Entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility and flexible innovation networks： On the interaction between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and local development

Entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility is concerned with obligations that should be undertaken by an enterprise or ＂enterprise citizen＂ to the society including interrelationship between enterprise and some related interest dependents. And it is a sense of value, discipline and respect to the people, community and environment-related policies of the enterprise. Obviously, the core of the notion refers to a commitment of the enterprise in order to improve living standard of related interest counterparts. Nowadays, entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility has been not only an ethical call, but also an institutional constraint. The consensus is that in operation process an enterprise should take into account of its economic, social and ethical effects on consumers, staffs, shareholders, communities, local governments and environment and make a better prospect to them. Based on this point of view, by field work and questionnaire method, this paper discusses specifically the interaction between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and local development of the Pudong New Area, a China＇s largest special economic zone in Shanghai to explore dynamics of the TNCs＇ R＆D activities, growth of the local economy and their roles in promoting flexible innovation networks for sustainable futures. This involves： a. notion of the entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility; b. current state and trend of TNCs＇ R＆D activities; c. mode and linkage tightness between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and the local economy; d. main problems of the TNCs＇ R＆D activities in Pudong; e. the context of flexible innovation networks; and f. manner and ways in creation of flexible innovation networks.

Local Development Fee in Slovak Republic

With the advent of tax and expenditure limitations, state and local governments have been searching for new sources of revenue to maintain or expand public services. The need for new sources of revenue has been particularly acute in localities that have experienced rapid growth. The new act No. 447 of November 20, 2015 on Local Development Fee was approved in Slovakia. The Act comes into force on November 1, 2016. The paper points out possible problems associated with the introduction of the local development fee abroad and discribes the situation in Slovakia.

Exploring the dynamics of creative tourism:A tourist-centric perspective to achieve economic sustainable development

Creative tourism is a dynamic and innovative approach to tourism,which points out the importance of people's active participation and their immersion in such experiences.In a vernacular context,it should attract people(local and tourists)attention to accomplish its main goals.Despite its rich cultural and natural assets,Kurdistan province faces several challenges that impact its tourism potential.To achieve that,the study uses quantitative approach to thoroughly analyze and evaluate the components of creative tourism in this province.The research focuses on tourists who visited the province's ten towns during the spring and summer of 2023.Data collection utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire ranging from"very good"to"very poor".The study employed a semistructured questionnaire developed through qualitative interviews alongside a researcher-made questionnaire validated by experts from the University of Kurdistan.The qualitative questionnaire achieved a high-reliability score of 93%using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.In-depth interviews and literary research were conducted to identify creative tourism components and indicators,informing the development of a quantitative questionnaire.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20 and AMOS software to scrutinize the survey findings,providing insights into enhancing creative tourism strategies in Kurdistan province.The results reveal the varying significance of these dimensions,with the cultural dimension identified as the most crucial(factor loading:0.95),followed by the social(0.92),economic(0.88),and managerial/political dimensions(0.83).The study highlights the importance of cultural planning,community engagement,and infrastructural support in fostering creative tourism.Furthermore,it explores the impact of creative industries,such as music and arts rooted in Kurdish culture,on tourism development.Economic diversification and spatialphysical considerations are critical factors in enhancing Kurdistan's appeal as a creative tourism destination,emphasizing sustainable growth and cultural preservation.

Transition and Transplantation in China＇s Local Development： The Case of the Yangtze River Delta Region

In the past nearly 30 years, the emergence of the market economies in China was characterised by geographical concentration of economic activities. The particularly successful cases happened in the Yangtze River Delta, namely, the two most famous models for local developments in China＇s economic transformation and market development： the ＂ South Jiangsu Model＂ in south Jiangsu and the ＂Wenzhou model＂ in southeast Zhejiang. Although there have been debates upon the two development models for a considerably long time, both models keep being open in and compatible to local development and globalization. The two models influence each other, keep being in institutional transition through bilateral paths transplantation, i.e. learning from each other and employing cooperation in their developments. Transition and transplantation are adaptation mechanisms for local developments of the two models to participate in global economies with industrial division and labour division, and also for the two models to continuously further contribute to China＇s nationwide market transition and economic development.

Impact of Hinterland Manufacturing on the Development of Container Ports: Evidence from the Pearl River Delta, China

Container ports and hinterland manufacturing are two important forces of the local participation in economic globalization.This study,taking the Pearl River Delta(PRD),China with an export-oriented economy as an example,applies Huff and panel regres-sion models to evaluate the impact of hinterland manufacturing on the development of container ports during the period of 1993–2019.The results show that 1)the spatial patterns of hinterlands for hub ports help to determine the distribution range and scale of economic variables that affect port throughput;2)the hinterland’s gross manufacturing output has universally positive influence on port through-put,wherein export-oriented processing and the entire manufacturing industry have significantly positive impact on port throughput in 1993–2011 and 2001–2019,respectively;3)the two internal structural factors related to an export-oriented economy,labor-intensive sectors and foreign-funded terminals,have positively moderate the direct influence of hinterland manufacturing on port throughput.Our results highlight the importance of local context in understanding port-manufacturing relationship in developing economies.Based on our findings,policy implications are further proposed to enhance port network organization in PRD.

On division management for environmental system of China: lessons from European local sustainable development

The concept of sustainable development, after being brousht forward, has become a shibboleth in the world, at national and local levels. In Europe, this concept is implemented from the local to tha nation, even to the Continent. The local sustainable development mainly consists in two factors： one is the renovating method continually invented by European Secretariot of ICLEI, and the other is that the local authorities towards sustainability are co-operated by the European Sustainable Cities and Towns Campaign. The coo-budget method is the outcome of tbese factors, For our country is a big country, on rapid progression of indastrialization and urbanization, with a large population and scarce resoarces per capita, it is practically significance to study us soon as possible the methodology. Experience from European local sustainable development may help us to resolve the handicap of departraent division in local a, tbority.

Individual and local scale interactions and adaptations to wind energy development:A case study of Oklahoma,USA

Wind energy development receives broad support but is often opposed at the local level due to nuisance concerns and uncertainties about how it affects the landowners living due to the turbines and the broader community.Lo-cal opposition to wind energy development can be a powerful force slowing or even ending its implementation in a given region.Oklahoma,USA is currently ranked as 4^(th)in the United States in current wind energy production and has seen significant pushback from some local communities as a renewable energy resource.Previous studies have examined wind energy development’s impact on rural education income,and property values of different communities in Oklahoma.However,funding information on how wind energy development affects the individu-als living alongside the turbines are limited.Using fifteen interviews with landowners,site-managers,community representatives,and pro-wind non-profit organization representatives,this study finds that individuals who live in proximity to wind energy development,particularly those involved in the agricultural industry,have created novel and unique uses for wind farm infrastructure.It also finds that local perceptions of wind energy production are mostly positive and provides increased knowledge of how wind energy development affects the individuals and communities that are hosting the turbines and related infrastructure.

Standization Trends in Local Regions Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Utilizes Standardization to Promote Economic Development

In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.

Construction controlling and strength increasing characteristics of locally developed epoxy asphalt mixture

The construction controlling elements,including construction performance at low ambient temperatures,reserved time ranges,and the strength increasing rule,for locally developed epoxy asphalt mixture（LDEAM） are studied through laboratory tests.Air void and Marshall stability are chosen as the performance measures for evaluating the construction quality.The wheel rolling test is used to simulate the actual construction situations,while the Marshall test and the Brookfield viscosity test are adopted to study the strength increasing rule.The experimental results reveal that the LDEAM can be constructed under a low ambient temperature condition of 10℃,and its longest reserved time is 70 min at a reserved temperature of 120℃.Test also shows that the strength of the LDEAM increases with time and temperature before cured.Finally,the theoretical reason for the strength increasing rule is analyzed on the basis of the organic chemistry theory.

Implications of Onshore Development on Global Software Engineering

Recently software industry has paid significant attention to customizing software products across distributed boundaries.Communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed borders is a crucial challenge for the software customization process.Local decision-making and local development at the client site are considered methods for reducing difficulties in communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed boundaries.This paper introduces a new model called the onshore development model(ODM)for accomplishing the customization requests in the distributed development process of software.This model presents a scenario for enhancing the onsite development of specific requirements to reduce delays andmisunderstandings between the clients and the team involved.This model depends on moving the development process to the client’s location.Three empirical studies were conducted to evaluate the proposed model to measure its productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The proposed model has been compared with two other models:the basic model(BM),which allocates the decision-making process and the development process for teams at the vendor’s location,and the local decision-making model(LDec),which assigns the decision-making process for team at the client’s location.The results of the empirical studies showed significant outperforming of the proposed model over the basic model and local decision-making model in productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The productivity of the proposed model improved by 39%and 10%more than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.In addition,the time performance of the proposed model became faster by 49%and 20.8%than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.Also,it reduced the total cost of the development process by 31%in terms of the salaries of all persons involved in requirements collecting,decision-making,and development.

Sustainable Development of Ecotourism in Mexico

Dimensions of sustainable development were analyzed based on the commonality, services, and ecotourism activities of 35 indigenous communities in Mexico. Based on indicators of local development in indigenous communities with ecotourism activities available and environmental indicators given by the Ministry of Tourism of Mexico SECTUR and of communitarian sustainability developed in Mexico. Data from a 118 items questionnaire from inhabitants participating in ecotourism projects of indigenous groups within 13 states of the Mexican Republic were tested. The results showed the definition of five categories of local development, two environmental categories, and four categories of communitarian sustainability in the Mexican states with the largest indigenous populations. A positive relationship between the community perspective and the indigenous ecotourism and the three dimensions of sustainable development was observed. This study provides an alternative methodology for the analysis of the sustainable development dimensions in projects of indigenous communities.

琳达·霍根小说中的动物殖民:以《恶灵》《灵力》和《靠鲸生活的人》为例

美国印第安女作家琳达·霍根兼有环境行动主义者的身份,其作品充满对动物的关切,她的小说真实再现了欧洲殖民者来到美洲大陆后引发的野牛、美洲豹和鲸鱼等野生动物屠杀及动物交易问题。从后殖民生态学的角度观照霍根小说反映的动物殖民问题可发现,导致这一问题的最初原因是白人秉承的“人类中心主义”思想,而推动现代动物交易持续存在的是西方“发展主义”理念,欧洲殖民者在美洲大陆的殖民行为实际上也是生物领域的一场入侵。

本土化视角下我国校园足球发展路径研究

通过梳理相关文献,从世界足球强国发展的经验来看,数量庞大的青少年足球人口和完善的精英球员培养体制是他们成功的共同特点。基于本土化视角,立足我国基本国情,提出并解读我国校园足球发展的路径:应明确校园足球"普及加提高"的发展方向,探索校园足球特区模式,发挥社会组织力量,合理运用政策工具,推行多领域跨界协同合作,共同推动校园足球持续、健康的发展。

地方高校发展性教学绩效考评的思考及其实践

教学绩效考评是教学质量的根本保证,发展性教学绩效考评对教师教学水平的改善与提高以及教师专业的成长具有可持续性。本文立足于地方高校办学的实际,结合我校教学实践,对发展性教学绩效考评进行了有益的尝试与探索。

“地方发展型政府”抑或“地方企业家型政府”？--对中国地方政企关系与地方政府行为模式的研究述评

在中国财政和行政分权的制度条件下,地方政府行为、地方政企关系与地方发展动力机制密切联系。根据地方政府机关是否直接参与营利性生产经营活动,可以把地方政府行为模式划分为"地方发展型政府"和"地方企业家型政府"两类。用单一的政府行为模式不太可能完全概括中国政府行为的所有面向。一般而言,中国的中央政府和地方政府普遍具有发展型和企业家型的特点,并且在未来一段时期内仍将继续保持。但政府行为也表现出因时因地而变化的差异性和多样性,具体表现为中央政府和地方政府以及地方政府之间,在不同改革时期发展型和企业家型特点的显著性、着重点和表现形式的区别。在全面深化改革的新时期,必须更加重视发展型国家和企业家型国家模式运作的成果分配问题。

制度环境、激励约束与区域政府间合作——京津冀协同发展的个案追踪

区域政府间合作"关系"制度化的关键是确定合作的条件和机制。借鉴西方政府间合作模型,开发中国情境的概念框架成为题中之意。行政性分权、发展型地方主义和干部晋升锦标赛体制不利于政府间合作,棘手问题和相互依赖改变了这一制度环境。政治驱动、府际契约或承诺塑造了约束机制;组织协调、目标考核和收益共享则构建了激励机制。激励约束机制嵌套下个体层次、治理层次和制度层次的互动塑造了区域政府间合作过程。京津冀协同发展的"故事"显示该框架的有效性和独特性变量。

超越地方发展型政府:理论框架与经验分析

地方发展型政府的理论揭示地方政府热衷于经济建设,不愿意进行社会建设,而在现实政治生活中,有些地方政府却乐意进行社会建设。制度空间、发展阶段和供给能力是地方政府热衷于社会建设的动力机制,它使地方政府具有超越地方发展型政府的倾向。但是超越地方发展型政府同样具有局限性,表现为地方政府进行选择性社会建设:从内容来看,它是管理型,而非服务型;从组织目标来看,它是行政效率型,而非社会自治型;从服务对象来看,它是本地型而非外地型。地方政府进行选择性社会建设的原因在于社会建设的三重替代逻辑:维持稳定替代社会发展,政绩导向替代社会服务,回应上级替代回应民意,这是超越地方发展型政府的限度。

农业大学科技园的功能定位及发展策略——以华南农业大学科技园建设为例

农业大学科技园是大学科技园的重要组成部分,是农业大学科技成果转化、孵化、推广、示范的重要平台。通过对农业大学科技园的内涵分析,探讨了农业大学科技园的功能定位,并结合华南农业大学农业科技园区建设的实践,提出了农业大学科技园的发展策略。

国外地方课程开发机制的几类模式及其启示

地方课程开发机制主要涉及地方课程规划主体的认定,以及谁来编制、实施、管理与监督地方课程的问题。依此对国外地方课程开发机制进行梳理,主要有共创、整合、补充、桥梁四种模式。国外地方课程开发机制四类模式表现出的特点给我们在地方课程开发的诸多方面带来启示。

城市土地供给制度变迁中的地方政府行为

地方发展型政府以发展地方经济为核心目标。改革开放以来，地方发展型政府推动着我国城市土地供给制度的不断变迁：一方面促进了地方经济的发展，另一方面具有较浓厚的地方利益色彩。深化改革我国城市土地供给制度．需重塑政府与市场的关系，建立起与我国市场经济体制相适应的土地制度。