In this article, we study the multi-dimensional reflected backward stochastic differential equations. The existence and uniqueness result of the solution for this kind of equation is proved by the fixed point argument...In this article, we study the multi-dimensional reflected backward stochastic differential equations. The existence and uniqueness result of the solution for this kind of equation is proved by the fixed point argument where every element of the solution is forced to stay above the given stochastic process, i.e., multi-dimensional obstacle, respectively. We also give a kind of multi-dimensional comparison theorem for the reflected BSDE and then use it as the tool to prove an existence result for the multi-dimensional reflected BSDE where the coefficient is continuous and has linear growth.展开更多
Living in a habitat with comfort is requested by all. Cinder block bricks have poor thermal properties, leading people to use fan heaters and air conditioners to regain comfort. To overcome this problem of thermal dis...Living in a habitat with comfort is requested by all. Cinder block bricks have poor thermal properties, leading people to use fan heaters and air conditioners to regain comfort. To overcome this problem of thermal discomfort in buildings, we used lightweight concrete such as foamed concrete which is a material that has improved thermal properties for thermal comfort. In addition, this material was compared with local materials used for the construction of buildings such as BTC, adobe and BLT mixed with binders. The results showed that foamed concrete is a material that has good thermal and mechanical properties compared to local materials mixed with binders. The foamed concrete having acceptable thermo-mechanical properties was that having a density of 930 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 m<sup>2</sup>·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. The foamed concrete having acceptable thermo-mechanical properties was that having a density of 930 kg/m3</sup>. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 m2</sup>·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. For sunshine on a daily cycle equal to 12 hours, the characteristic thickness achieved by this material is 7.29 cm. It also has a shallow depth of heat diffusion having a lower thickness than other materials. This shows that foamed concrete is a promising material for the construction of buildings.展开更多
A new methodology of comparing digital raster maps was proposed which allows not only detecting changes in the maps, but also obtaining quantitative measures of the importance of selected differences. Procedure of obj...A new methodology of comparing digital raster maps was proposed which allows not only detecting changes in the maps, but also obtaining quantitative measures of the importance of selected differences. Procedure of object interpretation of satellite images and forming of OMT (Object Map of Territory) is described. A list of allowable differences between two OMTs is defined. Two steps technique of quantitative measuring is proposed. At the first stage functions are constructed for calculating local measures of differences in the amount, areas and locations of objects on the map, as well as relations between the objects. In the second stage local measures are used to calculate the integral measure in order to get generalized assessment of difference between maps. The methods for constructing functions which calculate local and integral measures of differences are described. Examples of comparing and measuring the differences between OMTs are provided. Obtained results by utilizing this technique can be used to analyze trends, forecast of development and might be helpful for choosing most efficient scenarios for sustainable spatial planning and land management.展开更多
本研究从权利公平、机会公平和规则公平三个方面分析了当前我国的社会公平感现状,探讨了社会经济地位和社会比较对公平感的影响。数据来源于2017年社会心态调查(CASS-INTELLVISION Social Mentality Survey)的22669个居民数据。结果发现...本研究从权利公平、机会公平和规则公平三个方面分析了当前我国的社会公平感现状,探讨了社会经济地位和社会比较对公平感的影响。数据来源于2017年社会心态调查(CASS-INTELLVISION Social Mentality Survey)的22669个居民数据。结果发现,调查对象的社会公平感普遍偏低,机会公平最受质疑。社会公平感的影响因素分析结果更多支持“局部比较理论”而不是“结构决定论”,主观社会阶层可以提升社会公平感,积极的社会比较和对比较结果的合理性认知可以提升社会公平。客观社会经济地位与社会公平感之间的关系取决于社会比较的结果,当社会比较不如他人的时候,客观社会经济地位和社会公平感之间负相关。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation(10371067)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2007CB814904)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Z2006A01)the Doctoral Fund of Education Ministry of China,and Youth Growth Foundation of Shandong University at Weihai, P.R.China. Xiao acknowledges the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2009AQ017)Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University,IIFSDU
文摘In this article, we study the multi-dimensional reflected backward stochastic differential equations. The existence and uniqueness result of the solution for this kind of equation is proved by the fixed point argument where every element of the solution is forced to stay above the given stochastic process, i.e., multi-dimensional obstacle, respectively. We also give a kind of multi-dimensional comparison theorem for the reflected BSDE and then use it as the tool to prove an existence result for the multi-dimensional reflected BSDE where the coefficient is continuous and has linear growth.
文摘Living in a habitat with comfort is requested by all. Cinder block bricks have poor thermal properties, leading people to use fan heaters and air conditioners to regain comfort. To overcome this problem of thermal discomfort in buildings, we used lightweight concrete such as foamed concrete which is a material that has improved thermal properties for thermal comfort. In addition, this material was compared with local materials used for the construction of buildings such as BTC, adobe and BLT mixed with binders. The results showed that foamed concrete is a material that has good thermal and mechanical properties compared to local materials mixed with binders. The foamed concrete having acceptable thermo-mechanical properties was that having a density of 930 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 m<sup>2</sup>·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. The foamed concrete having acceptable thermo-mechanical properties was that having a density of 930 kg/m3</sup>. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 m2</sup>·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. For sunshine on a daily cycle equal to 12 hours, the characteristic thickness achieved by this material is 7.29 cm. It also has a shallow depth of heat diffusion having a lower thickness than other materials. This shows that foamed concrete is a promising material for the construction of buildings.
文摘A new methodology of comparing digital raster maps was proposed which allows not only detecting changes in the maps, but also obtaining quantitative measures of the importance of selected differences. Procedure of object interpretation of satellite images and forming of OMT (Object Map of Territory) is described. A list of allowable differences between two OMTs is defined. Two steps technique of quantitative measuring is proposed. At the first stage functions are constructed for calculating local measures of differences in the amount, areas and locations of objects on the map, as well as relations between the objects. In the second stage local measures are used to calculate the integral measure in order to get generalized assessment of difference between maps. The methods for constructing functions which calculate local and integral measures of differences are described. Examples of comparing and measuring the differences between OMTs are provided. Obtained results by utilizing this technique can be used to analyze trends, forecast of development and might be helpful for choosing most efficient scenarios for sustainable spatial planning and land management.
文摘本研究从权利公平、机会公平和规则公平三个方面分析了当前我国的社会公平感现状,探讨了社会经济地位和社会比较对公平感的影响。数据来源于2017年社会心态调查(CASS-INTELLVISION Social Mentality Survey)的22669个居民数据。结果发现,调查对象的社会公平感普遍偏低,机会公平最受质疑。社会公平感的影响因素分析结果更多支持“局部比较理论”而不是“结构决定论”,主观社会阶层可以提升社会公平感,积极的社会比较和对比较结果的合理性认知可以提升社会公平。客观社会经济地位与社会公平感之间的关系取决于社会比较的结果,当社会比较不如他人的时候,客观社会经济地位和社会公平感之间负相关。
