An Improved Real-Time Face Recognition System at Low Resolution Based on Local Binary Pattern Histogram Algorithm and CLAHE

This research presents an improved real-time face recognition system at a low resolution of 15 pixels with pose and emotion and resolution variations. We have designed our datasets named LRD200 and LRD100, which have been used for training and classification. The face detection part uses the Viola-Jones algorithm, and the face recognition part receives the face image from the face detection part to process it using the Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) algorithm with preprocessing using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and face alignment. The face database in this system can be updated via our custom-built standalone android app and automatic restarting of the training and recognition process with an updated database. Using our proposed algorithm, a real-time face recognition accuracy of 78.40% at 15 px and 98.05% at 45 px have been achieved using the LRD200 database containing 200 images per person. With 100 images per person in the database (LRD100) the achieved accuracies are 60.60% at 15 px and 95% at 45 px respectively. A facial deflection of about 30° on either side from the front face showed an average face recognition precision of 72.25%-81.85%. This face recognition system can be employed for law enforcement purposes, where the surveillance camera captures a low-resolution image because of the distance of a person from the camera. It can also be used as a surveillance system in airports, bus stations, etc., to reduce the risk of possible criminal threats.

Android Malware Detection Using Local Binary Pattern and Principal Component Analysis

Nowadays,analysis methods based on big data have been widely used in malicious software detection.Since Android has become the dominator of smartphone operating system market,the number of Android malicious applications are increasing rapidly as well,which attracts attention of malware attackers and researchers alike.Due to the endless evolution of the malware,it is critical to apply the analysis methods based on machine learning to detect malwares and stop them from leakaging our privacy information.In this paper,we propose a novel Android malware detection method based on binary texture feature recognition by Local Binary Pattern and Principal Component Analysis,which can visualize malware and detect malware accurately.Also,our method analyzes malware binary directly without any decompiler,sandbox or virtual machines,which avoid time and resource consumption caused by decompiler or monitor in this process.Experimentation on 5127 benigns and 5560 malwares shows that we obtain a detection accuracy of 90%.

An automated detection of glaucoma using histogram features

Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive optic neurodegenerative disease leading to vision deterioration and in most cases produce increased pressure within the eye. This is due to the backup of fluid in the eye; it causes damage to the optic nerve. Hence, early detection diagnosis and treatment of an eye help to prevent the loss of vision. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for the early detection of glaucoma using a combination of magnitude and phase features from the digital fundus images. Local binary patterns(LBP) and Daugman's algorithm are used to perform the feature set extraction.The histogram features are computed for both the magnitude and phase components. The Euclidean distance between the feature vectors are analyzed to predict glaucoma. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the higher order spectra(HOS)features in terms of sensitivity, specificity, classification accuracy and execution time. The proposed system results 95.45% output for sensitivity, specificity and classification. Also, the execution time for the proposed method takes lesser time than the existing method which is based on HOS features. Hence, the proposed system is accurate, reliable and robust than the existing approach to predict the glaucoma features.

中国象棋自动打谱方法研究

针对现存象棋打谱方式繁琐、成本较高的问题,提出了一种基于机器视觉的象棋自动打谱方法。对图像进行预处理后,首先结合二值化与连通区域搜索进行人手遮挡检测,随后采用Hough圆检测、字符矩阵等方法对棋子进行定位,接着将棋子分为红黑两方,并利用局部二进制模式直方图(local binary pattern histogram,LBPH)算法实现棋种识别,最后通过动态识别棋子移动路径,根据行棋规则生成着法。选取50局象棋比赛录像进行测试,结果表明,该方法在识别准确率达到99%的前提下,1 s内可对5帧图像进行处理与识别,且对50个视频识别得到的棋谱正确率均为100%,可以完全满足各类型对局的打谱需求。

Retrieval of High Resolution Satellite Images Using Texture Features

In this research,a content-based image retrieval(CBIR)system for high resolution satellite images has been developed by using texture features.The proposed approach uses the local binary pattern(LBP)texture feature and a block based scheme.The query and database images are divided into equally sized blocks,from which LBP histograms are extracted.The block histograms are then compared by using the Chi-square distance.Experimental results show that the LBP representation provides a powerful tool for high resolution satellite images(HRSI)retrieval.

Facial expression recognition with contextualized histograms

A new algorithm taking the spatial context of local features into account by utilizing contextualized histograms was proposed to recognize facial expression. The contextualized histograms were extracted fromtwo widely used descriptors—the local binary pattern( LBP) and weber local descriptor( WLD). The LBP and WLD feature histograms were extracted separately fromeach facial image,and contextualized histogram was generated as feature vectors to feed the classifier. In addition,the human face was divided into sub-blocks and each sub-block was assigned different weights by their different contributions to the intensity of facial expressions to improve the recognition rate. With the support vector machine(SVM) as classifier,the experimental results on the 2D texture images fromthe 3D-BU FE dataset indicated that contextualized histograms improved facial expression recognition performance when local features were employed.

Product Image Classification Based on Fusion Features

Two key challenges raised by a product images classification system are classification precision and classification time. In some categories, classification precision of the latest techniques, in the product images classification system, is still low. In this paper, we propose a local texture descriptor termed fan refined local binary pattern, which captures more detailed information by integrating the spatial distribution into the local binary pattern feature. We compare our approach with different methods on a subset of product images on Amazon/e Bay and parts of PI100 and experimental results have demonstrated that our proposed approach is superior to the current existing methods. The highest classification precision is increased by 21% and the average classification time is reduced by 2/3.

Multi-Level Fusion in Ultrasound for Cancer Detection Based on Uniform LBP Features

Collective improvement in the acceptable or desirable accuracy level of breast cancer image-related pattern recognition using various schemes remains challenging.Despite the combination of multiple schemes to achieve superior ultrasound image pattern recognition by reducing the speckle noise,an enhanced technique is not achieved.The purpose of this study is to introduce a features-based fusion scheme based on enhancement uniform-Local Binary Pattern(LBP)and filtered noise reduction.To surmount the above limitations and achieve the aim of the study,a new descriptor that enhances the LBP features based on the new threshold has been proposed.This paper proposes a multi-level fusion scheme for the auto-classification of the static ultrasound images of breast cancer,which was attained in two stages.First,several images were generated from a single image using the pre-processing method.Themedian andWiener filterswere utilized to lessen the speckle noise and enhance the ultrasound image texture.This strategy allowed the extraction of a powerful feature by reducing the overlap between the benign and malignant image classes.Second,the fusion mechanism allowed the production of diverse features from different filtered images.The feasibility of using the LBP-based texture feature to categorize the ultrasound images was demonstrated.The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is tested on 250 ultrasound images comprising 100 and 150 benign and malignant images,respectively.The proposed method achieved very high accuracy(98%),sensitivity(98%),and specificity(99%).As a result,the fusion process that can help achieve a powerful decision based on different features produced from different filtered images improved the results of the new descriptor of LBP features in terms of accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity.

基于非线性扩散和多特征融合的提花针织物疵点检测

为解决提花针织物的复杂纹理在疵点检测过程中易造成检测干扰和疵点误判的问题,提出一种基于非线性扩散和多特征融合的疵点检测方法。采用改进PM模型对提花针织物的花纹和强纹理边缘进行抑制,首先利用梯度差异将疵点图像分为纹理区域及疵点区域,然后结合各区域特点选择对应的扩散方程,依据梯度矩阵计算概率子集、相关准则来确定梯度阈值,实现分区域扩散。根据提花针织物的纹理分布特性,提取改进局部二值算法(LBP)、局部熵、局部相关性等表征参数,然后进行去邻域归一化和多特征融合进一步突出疵点区域,最后利用区域生长法定位分割出疵点形态。实验验证了本文预处理方法及疵点检测方法的有效性,通过与其它预处理算法和疵点检测算法进行对比,结果表明本文算法的检测效果最好,对正常织物图像的误检率为3.3%,对含疵点织物图像检测的准确率为98.6%。

基于双向椭圆局部二值模式的环境声音分类

针对目前机器学习算法在环境声音分类准确率不高,训练速度慢的问题,提出了基于双向椭圆局部二值模式的环境声音分类方法。设计了双向椭圆局部二进制模式的音频信号特征提取方法,采用3×5信号邻域增加时长影响,并使用邻域左右两列整体平均值分别代替椭圆左右顶点像素,减少噪音干扰,提高对噪音的鲁棒性,使用整个邻域的平均值代替中心像素,并采用双向局部特征均衡顺序权重,在上述特征基础上增加VAR算子,反应局部特征差异强度,之后将这些特征与梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFCC)、伽玛频率倒谱系数(GFCC)和色度特征(Chromagram)融合。采用经典机器学习算法,如支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)和k近邻(kNN),结合融合特征,在ESC-10和ESC-50数据集上进行评估,两种数据集的分类准确度分别达到了90.9%和66.7%。

改进加权投票的PCA-Net多特征融合SSFR

单样本人脸识别是人脸识别在实际应用中面临的挑战性问题之一,虽然深度学习在人脸识别方面取得突破性进展但其性能依赖海量标注性数据,故其在单样本上性能有限。而传统浅层特征对有标注的数据量需求不高,但因单样本数据缺少类内变化其性能有限,提出一种改进加权投票的PCA-Net多特征融合算法。在数据集方面,利用LU分解生成虚拟样本扩展数据集;根据PCA-Net特征下样本的相关性细化数据集,实现对数据集初步特征提取和筛选;在细化数据集上提取多LBP特征并与PCA-Net特征进行加权投票。在AR、Extended Yale B、CMU-PIE三个数据库上的实验结果表明,所提方法提高了单样本人脸识别性能。

基于LBP和神经网络的织物疵点分类

织物疵点在销售中严重影响着产品的价格与品质,传统的织物疵点检测主要依靠人工检测,这种检测方式如今无法满足机器化时代下的高速度、高精度、高质量的要求。针对织物疵点检测难度大,效率低的问题,文章采用局部二值模式(LBP)和神经网络对织物疵点分类。首先,采用局部二值模式(LBP)对织物疵点纹理特征进行提取;其次,将特征值进行归一化处理并且将获得的特征值如能量、方差、熵等送入到已经训练好的BP神经网络中;最后,通过BP神经网络将前面送入的织物疵点特征值进行织物疵点先识别再分类;研究认为:基于局部二值模式和神经网络的织物疵点检测方法是一种可行的方法。该方法的平均准确率达到80%以上,平均召回率达到80%以上,分类的平均正确率达到85%以上。

Enhanced Feature Fusion Segmentation for Tumor Detection Using Intelligent Techniques

In thefield of diagnosis of medical images the challenge lies in tracking and identifying the defective cells and the extent of the defective region within the complex structure of a brain cavity.Locating the defective cells precisely during the diagnosis phase helps tofight the greatest exterminator of mankind.Early detec-tion of these defective cells requires an accurate computer-aided diagnostic system(CAD)that supports early treatment and promotes survival rates of patients.An ear-lier version of CAD systems relies greatly on the expertise of radiologist and it con-sumed more time to identify the defective region.The manuscript takes the efficacy of coalescing features like intensity,shape,and texture of the magnetic resonance image(MRI).In the Enhanced Feature Fusion Segmentation based classification method(EEFS)the image is enhanced and segmented to extract the prominent fea-tures.To bring out the desired effect the EEFS method uses Enhanced Local Binary Pattern(EnLBP),Partisan Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix Histogram of Oriented Gradients(PGLCMHOG),and iGrab cut method to segment image.These prominent features along with deep features are coalesced to provide a single-dimensional fea-ture vector that is effectively used for prediction.The coalesced vector is used with the existing classifiers to compare the results of these classifiers with that of the gen-erated vector.The generated vector provides promising results with commendably less computatio nal time for pre-processing and classification of MR medical images.

基于机器视觉的钢丝绳表面缺陷检测

针对钢丝绳表面缺陷检测困难、精度低、表面特征利用不充分、识别分类器缺乏优化的问题,提出一种基于图像特征融合和改进鲸鱼算法(IWOA)优化支持向量机(SVM)的钢丝绳表面缺陷检测方法。该方法包括特征提取和缺陷类型识别两个部分。特征提取阶段,使用中心对称局部二值模式(CS-LBP)和梯度方向直方图(HOG)提取不同缺陷的钢丝绳表面纹理和梯度特征,并将两特征串联融合,实现特征互补。缺陷识别阶段,首先通过改进WOA控制因子和引入惯性权值提高WOA的提的搜索能力、避免陷入局部最优,利用改进WOA对SVM参数优化,提高SVM的泛化能力并对不同缺陷钢丝绳识别分类。实验表明,该方法能有效识别出不同缺陷的钢丝绳,且稳定性较高。

多特征的灰度反转和旋转不变直方图

针对图像发生反向灰度变化时,传统局部二值模式及其派生的纹理描述符分类性能会明显下降问题,提出了一种灰度反转和旋转不变的直方图方法。该方法通过高斯导数滤波获得更加细微的图像微分结构,再构建具有旋转不变性的多种互补特征,最后利用主导思想对多种互补特征进行联合编码,获得具有灰度反转和旋转不变性的特征直方图。使用Outex、CUReT和KTH-TIPS等3个纹理图片数据库验证所提出方法的分类性能。实验结果表明:在旋转和灰度反转情况下,提出的方法能够显著提高分类性能,有效改善灰度反转问题,并对图像的旋转变化具有一定的鲁棒性;从算法复杂度来看,该方法取最佳尺度及特征时,运行时间适中,整体分类精度高。

基于特征优化的无参考光场图像质量评价

光场图像因其能够捕捉光的方向信息而备受学术界和产业界的广泛关注,然而,光场图像在压缩和重建过程中常会出现不同程度的失真,影响光场图像的后续处理和应用。因此,需要设计一个光场图像质量评估器来估计失真光场图像的质量。传统的光场图像评价方法在提取光场图像的空间特征和角度特征时,未充分考虑人眼视觉的多通道特性以及人眼对角度变化的敏感性,从而影响光场图像的质量评价结果。为此,提出一种无参考光场图像质量评价方法。设计多频带局部二值模式算法,提取光场图像的空间特征并利用优化提取的空间特征测量光场图像的空间质量。提出加权局部相位量化算法,该算法在对微透镜图像单元中提取的角度特征进行相位量化时,根据角度信息变化的强弱赋予不同的权值。在此基础上,将空间和角度纹理特征结合成一维特征向量,输入到已经训练的支持向量回归中,得到光场图像的质量分数。在Win5-LID和NBU-LF1.0数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法的斯皮尔曼等级相关系数分别为0.799 1和0.803 2,相比SSIM、FSIM、BRISQUE等方法,具有更优的质量评估准确性和稳定性。

结合改进LBP和SRC的高光谱图像分类研究

针对传统局部二值模型(local binary pattern,LBP)提取高光谱图像纹理特征信息量庞大的难题,提出一种基于对称旋转不变等价局部二值模型(symmetrical rotation invariant uniform LBP,SRIULBP)的高光谱图像特征提取方法,以缩减特征维度;针对稀疏表示分类(sparse representation classification,SRC)模型中稀疏字典冗余的缺陷,采用近邻思想,提出最近邻稀疏表示(nearest neighbor SRC,NNSRC)分类方法,实现高光谱图像的高效、高准确度分类。数据实验结合表明,SRIULBP能快速提取图像特征,提出的分类方法不仅在分类精度上优于其他稀疏表示分类算法,并且具有更强的时效性与泛化能力。

基于多特征融合的表情识别算法

针对轻量级面部表情识别算法泛化能力的不足,提出了一种结合多特征融合和注意力机制的表情识别方法。使用局部二值模式(Local Binary Pattern,LBP)算子减少面部图像中无关信息的干扰,双分支神经网络提取原始人脸图像和LBP图像的特征,融合两个网络提取的中高层特征,并通过注意力机制加强重要特征,在保持较少参数量的同时生成大量的有效特征信息提高算法的识别效果。实验结果表明,该方法在Fer2013和CK+数据集上的识别率分别为70.21%和95.59%,有效地提高了轻量级表情识别算法的性能。

Foliar fungal disease classification in banana plants using elliptical local binary pattern on multiresolution dual tree complex wavelet transform domain

The fungal diseases in banana cause major yield losses for millions of farmers around the globe.Early detection of these diseases helps the farmers to devise successful management strategies.The characteristic leaf blade discoloration pattern at the earlier stages of infection could be used to understand the onset of each disease.This paper demonstrates a methodology for classification of three important foliar diseases in banana,using local texture features.The disease affected regions are identified using image enhancement and color segmentation.Segmented images are converted to transform domain using three image transforms(DWT,DTCWT and Ranklet transform).Feature vector is extracted from transform domain images using LBP and its variants(ELBP,MeanELBP and MedianELBP).These texture based features are applied to five popular image classifiers and comparative performance analysis is done using ten-fold cross validation procedure.Experimental results showed best classification performance for ELBP features extracted from DTCWT domain(accuracy 95.4%,precision 93.2%,sensitivity 93.0%,Fscore 93.0%and specificity 96.4%).Compared with traditional methods of feature extraction,this novel method of fusing DTCWT with ELBP features has attained high degree of accuracy in precisely detecting and classifying fungal diseases in banana at an early stage.