粘弹性浅圆弧形山谷地形对地震动谱特性的影响

基于凹陷地形对SV波的散射进行了分析,通过与解析解的对比,对所采用的数值算法进行了检验,然后利用钟形脉冲作为SH波输入,获得了浅圆山谷地形的地表响应,进而获得了不同观测点对自由场地点的谱比,并利用谱比研究了浅圆弧形山谷地形特征尺寸(深宽比)、波的入射角度以及介质阻尼效应等几个因素对地震动特性的影响。结果显示,浅圆弧形山谷地形的特征尺寸和地震波入射角度对地震动谱特性影响较大,影响程度与入射地震波频率有关。其中,入射角度的影响更显著。

建成环境道路绿带生境特征研究

绿地自身及其所处空间的形态特征对于植物生境的塑造具有重要的影响。以建成环境道路绿带为研究对象,通过数字化模拟与实地采样调查,分析和总结包括光照因子、局地风环境、土壤水因子、土壤理化属性在内的主要生境因子特征及其与道路绿带空间因素之间的关系。研究发现:光照因子、局地风环境与街谷形态、绿带位置关联密切;土壤水因子、pH值与绿带宽度存在显著相关性。生境分析为绿带植物营造提供科学依据,指向种植设计与场地设计之间的双向适应。

Response of a transmission tower-line system at a canyon site to spatially varying ground motions

Collapses of transmission towers were often observed in previous large earthquakes such as the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan and Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China. These collapses were partially caused by the pulling forces from the transmission lines generated from out-of-phase responses of the adjacent towers owing to spatially varying earthquake ground motions. In this paper,a 3D finite element model of the transmission tower-line system is established considering the geometric nonlinearity of transmission lines. The nonlinear responses of the structural system at a canyon site are analyzed subjected to spatially varying ground motions. The spatial variations of ground motion associated with the wave passage,coherency loss,and local site effects are given. The spatially varying ground motions are simulated stochastically based on an empirical coherency loss function and a filtered Tajimi-Kanai power spectral density function. The site effect is considered by a transfer function derived from 1D wave propagation theory. Compared with structural responses calculated using the uniform ground motion and delayed excitations,numerical results indicate that seismic responses of transmission towers and power lines are amplified when considering spatially varying ground motions including site effects. Each factor of ground motion spatial variations has a significant effect on the seismic response of the structure,especially for the local site effect. Therefore,neglecting the earthquake ground motion spatial variations may lead to a substantial underestimation of the response of transmission tower-line system during strong earthquakes. Each effect of ground motion spatial variations should be incorporated in seismic analysis of the structural system.

机动车尾气扩散模型研究进展

机动车尾气扩散模型作为一种重要的工具被用于评估城市空气质量、为污染控制战略以及交通规划决策制定提供支持。对国内外机动车尾气扩散模式进行了回顾,结合各种模式的特征,将其分为综合扩散模式、开阔道路线源扩散模式、交叉口道路扩散模式以及街道峡谷扩散模式,分别对模式的优缺点以及其适用性进行了分析,针对我国道路交通特征,提出了模型本土化所需解决的问题和未来的研究趋势。

基于百度街景的SVF计算及其在城市热岛研究中的应用

SVF(Sky View Factor)是描述城市辐射和城市热环境的有效指标之一,是研究城市热岛的重要几何参数,如何快速准确地计算大规模的SVF对城市形态和城市气候研究具有重要意义。已有研究发现,SVF与热岛强度具有强烈关系,但以往研究存在争论和局限性。本研究采用百度全景静态图,基于深度学习,使用Deeplabv3+模型对天空范围进行探测,提出一种SVF自动计算方法,并用该方法计算上海市中心城区的SVF分布。本研究引入局地气候分区(Local Climate Zones, LCZ),将大规模、精确的SVF结合每个地块具体的土地利用和建筑情况进一步用于SVF与热岛强度的关系研究。实验结果表明,在不同场景下,Deeplabv3+模型都能对天空范围进行有效探测(MIOU=91.64%);本文方法计算的SVF与鱼眼照片计算的SVF具有令人满意的一致性(R2=0.8869);在不同区域,SVF与热岛强度的关系不同,对于LCZ5开敞中层建筑,最高相关系数为0.68,对于LCZ1紧凑高层建筑,最高相关系数为-0.79。本文SVF计算方法在上海市中心城区的成功应用,验证了在中国高密度和复杂的城市环境中使用街景图像计算大规模SVF的可行性,此外本文基于区域化研究思想进一步研究了SVF与城市热岛的关系,弥补了以往此类研究的不足。