Robust Damage Detection and Localization Under Complex Environmental Conditions Using Singular Value Decomposition-based Feature Extraction and One-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network

Ultrasonic guided wave is an attractive monitoring technique for large-scale structures but is vulnerable to changes in environmental and operational conditions(EOC),which are inevitable in the normal inspection of civil and mechanical structures.This paper thus presents a robust guided wave-based method for damage detection and localization under complex environmental conditions by singular value decomposition-based feature extraction and one-dimensional convolutional neural network(1D-CNN).After singular value decomposition-based feature extraction processing,a temporal robust damage index(TRDI)is extracted,and the effect of EOCs is well removed.Hence,even for the signals with a very large temperature-varying range and low signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs),the final damage detection and localization accuracy retain perfect 100%.Verifications are conducted on two different experimental datasets.The first dataset consists of guided wave signals collected from a thin aluminum plate with artificial noises,and the second is a publicly available experimental dataset of guided wave signals acquired on a composite plate with a temperature ranging from 20℃to 60℃.It is demonstrated that the proposed method can detect and localize the damage accurately and rapidly,showing great potential for application in complex and unknown EOC.

Review of local mean decomposition and its application in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery

Rotating machinery is widely used in the industry.They are vulnerable to many kinds of damages especially for those working under tough and time-varying operation conditions.Early detection of these damages is important,otherwise,they may lead to large economic loss even a catastrophe.Many signal processing methods have been developed for fault diagnosis of the rotating machinery.Local mean decomposition(LMD)is an adaptive mode decomposition method that can decompose a complicated signal into a series of mono-components,namely product functions(PFs).In recent years,many researchers have adopted LMD in fault detection and diagnosis of rotating machines.We give a comprehensive review of LMD in fault detection and diagnosis of rotating machines.First,the LMD is described.The advantages,disadvantages and some improved LMD methods are presented.Then,a comprehensive review on applications of LMD in fault diagnosis of the rotating machinery is given.The review is divided into four parts:fault diagnosis of gears,fault diagnosis of rotors,fault diagnosis of bearings,and other LMD applications.In each of these four parts,a review is given to applications applying the LMD,improved LMD,and LMD-based combination methods,respectively.We give a summary of this review and some future potential topics at the end.

Fast parallel factor decomposition technique for coherently distributed source localization

This paper links parallel factor（PARAFAC） analysis to the problem of nominal direction-of-arrival（DOA） estimation for coherently distributed（CD） sources and proposes a fast PARAFACbased algorithm by establishing the trilinear PARAFAC model.Relying on the uniqueness of the low-rank three-way array decomposition and the trilinear alternating least squares regression, the proposed algorithm achieves nominal DOA estimation and outperforms the conventional estimation of signal parameter via rotational technique CD（ESPRIT-CD） and propagator method CD（PM-CD）methods in terms of estimation accuracy. Furthermore, by means of the initialization via the propagator method, this paper accelerates the convergence procedure of the proposed algorithm with no estimation performance degradation. In addition, the proposed algorithm can be directly applied to the multiple-source scenario,where sources have different angular distribution shapes. Numerical simulation results corroborate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed fast PARAFAC-based algorithm.

THE BOUNDEDNESS OF OPERATORS ON WEIGHTED MULTI-PARAMETER LOCAL HARDY SPACES

Though atomic decomposition is a very useful tool for studying the boundedness on Hardy spaces for some sublinear operators,untill now,the boundedness of operators on weighted Hardy spaces in a multi-parameter setting has been established only by almost orthogonality estimates.In this paper,we mainly establish the boundedness on weighted multi-parameter local Hardy spaces via atomic decomposition.

Multi-scale Decomposition of Co-seismic Deformation from High Resolution DEMs:a Case Study of the 2004 Mid-Niigata Earthquake

Decomposing co-seismic deformation is an immediate need for researchers who are interested in earthquake inversion analysis and geo-hazard mapping. However, conventional InSAR or digital elevation models （DEMs） imagery analyses only provide the displacement in the Line-of-Sight （LOS） direction or elevation changes. The 2004 Mid-Niigata earthquake in Japan provides lessons on how to decompose co-seismic deformation from two sets of DEMs. If three adjacent points undergo a rigid-body-translation movement, their co-seismic deformation can be decomposed by solving simultaneous equations. Although this method has been successfully used to discuss tectonic deformations, the algorithm needed improvement and a more rigorous algorithm, including a new definition of nominal plane, DEMs comparability improvement and matrix condition check is provided. Even with these procedures, the obtained decomposed displacement often showed remarkable scatter prompting the use of the moving average method, which was used to determine both tectonic and localized displacement characteristics. A cut-off window and a pair of band-pass windows were selected according to the regional geology and construction activities to ease the tectonic and localized displacement calculations, respectively. The displacement field of the tectonic scale shows two major clusters of large lateral components, and coincidently major visible landslides were found mostly within them. The localized displacement helps to reveal hidden landslides in the target area. As far as the Kizawa hamlet is concerned, the obtained vectors show down-slope movements, which are consistent with the observed traces of dislocations that were found in the Kizawa tunnel and irrigation wells. The method proposed has great potential to be applied to understanding post-earthquake rehabilitation in other areas.

FAULT DIAGNOSIS APPROACH FOR ROLLER BEARINGS BASED ON EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION METHOD AND HILBERT TRANSFORM

Based upon empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and Hilbert spectrum, a method for fault diagnosis of roller bearing is proposed. The orthogonal wavelet bases are used to translate vibration signals of a roller bearing into time-scale representation, then, an envelope signal can be obtained by envelope spectrum analysis of wavelet coefficients of high scales. By applying EMD method and Hilbert transform to the envelope signal, we can get the local Hilbert marginal spectrum from which the faults in a roller bearing can be diagnosed and fault patterns can be identified. Practical vibration signals measured from roller bearings with out-race faults or inner-race faults are analyzed by the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional envelope spectrum method in extracting the fault characteristics of roller bearings.

Adaptive Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition and LMD Permutation Entropy

Bearing fault signal is nonlinear and non-stationary, therefore proposed a fault feature extraction method based on wavelet packet decomposition （WPD） and local mean decomposition （LMD） permutation entropy, which is based on the support vector machine （SVM） as the feature vector pattern recognition device Firstly, the wavelet packet analysis method is used to denoise the original vibration signal, and the frequency band division and signal reconstruction are carried out according to the characteristic frequency. Then the decomposition of the reconstructed signal is decomposed into a number of product functions （PE） by the local mean decomposition （LMD） , and the permutation entropy of the PF component which contains the main fault information is calculated to realize the feature quantization of the PF component. Finally, the entropy feature vector input multi-classification SVM, which is used to determine the type of fault and fault degree of bearing The experimental results show that the recognition rate of rolling bearing fault diagnosis is 95%. Comparing with other methods, the present this method can effectively extract the features of bearing fault and has a higher recognition accuracy

基于改进二进制粒子群算法优化DBN的轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号非平稳性的特点,对二进制粒子群优化算法(binary particles swarm optimization,BPSO)和深度信念网络(deep belief network,DBN)进行研究,提出一种基于局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,LMD)和IBPSO-DBN的轴承故障诊断方法。提出用加权惯性权重改进BPSO迭代过程中的固定权重,再用改进BPSO优化DBN的隐含层神经元个数和学习率。该方法先对信号进行LMD,提取出各PF分量的散布熵和时域指标,并构建特征矩阵,然后把特征矩阵输入改进BPSO-DBN模型中训练,实现滚动轴承故障诊断和分类。采用试验轴承数据做验证并与其他诊断方法对比,结果表明,基于LMD和BPSO-DBN的滚动轴承故障诊断方法具有较好的故障识别率。

基于局部均值分解与局部离群因子动力电池故障诊断

动力电池故障诊断是保证电动汽车正常运行的关键。提出一种基于局部均值分解和局部离群因子的动力电池故障诊断方法,用于电池组故障识别与定位。通过局部均值分解对电压信号预处理,并根据相关系数高低重构电压信号。进一步提取重构信号的峭度因子作为故障特征输入到局部离群因子算法中,根据局部离群因子算法自适应阈值输出故障电池。采用实车数据验证了所提方法能有效、准确地检测出故障,具有较好的可靠性与鲁棒性。

模态分解下的无线局域网室内全覆盖通信方法

室内无线局域网的覆盖率是影响用户网络通信效率的关键因素。若室内面积越大以及墙体过厚,且终端使用环境密封会导致通过折射等途径传输通信信号非常微弱,严重影响无线局域网的通信覆盖范围。为此,提出模态分解下的无线局域网室内全覆盖通信方法。通过划分局域网模态单元和确定室内信号振幅阈值,构建模态振幅阈值模型,消除无线局域网室内信号滤波噪声。从终端无线访问节点(AccessPoint,AP)的信号容量和天线传播损耗两方面分析影响无线局域网通信覆盖范围的原因。基于此,利用非朗伯发射器扩充无线局域网终端AP的信号容量,实现无线局域网的室内全覆盖通信。实验结果表明,研究方法应用下无线局域网的室内通信的盲点面积小,覆盖效率更高,实验场景室内通信信息传输率约为6.8Mbit·s^(-1),说明上述方法的可应用性更强。

基于MLMD的电能质量扰动检测方法

针对局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)算法应用于电能质量扰动检测时存在“端点效应”与滑动平均收敛速度慢,严重影响测量精度的问题,提出一种改进局部均值分解方法(Modified LMD,MLMD)。通过分段三次Hermite插值取代滑动平均法,有效改善LMD收敛慢、受平滑长度影响的弊端。为避免延拓长度不够而导致的“延拓失败”情形,在镜像延拓法的基础上结合“奇延拓”方法提出改进镜像延拓法。针对“直接法”求频率存在“毛刺现象”的弊端,文中改用希尔伯特变换(Hilbert Transform,HT)求取瞬时频率。最后,将MLMD分别应用于单一扰动信号与复合谐波信号的检测,相较传统的经验模态分解方法(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD),MLMD方法可有效抑制“端点效应”,同时能更准确的定位扰动信号的起止时刻,并且对高次谐波信号有更好的提取能力。

基于SSA-LMD-GM的大坝变形组合预测模型

为提高大坝变形预测精度,针对大坝原始监测信号中的噪声,以及其非平稳性、非线性等特点,引入奇异谱分析(SSA)和局部均值分解(LMD)方法,提出SSA-LMD-GM模型。采用奇异谱分析(SSA)对原始监测信号进行去噪处理,为充分提取大坝形变信息特征,利用局部均值分解(LMD)对去噪后的监测信号进行分解。针对乘积函数(PF)分量的特征采用合适的模型预测分析,剩下余项则采用GM(1,1)模型。利用实际工程案例进行检验,结果表明,相较于其他模型,SSA-LMD-GM模型预测精度和拟合精度更加优秀,能较好地预测大坝变形趋势,具有一定的应用价值。

基于改进RRT的清扫机器人全覆盖路径规划

针对钢筋轧制车间中大型非结构化环境下清扫机器人在全覆盖路径规划时所面临的算法运行成本高、避障性能差和区域覆盖率低等问题,提出了一种利用单元分解法分区覆盖和融合跳点搜索法的RRT区域转移的全覆盖路径规划算法。利用MCD(movement cell decomposition)算法实现自由区域覆盖,为了解决区域间路径规划时的避障问题,引入融合跳点搜索策略的RRT算法,通过增加节点扩展的导向性,使其更偏向目标区域进行搜索,并利用贪婪算法裁剪冗余点修正路径以及三次B样条曲线法平滑处理。通过仿真与实验验证了算法在不同环境下的可行性和有效性,相比于其他方法所规划的路径更短且大大降低了路径重复率,提高了机器人避障效率的同时实现了全区域路径覆盖。

基于强跟踪的移动机器人CQKF-SLAM方法

针对容积正交卡尔曼滤波(CQKF)在同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)中系统状态驱动模型与观测数据存在突变,以及协方差分解引起系统不稳定,导致移动机器人定位精度降低的问题,提出一种基于多重渐消因子强跟踪的SVDCQKF-SLAM方法。采用奇异值分解(SVD)代替CQKF算法中的乔列斯基分解,抑制状态误差协方差矩阵负定性;引入多重渐消因子强跟踪滤波器调节状态预测协方差矩阵。通过仿真实验,将所提SLAM方法与其它SLAM方法进行对比,其结果表明,该方法能够有效降低SLAM过程中的定位误差,对移动机器人同时定位与地图构建有一定参考价值。

基于可视化近超声的狭长管道人员定位系统

针对工业系统室内管道空间所具有的狭长和弯折等复杂特征,以及现有室内定位技术精度不够、实用性不强的问题,提出一种基于可视化近超声的狭长管道人员定位系统。采用逐帧归一化互相关方法和联合小波导数寻峰的方法确定到达时间。将改进变异率和选择策略的差分进化算法(EA)与极大似然的TDOA算法结合进一步增强定位准确度,将MDS分解与基站定位融合实现基站自标定功能。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法可以很好克服狭长弯折空间以及环境噪声干扰带来的影响,满足狭长管道空间人员定位系统的高精度定位需要。

基于正余弦分解的两分段自适应非局部均值滤波方法

为解决包裹相位图中存留的散斑噪声问题,文中提出了一种基于正余弦分解的两分段自适应非局部均值滤波方法。该方法通过两次改进衰减参数的大小和相似性度量的方式实现了算法的自适应化。利用该方法对包裹相位图的正余弦分量去噪,去噪后利用反正切运算获取干净的包裹相位,对该相位进行解包裹运算。实验和仿真结果表明,所提方法既有效去除了包裹相位图中的噪声,也保留了相位图中的边缘信息。相比于分别使用SCA(Sine Cosine Algorithm)方法和BM3D(Block-Matching and 3D filtering)方法,通过所提方法去噪后的图像等效视数(Equivalent Number of Looks,ENL)最大,散斑抑制指数(Speckle Suppression Index,SSI)最小,且均方误差提升了约两倍,说明所提方法有效去除了包裹相位中的噪声,提高了相位解包裹的精度。

全矢融合的二元PELCD样本熵列车故障诊断

长期高速运行的服役状态会造成高速列车转向架关键部件性能蜕化甚至发生故障等情况,所导致的安全事件将造成严重的经济损失甚至人员伤亡。考虑到高速列车振动信号的特性,将部分集成的局部特征尺度分解方法拓展至二元信号处理领域,同时结合全矢谱理论对同阶分量信号进行信息融合,得到更加完备的数据特征,并对融合后的数据进行样本熵特征提取,得到列车的故障特征;采用灰狼优化算法对支持向量机进行参数寻优,通过实验对比单一故障工况、复合故障工况以及部件性能退化下的故障识别率,验证所提方法的有效性、优越性。

基于LCD和稀疏表示的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对局部特征尺度分解(LCD)重构信号存在虚假成分、正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法迭代终止条件较难确定,以及相似原子难以区分的问题,将LCD和改进OMP算法相结合用于滚动轴承特征提取,用LCD对故障信号进行降噪与分解处理。根据相关峭度值,选择分解后的分量进行重构,利用改进OMP算法进行稀疏表示和特征提取,取得较好的效果。使用仿真信号和试验信号对比分析验证了该方法的有效性。

基于时频域特征和朴素贝叶斯的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

【目的】为了解决滚动轴承故障特征提取困难、诊断性能偏低的问题,提出了一种基于时频域特征和朴素贝叶斯的故障诊断方法。【方法】首先,通过局部均值分解方法对原始振动信号进行处理,获得多个乘积函数分量。其次,基于原始振动信号和各个乘积函数分量,提取时频域特征,并采用主成分分析实现特征降维,获得低维敏感特征。最后,依据低维敏感特征集,结合朴素贝叶斯模型,实现对江南大学—机械工程学院滚动轴承数据集的分析。【结果】实验结果表明,该方法相较于传统朴素贝叶斯准确率高39.49%,相较于主成分分析准确率高5.94%,由此得出该方法对滚动轴承故障的诊断表现较好。【结论】对于传统的单一的故障诊断模型,基于时频域特征和朴素贝叶斯的故障诊断模型具有更高的准确率,解决了滚动轴承故障特征提取困难、诊断性能偏低的问题。