is a plausible way of involving local communities in the planning and management of the available resources for their sustainability. This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of the households in Murchison Falls Conservation Area to understand how they influence their participation in tourism and eventually enhance household welfare. Using household survey and key informant interviews, data were collected on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and analyzed using Binomial Logit Regression in order to show the factors that influence participation of households in tourism. It was found that the households＇ characteristics significantly influenced their participation. In particular, level of education （r = 0.824）, engagement in farm labor （r = 0.651）, provision of services to the tourists （r = 0.841）, income （r = 0.83） and landholding （r = 0.689） significantly influenced households＇ participation in tourism. On the other hand, age （r = 0.59） and period of residence （r = 0.430） did not significantly influence the households＇ participation in tourism. These results suggest that a clear understanding of the households＇ socio-economic characteristics is a vital step in engaging them meaningfully in tourism activities meant to enhance their livelihoods. Equally important is the need for tourism managers and local government leaders to consider these characteristics when designing policies and strategies to enhance community involvement and management of tourism at a conservation area level.

Socio-Economic Implication of Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Project in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

Notably, the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) project is the pioneer Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant in Nigeria, aimed at both the diversification of the petroleum industry and utilization of the vastly flared natural gas resources of the nation. However, large scale energy projects have been known to generate both positive and/or negative impacts. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) have often been the compendium of information on approved mitigations, which normally include activities that could maximize the benefits of the host communities, and it’s not unusual for the Community Development and Corporate Social Responsibility (CDCSR) department of such an organization to be saddled with these contributions. But the activities of Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s CSR department have often been the source of criticism, as well as aspiration for improvement by host communities and other stake holders. This article thus aims to present a comprehensive compendium of NLNG’s CDCSR activities, up to the year 2010, and also highlight the level of satisfaction of the immediate and distant host communities against the level of performance of other donors in the area. Also the arrays of negative socio-economic consequences of the Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s activities were identified based on community perception. The results generally showed that comparatively, NLNG project has made more innovative positive socio-economic and health contributions to its areas of operation than the three tiers of government and other donors (including SPDC and Mobil Producing Nigeria). Surprisingly, agitations against Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s activities have not overshadowed its community development provisions, which have been of major assistance in several communities. There is however a dire need to review several aspects of Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s CDCSR activities, especially in the fulfilment of documented promises, as well as in project conception and community participation, for better completed projects acceptance by indigenous host communities. Conflict management strategies also need to be improved, while the dissatisfaction over benefits in New Finima needs to be urgently addressed.

Research on the Teaching Reform of ＂Wireless Local Area Network＂ in the Background of＂Wireless Business Circle＂

This paper proposes the teaching reform of the ＂Wireless Local Area Network＂ in the background of ＂Wireless Business Circle＂ . At present, WLAN technology is becoming more and more mature, the application is then becoming more and more extensive, the campus network will grow rapidly on wireless LAN applications especially the research and higher education institutions on the wireless LAN demand is increasing with wireless LAN will have a very broad market development space. GIS business circle analysis model is to determine business enterprise location or expand their existing business outlets of information necessary to say on the map by G1S visual function of the model. This paper makes the combination of the mentioned items that will then and later influence the performance of the model.

Geographical Accessibility to Basic Infrastructures and Services in Rural Senegal: The Case of the Niakhar Area

Access to basic infrastructure and services is a factor in economic development and an important aspect in combatting social and spatial disparities. But this access is often subject to several constraints, including geographical accessibility. In this article, we aim to analyze the geographical accessibility to basic infrastructure and services in the Niakhar area, using the improved two step floating catchment area method and local spatial association indicators. The results reveal that the areas with high accessibility to health and education infrastructures and services are mainly located along the south-east and north-west gradient, while those with low accessibility are found in the south-west and north-east center. They also show high accessibility to trade services in the center of the study area.

Women’s Social Roles and Peace Building in Al-Abassiya Locality:2012-2024

This research focused on the social roles of women in Al-Abassiya locality,South Kordofan State,examining the obstacles they face and the impact on their participation in peace building.Using qualitative methods,data were collected through various means,revealing that conflicts have significantly affected women’s lives,particularly in rural areas.Women play key roles in family,education,health services,and humanitarian aid,but their involvement in conflict resolution and peace building activities is limited.Obstacles include cognitive,economic,social,and institutional barriers.Recommendations include providing education and training programs,strengthening economic status,ensuring women’s representation in decision-making bodies,advocating for legal reforms promoting gender equality,improving access to information technologies,educating communities on women’s involvement in peace building,and providing support services for women affected by conflicts.

Re-delineating mountainous areas with three topographic parameters in Mainland Southeast Asia using ASTER global digital elevation model data

Tropical mountainous areas not only provide substantial carbon storage and play an important role in global biological diversity, but also provide basic livelihood for a large number of poor ethnic minorities. However, there is no unified and explicit definition for mountainous areas. The local elevation range(LER) is a crucial structural parameter for delineating mountainous areas. However, current LER products are limited by the subjective selection of an optimum statistical window or coarser spatial resolution of topographical data. In this study, we presented an approach using thresholds for three topographic parameters, elevation, slope, and LER, derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM) to redelineate the vast mountainous areas of mainland Southeast Asia(MSEA). The mean change-point analysis method was applied to determine the optimum statistical window of the 1 arc second(approximately 30 m)-resolution GDEM LER. The results showed that: First, the optimum statistical window is 38 × 38 cell units(width × height) in a rectangular neighborhood, or an area of about 1.30 km^2 for calculating GDEM LER in MSEA. Second, the LER of more than 80% of the area ranges from 30 m to 499 m in MSEA. The LERs in the northern and northwestern MSEA are greater than their counterparts in the south and east. Third, the area of the re-delineated mountainous areas was 83.52 × 10~4 km^2, about 38.71% of the total area. Spatially, the mountainous areas are mainly distributed in the north and northeast of MSEA. The re-delineated 30-m resolution map of the mountainous areas will serve as a topographical dataset for monitoring mountainrelated land surface changes in MSEA. The parameter-modified mountain extraction procedure can be expanded to delineate global mountainous areas.

Radio map updated method based on subscriber locations in indoor WLAN localization

With the rapid development of wireless local area network （WLAN） technology, an important target of indoor positioning systems is to improve the positioning accuracy while reducing the online calibration effort to overcome signal time-varying. A novel fingerprint positioning algorithm, known as the adaptive radio map with updated method based on hidden Markov model （HMM）, is proposed. It is shown that by using a collection of user traces that can be cheaply obtained, the proposed algorithm can take advantage of these data to update the labeled calibration data to further improve the position estimation accuracy. This algorithm is a combination of machine learning, information gain theory and fingerprinting. By collecting data and testing the algorithm in a realistic indoor WLAN environment, the experiment results indicate that, compared with the widely used K nearest neighbor algorithm, the proposed algorithm can improve the positioning accuracy while greatly reduce the calibration effort.

Domain adaptive methods for device diversity in indoor localization

To solve the problem of variations in radio frequency characteristics among different devices,transfer learning is applied to transform device diversity to domain adaptation in the indoor localization algorithm.A robust indoor localization algorithm based on the aligned fingerprints and ensemble learning called correlation alignment for localization(CALoc)is proposed with low computational complexity.The second-order statistical properties of fingerprints in the offline and online phase are needed to be aligned.The real-time online calibration method mitigates the impact of device heterogeneity largely.Without any time-consuming deep learning retraining process,CALoc online only needs 0.11 s.The effectiveness and efficiency of CALoc are verified by realistic experiments.The results show that compared to the traditional algorithms,a significant performance gain is achieved and that it achieves better positioning accuracy with a 19%improvement.

A Semi-Supervised WLAN Indoor Localization Method Based on l1-Graph Algorithm

For indoor location estimation based on received signal strength( RSS) in wireless local area networks( WLAN),in order to reduce the influence of noise on the positioning accuracy,a large number of RSS should be collected in offline phase. Therefore,collecting training data with positioning information is time consuming which becomes the bottleneck of WLAN indoor localization. In this paper,the traditional semisupervised learning method based on k-NN and ε-NN graph for reducing collection workload of offline phase are analyzed,and the result shows that the k-NN or ε-NN graph are sensitive to data noise,which limit the performance of semi-supervised learning WLAN indoor localization system. Aiming at the above problem,it proposes a l1-graph-algorithm-based semi-supervised learning( LG-SSL) indoor localization method in which the graph is built by l1-norm algorithm. In our system,it firstly labels the unlabeled data using LG-SSL and labeled data to build the Radio Map in offline training phase,and then uses LG-SSL to estimate user's location in online phase. Extensive experimental results show that,benefit from the robustness to noise and sparsity ofl1-graph,LG-SSL exhibits superior performance by effectively reducing the collection workload in offline phase and improving localization accuracy in online phase.